Popov IV, Görne AL, Tchougréeff AL, Dronskowski R. Relative stability of diamond and graphite as seen through bonds and hybridizations.
Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019;
21:10961-10969. [PMID:
31106783 DOI:
10.1039/c8cp07592a]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The relative stability of the two most important forms of elemental carbon, diamond and graphite, is readdressed from a newly developed perspective as derived from historically well-known roots. Unlike other theoretical studies mostly relying on numerical methods, we consider an analytical model to gain fundamental insight into the reasons for the quasi-degeneracy of diamond and graphite despite their extremely different covalent bonding patterns. We derive the allotropes' relative energies and provide a qualitative picture predicting a quasi-degenerate electronic ground state for graphite (graphene) and diamond at zero temperature. Our approach also gives numerical estimates of the energy difference and interatomic separations in good agreement with experimental data and recent results of hybrid DFT modeling, although obtained with a much smaller numerical but highly transparent effort. An attempt to extend this treatment to the lowest energy allotropes of silicon proves to be successful as well.
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