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Yu NH, Chun SY, Ha YS, Kim HT, Kim DH, Kim J, Chung JW, Lee JN, Song PH, Yoo ES, Kim BS, Kwon TG. Optimal Stem Cell Transporting Conditions to Maintain Cell Viability and Characteristics. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 15:639-647. [PMID: 30603585 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-018-0133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The preservation of stem cell viability and characteristics during cell transport from the bench to patients can significantly affect the success of cell therapy. Factors such as suspending medium, time, temperature, cell density, and container type could be considered for transport conditions. METHODS To establish optimal conditions, human amniotic fluid stem cells' (AFSCs) viabilities were analyzed under different media {DMEM(H), DMEM/F-12, K-SFM, RPMI 1640, α-MEM, DMEM(L), PBS or saline}, temperature (4, 22 or 37 °C), cell density (1 × 107 cells were suspended in 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mL of medium) and container type (plastic syringe or glass bottle). After establishing the transport conditions, stem cell characteristics of AFSCs were compared to freshly prepared cells. RESULTS Cells transported in DMEM(H) showed relatively higher viability than other media. The optimized transport temperature was 4 °C, and available transport time was within 12 h. A lower cell density was associated with a better survival rate, and a syringe was selected as a transport container because of its clinical convenience. In compare of stem cell characteristics, the transported cells with established conditions showed similar potency as the freshly prepared cells. CONCLUSION Our findings can provide a foundation to optimization of conditions for stem cell transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Hee Yu
- 1Biomedical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944 Korea
| | - So Young Chun
- 1Biomedical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944 Korea
| | - Yun-Sok Ha
- 2Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944 Korea.,3Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944 Korea
| | - Hyun Tae Kim
- 2Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944 Korea.,4Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807 Hogukro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404 Korea
| | - Dae Hwan Kim
- 5Department of Laboratory Animal Research Support Team, Yeungnam University Medical Center, 170 Hyunchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, 42415 Korea
| | - Jeongshik Kim
- Department of Pathology, Central Hospital, 480 Munsu-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44667 Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Chung
- 2Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944 Korea.,4Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807 Hogukro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404 Korea
| | - Jun Nyung Lee
- 2Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944 Korea.,4Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807 Hogukro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404 Korea
| | - Phil Hyun Song
- 7Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, 42415 Korea
| | - Eun Sang Yoo
- 2Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944 Korea.,3Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944 Korea
| | - Bum Soo Kim
- 2Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944 Korea.,3Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944 Korea
| | - Tae Gyun Kwon
- 2Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944 Korea.,4Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807 Hogukro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404 Korea
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Kao GS, Kim HT, Daley H, Ritz J, Burger SR, Kelley L, Vierra-Green C, Flesch S, Spellman S, Miller J, Confer D. Validation of short-term handling and storage conditions for marrow and peripheral blood stem cell products. Transfusion 2011; 51:137-47. [PMID: 20609197 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02758.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants from unrelated donors are routinely used in the treatment of patients with hematologic malignancies. These cellular products are often collected off-site and require transport from the collection site to transplantation centers. However, the effects of transport conditions and media on stem cell graft composition during short-term storage have not been well described. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Five bone marrow (BM), four filgrastim-mobilized peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC), and four nonmobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMNC) products were collected from healthy volunteer donors and stored at 4 or 20°C for up to 72 hours in 10% PlasmaLyte A plus anticoagulants such as 10% acid citrate dextran-A (ACD-A) and/or 10 IU/mL heparin. Products were evaluated at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours for cellular content, viability, and metabolic activities. RESULTS BM products maintained equivalent cell viability when stored at either 4 or 20°C over 72 hours, but cell viability was better maintained for PBSC products stored at 4°C. The mean viable CD34+ cell recovery for PBSC and BM products stored over 72 hours at 4°C was higher than 75%. Significantly lower CD34+ cell and colony-forming unit recoveries were seen in PBSC products but not BM products stored at room temperature. Faster lactic acid accumulation was observed in PBMNC and PBSC products stored without ACD-A. CONCLUSIONS Seventy-two-hour storage of BM, PBSC, and PBMNC products at refrigerated temperature maintains optimal cell viability and recovery. Anticoagulation with ACD-A is preferred over heparin to reduce lactic acid accumulation in the product media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace S Kao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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9
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McCullough J, Haley R, Clay M, Hubel A, Lindgren B, Moroff G. Long-term storage of peripheral blood stem cells frozen and stored with a conventional liquid nitrogen technique compared with cells frozen and stored in a mechanical freezer. Transfusion 2009; 50:808-19. [PMID: 19912586 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02482.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryopreservation of hematopoietic progenitor cells using liquid nitrogen and controlled-rate freezing requires complex equipment and highly trained staff and is expensive. We compared the liquid nitrogen method with methods using a combination of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and hydroxyethyl starch (HES) for cryopreservation followed by storage in mechanical freezers. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) were collected from normal donors by apheresis and allocated to one of four preservation and storage conditions: 1) 10% DMSO with freezing in liquid nitrogen and storage in liquid nitrogen, 2) 5% DMSO and 6% HES with freezing and storage in a -80 degrees C mechanical freezer, 3) 5% DMSO and 6% HES with freezing in a -80 degrees C mechanical freezer and storage in a -135 degrees C mechanical freezer, or 4) 5% DMSO and 6% HES with freezing and storage both in a 135 degrees C mechanical freezer. Cells were stored for 5 years during which total nucleated cells (TNCs), cell viability, CD34+ cell content, and colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage content were determined. RESULTS There were some significant differences in the variables measured during freezing and the 5 years of storage compared to the values before freezing and storage; however, these differences were not consistent and do not favor one protocol over the others. Samples stored for 24 hours before cryopreservation showed a significant decrease in TNCs, but no other significant changes during the 5 years. CONCLUSION In vitro measurements indicate that PBSCs can be successfully frozen and stored using a combination of DMSO and HES providing smaller amounts of DMSO and allowing simplified freezing and storage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey McCullough
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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10
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Fleming KK, Hubel A. Cryopreservation of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic stem cells. Transfus Apher Sci 2006; 34:309-15. [PMID: 16829201 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2005.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2005] [Accepted: 11/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies illustrate the potential for improving the cryopreservation of stem cells. Reduced DMSO concentrations in the cryopreservation medium, post thaw washing of cells and increased cell concentration have been actively studied. Standardization of cell processing has led to the study of liquid storage prior to cryopreservation, validation of mechanical (uncontrolled rate freezing) freezing, and cryopreservation bag failure. Finally, the need for the systematic study and optimization of preservation processes has not been fulfilled. As the sources and applications of stem cells (hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic) continue to be developed, the need for effective preservation methods will only grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Fleming
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1100 Mechanical Engineering, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Processing and banking of umbilical cord blood requires the development of methods for short-term liquid storage. This study examines the conditions (temperature, time, and storage solution) for optimal storage of cord blood. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Cord blood obtained from normal donors was collected and divided into aliquots. Some of the aliquots were supplemented with a storage solution and undiluted cord blood was used as a control. MNC counts, percentage of cells that are CD34+45+, frequency of CFU-GM, and solution pH were monitored for up to 72 hours in storage at 4 degrees C and room temperature. RESULTS MNC counts, CD34+45+ cell recovery, and frequency of CFU-GM were all improved in samples diluted with a storage medium when compared to undiluted controls. MNC counts were higher when cells were stored at 4 degrees C. MNC counts and the frequency of CFU-GM were reduced at 72 hours when compared with 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the recovery of cells from cord blood can be improved if samples are stored using a storage solution for 24 hours without significant cell losses. Some of the solutions determined to be effective in maintaining viability are approved for human applications, although not specifically cord blood preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Hubel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1100 Mechanical Engineering, 111 Church Steet SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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12
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The processing of cord blood may result in delays prior to RBC depletion and cryopreservation. The overall objective of this investigation is to determine the influence of liquid storage prior to cryopreservation on the post-thaw viability. METHODS UC blood supplemented with CPD anticoagulant (CB) was obtained from normal donors with informed consent. CB was stored undiluted, or diluted with 1:1 ratio of storage solution STM-sav for up to 72 h. The undiluted control samples were stored at room temperature. CB samples supplemented with STM-sav were stored at 4 degrees C. After completion of the storage protocol, the sample was RBC depleted, frozen, stored, thawed, and assayed for viability. Nucleated cell counts, percentage of CD34+ cells, and frequency of colony formation were determined during liquid storage and after cryopreservation. RESULTS The post-thaw mononuclear cell recovery and viability of cord blood stored for 72 h was significantly lower than that of cord blood stored for 24 h prior to cryopreservation. This difference was true for cord bloods stored in STM-sav and controls. Dilution of the cord blood with STM-sav improved the frequency of CFU-GM observed. DISCUSSION Liquid storage of cord blood for 24 h prior to cryopreservation does not adversely influence the post-thaw cell recovery. The use of a storage solution (STM-Sav) enhances the retention of colony-forming capabilities post-thaw. These and other studies provide an important foundation for the development of integrated protocols for cord blood banking.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hubel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Schmid J, McCullough J, Burger S, Hubel A. Noncryopreserved Bone Marrow Storage in STM-Sav, an Infusible-Grade Cell Storage Solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1089/15383440260073284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.L. Schmid
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - J. McCullough
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - A. Hubel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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de Kreuk AM, Jonkhoff AR, Zevenbergen A, Wilhelm AJ, van Oostveen JW, Schuurhuis GJ, Huijgens PC. In vitro safety profile of G-CSF-mobilized whole blood after storage for 7 days in an infusable-grade L15 medium. Transfusion 2002; 42:433-42. [PMID: 12076290 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1438.2002.00064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND G-CSF-mobilized whole blood (WB) is a cost-reducing and simple alternative for peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation. Recently, it was demonstrated that mobilized WB supplemented with Leibovitz's L15 medium permitted prolonged preservation of clonogenic cells at ambient temperature. In this study, an infusable-grade L15 medium (IG-L15) was developed, and the safety profile of mobilized WB after 7 days of storage was investigated. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS IG-L15 was manufactured in a closed system under good manufacturing practice conditions. Proinflammatory cytokine levels and hemolysis in mobilized WB were determined after 7 days of storage in different containers and were compared with current clinical mobilized WB values after 1 to 3 days of storage at 4 degrees C. RESULTS IG-L15 and L15 maintained clonogenic cells equally. In the samples of mobilized WB that were returned to the patient, cytokine levels were not elevated in comparison with freshly collected mobilized WB. By using IG-L15 in polystyrene-coated cell culture bags, median (range) levels of 9.4 (2.2-69.8) pg per mL (IL-1beta), 31.6 (6.1-146.5) pg per mL (TNF-alpha), 76.9 (15.5-934.9) pg per mL (IL-6), and 7195 (104-205,600) pg per mL (IL-8) were found after 7 days. Higher cytokine levels were found with L15 and different containers. He- molysis was less than 0.5 g per dL in all cases. CONCLUSION The storage of mobilized WB for 7 days in IG-L15 at ambient temperature is possible with adequate preservation of clonogenic cells, but cytokine levels may require plasma removal before return.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne M de Kreuk
- Department of Hematology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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de Kreuk AM, Jonkhoff AR, Zevenbergen A, Hendriks EC, Schuurhuis GJ, Ossenkoppele GJ, Dräger AM, van Oostveen JW, Huijgens PC. Storage of unprocessed G-CSF-mobilized whole blood in a modified Leibovitz's L15 medium preserves clonogenic capacity for at least 7 days. Bone Marrow Transplant 2001; 28:145-55. [PMID: 11509932 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1703127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2001] [Accepted: 05/27/2001] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Autologous stem cell transplantation using unprocessed, G-CSF-mobilized whole blood (WB) is a simple, cost-reducing procedure and supports high-dose chemotherapy regimens not exceeding 72 h. Thereafter, clonogenic capacity rapidly decreases if routine anticoagulants are used for storage. In order to increase clinical applicability, we investigated the requirements for optimal preservation of unprocessed WB for 7 days. During storage at 22 degrees C in CPDA-1, a decrease in pH was noted, which was at least partially responsible for the low recovery of clonogenic cells. Subsequently, WB cells were stored in various cell culture media (RPMI 1640, alpha-MEM, X-VIVO15, CellGro SCGM and Leibovitz's L15 medium) containing either serum, serum-free substitutes or no additives. Leibovitz's L15 showed significantly better CFU-GM recoveries than the other media. Using a calcium-free modification of L15 medium (added 3:10 to WB), 94 +/- 24% of CD34(+) cells, 41 +/- 14% of BFU-E, 56 +/- 17% CFU-GM and 90 +/- 14% of LTC-IC were preserved during storage for 7 days at 22 degrees C. Storage at 4 degrees C was also feasible, but showed less optimal recoveries of 52 +/- 29% (CD34), 32 +/- 10% (BFU-E), 13 +/- 7% (CFU-GM) and 58 +/- 9% (LTC-IC). The expression of CD38, Thy-1, c-kit, AC133, L-selectin and CXCR4 on CD34-positive cells remained unchanged. In conclusion, a modified Leibovitz's L15 medium better meets the metabolic requirements of a high-density cell culture and allows safe storage of G-CSF mobilized WB for at least 7 days. The results encourage further exploration of WB transplants stored for 7 days for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M de Kreuk
- Department of Hematology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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