Impact of concomitant cardiovascular medications on overall survival in patients with liver cirrhosis

Correlation of the FIB-4 Liver Biomarker Score with the Severity of Heart Failure

Background and Objectives: Heart failure is associated with high morbidity and mortality and linked with several pre-existing health conditions and risk factors. Early detection and prompt management in heart failure improves patient outcomes. Liver involvement is associated with heart failure disease progression, and hence liver biomarkers and liver fibrosis may have a prognostic impact. Several blood test based markers and scoring systems estimate liver fibrosis and hence can be useful prognostic tools. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a series of 303 patients with decompensated heart failure in a city in western Romania over a period of 6 months. Several biochemical parameters were measured, the FIB-4 score was estimated and echocardiography was performed. Results for targeted variables are presented using descriptive statistics. Patients were analyzed based on their LVEF categories. Statistical analysis was based on ANOVA one-way tests for continuous variables and Chi-square tests for categorical variables. Pairwise comparisons were performed based on Bonferroni adjusted significance tests. The correlations between FIB-4 score, LVEF and NT-pro BNP in patients with and without diabetes and hypertension were explored using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Result: Age, gender, NYHA class, death, history of (h/o) type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), h/o coronary artery disease (CAD), h/o arrhythmias, sodium, potassium, creatinine, eGFR, uric acid, NT-pro BNP, left atrial volume, LDL, HDL, and TG were analyzed by LVEF categories using ANOVA one-way tests, Chi-square tests, and Bonferroni correction comparisons. We found a strong statistically significant correlation between each of NT-pro BNP, left atrial volume, LDL, and HDL with the LVEF categories. Discussion: Early detection of cardiac dysfunction leads to better management in patients with cardiovascular risk factors including diabetes and hypertension. High LDL and low HDL levels contribute to a reduction in left ventricular (LV) function. Available literature suggests the FIB-4 score as superior to other non-invasive markers of fibrosis. It utilizes the patient's age, platelet count, AST, and ALT, which can be available retrospectively, making it an easy and inexpensive tool. FIB-4 score has a few limitations. Conclusions: Our study has shown a statistically significant positive correlation between severity categories of LVEF and FIB-4 score for heart failure patients with and without diabetes, and for heart failure patients with or without hypertension. We propose the implementation of FIB-4 score as a prognostic tool for heart failure.

Hepatocellular carcinoma, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors-targeting agents, and hypertension: A much more complicated relationship than expected

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) relationship with hypertension is a complicated phenomenon, mainly depending on the causes of the primary liver disease and the potential for drug interactions between concomitant medications and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors. Another interesting point worth exploring is how to treat hypertension in HCC patients under anticancer multikinase inhibitor therapy and the possible impact of certain antihypertensive agents on patients’ outcome.