Design, synthesis, and antimicrobial activity of fluorophore 1,2,3-triazoles linked nicotinonitrile derivatives

Integrated Structural, Functional, and ADMET Analysis of 2-Methoxy-4,6-diphenylnicotinonitrile: The Convergence of X-ray Diffraction, Molecular Docking, Dynamic Simulations, and Advanced Computational Insights

This study systematically investigates the molecular structure and electronic properties of 2-methoxy-4,6-diphenylnicotinonitrile, employing X-ray diffraction (XRD) and sophisticated computational methodologies. XRD findings validate the compound's orthorhombic crystallization in the P21212 space group, composed of a pyridine core flanked by two phenyl rings. Utilizing the three-dimensional Hirshfeld surface, the research decodes the molecule's spatial attributes, further supported by exhaustive statistical assessments. Key interactions, such as π-π stacking and H⋯X contacts, are spotlighted, underscoring their role in the crystal's inherent stability and characteristics. Energy framework computations and density functional theory (DFT) analyses elucidate the prevailing forces in the crystal and reveal geometric optimization facets and molecular reactivity descriptors. Emphasis is given to the exploration of frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), aromaticity, and π-π stacking capacities. The research culminates in distinguishing electron density distributions, aromatic nuances, and potential reactivity hotspots, providing a holistic view of the compound's structural and electronic landscape. Concurrently, molecular docking investigates its interaction with the lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 protein. Notably, the compound showcases significant interactions with the protein's active site. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the compound's influence on protein stability and flexibility. Although the molecule exhibits strong inhibitory potential against Lp-PLA2, its drug development prospects face challenges related to solubility and interactions with drug transport proteins.

Antibacterial Activities and Molecular Docking of Novel Sulfone Biscompound Containing Bioactive 1,2,3-Triazole Moiety

In this study, a new synthetic 1,2,3-triazole-containing disulfone compound was derived from dapsone. Its chemical structure was confirmed using microchemical and analytical data, and it was tested for its in vitro antibacterial potential. Six different pathogenic bacteria were selected. MICs values and ATP levels were determined. Further, toxicity performance was measured using MicroTox Analyzer. In addition, a molecular docking study was performed against two vital enzymes: DNA gyrase and Dihydropteroate synthase. The results of antibacterial abilities showed that the studied synthetic compound had a strong bactericidal effect against all tested bacterial strains, as Gram-negative species were more susceptible to the compound than Gram-positive species. Toxicity results showed that the compound is biocompatible and safe without toxic impact. The molecular docking of the compound showed interactions within the pocket of two enzymes, which are able to stabilize the compound and reveal its antimicrobial activity. Hence, from these results, this study recommends that the established compound could be an outstanding candidate for fighting a broad spectrum of pathogenic bacterial strains, and it might therefore be used for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.

Recent accomplishments on the synthetic/biological facets of pharmacologically active 1H-1,2,3-triazoles

The continuous demand of medicinally important scaffolds has prompted the synthetic chemists to identify simple and efficient routes for their synthesis. 1H-1,2,3-triazole, obtained by highly versatile, efficacious and selective "Click Reaction" has become a synthetic/medicinal chemist's favorite not only because of its ability to mimic different functional groups but also due to enhancement in the targeted biological activities. Triazole ring has also been shown to play a critical role in biomolecular mimetics, fragment-based drug design, and bioorthogonal methodologies. In addition, the availability of triazole containing drugs such as fluconazole, furacyclin, etizolam, voriconazole, triozolam etc. in market has underscored the potential of this biologically enriched core in expediting development of new scaffolds. The present review, therefore, is an attempt to highlight the recent synthetic/biological advancements in triazole derivatives that could facilitate the in-depth understanding of its role in the drug discovery process.

Exploiting a multicomponent domino reaction strategy for the tailoring of versatile environmentally sensitive fluorophore-based nicotinonitriles incorporating pyrene and fluorene moieties

A simplistic and highly effective protocol for the synthesis of a new class of poly-functionalized innovative nicotinonitriles incorporating pyrene and/or fluorene moieties has been developed through the domino four-component condensation reaction of 1-(pyren-1-yl)ethanone/1-(9H-fluoren-2-yl)ethanone, numerous aromatic aldehydes, and 3-oxo-3-(pyren-1-yl)propanenitrile/3-(9H-fluoren-2-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile and ammonium acetate in acetic acid as a reaction medium. The advantages of this approach are the short reaction time, excellent yield, and the easy experimental workup that affords substrate diversity and operative competence under metal-free reaction conditions for the formation of C–C and C–N bonds. The substituent effects on the photophysical property-based absorption and the emission of the synthesized compounds in dichloromethane have been well-investigated. Strong absorption quenching of around 100 nm was observed when substitution of the benzene ring at the C₄-position of the pyridine moiety occurred with an electron-donating (–N(CH₃)₂) group. All of the newly synthesized nicotinonitrile derivatives showed strong blue-green fluorescence emission with maxima in the range between 420–630 nm. These highly pronounced emission spectra will help this family of compounds to find application in many areas and the field of materials science.

A simplistic and highly effective protocol for the synthesis of a new class of poly-functionalized innovative nicotinonitriles incorporating pyrene and/or fluorene moieties has been developed through the domino four-component condensation reaction.