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3,5-Dinitrobenzoate and 3,5-Dinitrobenzamide Derivatives: Mechanistic, Antifungal, and In Silico Studies. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2336175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections, including those caused by Candida spp., are recognized in immunocompromised individuals for their high rates of morbidity and mortality. Microorganism resistance to conventional drugs compromises treatment effectiveness and yet also reveals the need to develop new drugs. In many compounds, nitro groups contribute to antimicrobial activity; thus, the inhibitory activity of a collection of twenty esters and amides (derived from 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid) against Candida spp. was elucidated using microdilution methods to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicide Concentration (MFC), as well as probable mechanisms of action. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, 1H-NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. Of the tested derivatives, ten presented fungicidal activity against at least one of the tested strains. Ethyl 3,5-dinitrobenzoate (2) exhibited the most potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans (MIC = 125 µg/mL; 0.52 mM), Candida krusei (MIC = 100 µg/mL; 4.16 mM), and Candida tropicalis (MIC = 500 µg/ml; 2.08 mM). The structure of the second most potent derivative (propyl 3,5-dinitrobenzoate (3) reveals that esters with short alkyl side chains exhibit better biological activity profiles. Compounds 2 and 3 presented a mechanism of action involving the fungal cell membrane. Though compound 2 modeling against C. albicans revealed a multitarget antifungal mechanism of action, involving various cellular processes, interference in the synthesis of ergosterol was observed. Our results demonstrate that certain ester derivatives containing aromatic ring nitro groups may be useful in the search for new antifungal drugs.
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Zahran MAH, Abdin YG, Osman AMA, Gamal-Eldeen AM, Talaat RM, Pedersen EB. Synthesis and Evaluation of Thalidomide and Phthalimide Esters as Antitumor Agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2014; 347:642-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201400073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdy A. H. Zahran
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry; Menoufia University; Shebin El-Koam Egypt
| | - Yasmin G. Abdin
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry; Menoufia University; Shebin El-Koam Egypt
| | - Amany M. A. Osman
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry; Menoufia University; Shebin El-Koam Egypt
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nucleic Acid Center; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - Amira M. Gamal-Eldeen
- Cancer Biology Laboratory; Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, Biochemistry National Research Center; Dokki Cairo Egypt
| | - Roba M. Talaat
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI); Menoufiya University; Egypt
| | - Erik B. Pedersen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nucleic Acid Center; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
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Sheikh MC, Takagi S, Sakai M, Mori T, Hayashi N, Fujie T, Ono S, Yoshimura T, Morita H. Syntheses and reactivities of non-symmetrical “active ester” bi-dentate cross-linking reagents having a phthalimidoyl and acid chloride, 2-benzothiazole, or 1-benzotriazole group. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:1244-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00671h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Arrieta A, García T, Lago JM, Palomo C. Reagents and Synthetic Methods 28. Modified Procedures for Anhydrization, Esterification and Thiolesterification of Carboxylic Acids by Means of Available Phosphorus Reagents. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397918308081826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Arrieta A, Aizpurua JM, Palomo C. Reagents and Synthetic Methods 17. Phenyl-Dichlorophosphate-Dimethylformamide Complex. Direct High Yield Annelation of Imines to Alpha-Phtalimido Beta-Lactams. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397918208061934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lago JM, Arrieta A, Palomo C. Reagents and Synthetic Methods 25. A New Method for the Synthesis of Acyl Azides from Carboxylic Acids and Sodium Azide Induced by Phenyl Dichlorophosphate. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397918308066978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Arrieta A, García T, Palomo C. Reagents and Synthetic Methods 21. Thionyl Chloride /4-(N,N-Dimethylamino) Pyridine Complex. A Simple One-Pot Method for Esterification of Carboxylic Acids. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397918208065981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Müller S, Schmidt RR. Synthesis of Unique Ceramides and Cerebrosides Occurring in Human Epidermis. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19930760141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Delest B, Tisserand JY, Robert JM, Nourrisson MR, Pinson P, Duflos M, Le Baut G, Renard P, Pfeiffer B. Synthesis of 1-benzyl-8,9-dihydroimidazo[4,5-c]pyrrolo[3,2-g]quinolin-4(5H)-one via palladium-catalyzed intramolecular arylation. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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S. Feldman K, Liu Y, C. Saunders J, M. Masters K, F. Campbell R. Heterocycles in Organic Materials Chemistry. Synthesis of Di-, Tri-, and Tetraimide Polycarboxylic Acids for Use in Organic Network Assembly. HETEROCYCLES 2001. [DOI: 10.3987/com-01-9242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Control of the enantiomeric purity and correlation with the absolute configuration of N-protected 2-cyanoglycinates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(00)80429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Resolution of multifunctional carbon compounds derivated from N-protected 2-cyano glycinates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0957-4166(90)80011-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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And CL, Fields L. SULFINIC ACIDS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS. 21. PREPARATION OF CRYSTALLINE SULFINIC ESTERS 1,2. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 1989. [DOI: 10.1080/10426508908046074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Grenouillat D, Senet JP, Sennyey G. 2,2′-carbonyl-bis(3,5-dioxo-4-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidine): II-reagent for the direct esterification of carboxylic acids. Tetrahedron Lett 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)81065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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