1
|
Li LM, Wang Q, Shi JF, Li T, Zhao B, Ma QX, Liu HY, Su N, Cai RP, Zeng FL, Gong QL, Shi K, Li JM, Liu F, Du R. Seroprevalence and potential risk factors of brucellosis in sheep from America, Africa and Asia regions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Res Vet Sci 2023; 165:105048. [PMID: 37866007 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis, a neglected and global zoonotic disease, infect a variety of mammals, among which sheep are one of the main hosts. This disease results in huge economic losses and is a widespread concern around the world. RESULT Based on the selection criteria, 40 articles from 2010 to 2021 of five databases (CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed and Science Direct) reported in America, Africa and Asia were included. The data showed that during this period, the overall seroprevalence of sheep brucellosis on these three continents was 6.2%. At the regional level, sheep brucellosis had the highest seroprevalence (8.5%) in Africa and the lowest seroprevalence (1.9%) in the Americas. With regard to the age of the sheep, the seroprevalence was significantly higher in adult sheep (15.5%) than in lambs (8.6%). Further, the seroprevalence was significantly higher in sheep that had abortion (44.3%) than in pregnant (13.0%) and non-pregnant sheep (9.5%). With regard to herd size, herds with >20 sheep (35.4%) had a significantly higher seroprevalence than herds with <20 sheep (16.8%). In terms of farming and grazing mode, free-range rearing (8.4%) was associated with a significantly higher seroprevalence than intensive farming (2.8%), and mixed grazing (37.0%) was associated with a significantly higher seroprevalence than single grazing (5.7%). CONCLUSION Sheep brucellosis is widely distributed in sheep-rearing regions of America, Africa and Asia, and sheep are susceptible to brucellosis by themselves or from other infectious sources. Therefore, timely monitoring of ovine brucellosis and improving farming and grazing patterns are critical to reducing the prevalence of brucellosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Min Li
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Jun-Feng Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Bo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Qing-Xia Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Hong-Ying Liu
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Nuo Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Ruo-Peng Cai
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Fan-Li Zeng
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Qing-Long Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Kun Shi
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Jian-Ming Li
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China.
| | - Fei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China.
| | - Rui Du
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, China; Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Genital Brucella suis Biovar 2 Infection of Wild Boar ( Sus scrofa) Hunted in Tuscany (Italy). Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030582. [PMID: 33809073 PMCID: PMC7998269 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonosis caused by different Brucella species. Wild boar (Sus scrofa) could be infected by some species and represents an important reservoir, especially for B. suis biovar 2. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Brucella spp. by serological and molecular assays in wild boar hunted in Tuscany (Italy) during two hunting seasons. From 287 animals, sera, lymph nodes, livers, spleens, and reproductive system organs were collected. Within sera, 16 (5.74%) were positive to both rose bengal test (RBT) and complement fixation test (CFT), with titres ranging from 1:4 to 1:16 (corresponding to 20 and 80 ICFTU/mL, respectively). Brucella spp. DNA was detected in four lymph nodes (1.40%), five epididymides (1.74%), and one fetus pool (2.22%). All positive PCR samples belonged to Brucella suis biovar 2. The results of this investigation confirmed that wild boar represents a host for B.suis biovar. 2 and plays an important role in the epidemiology of brucellosis in central Italy. Additionally, epididymis localization confirms the possible venereal transmission.
Collapse
|
3
|
Elderbrook M, Schumaker B, Cornish T, Peck D, Sondgeroth K. Seroprevalence and risk factors of Brucella ovis in domestic sheep in Wyoming, USA. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:246. [PMID: 31307483 PMCID: PMC6631759 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1995-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brucella ovis causes a sexually transmitted, infectious disease of domestic sheep characterized by genital lesions and epididymitis in rams, placentitis and rare abortions in ewes, and neonatal mortality in lambs. This study was designed to 1) estimate animal and flock seroprevalence of B. ovis in sheep across Wyoming, USA, and 2) describe epidemiologic risk factors associated with seropositive sheep and flocks. For the animal seroprevalence estimate, 2423 blood samples were collected from sheep on 18 producer-selected operations and a questionnaire about possible risk factors was distributed. For the flock seroprevalence estimate, blood samples from 82 operations were obtained, including samples from the previous 18 operations and 64 additional operations that sent samples to the Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory for diagnostic testing. Categorical risk factors were created based on questionnaires and submission forms. Sera was analyzed using the B. ovis enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Estimated true animal and flock seroprevalence were 0.53% (95% CI: 0.21–1.01%; 22/2,423) and 22.5% (95% CI: 14–32%; 18/82), respectively. Using Fisher’s exact and Mid-p exact tests to compare apparent seroprevalence with respect to possible risk factors, increased age and breed type were risk factors associated with seropositive sheep, while region and large flock size were risk factors associated with seropositive flocks. Conclusions Results from this study suggest few sheep have been exposed to B. ovis, but many flocks contain at least one seropositive animal. Each region in Wyoming contained at least one seropositive animal and flock, emphasizing the importance of disease-free documentation before purchasing new sheep. Aged sheep (≥ 6 years of age) had the highest seroprevalence among age groups; hence, we propose the separation of young rams from older rams to help reduce disease spread outside the breeding season. Wool breeds (Rambouillet and Merino) may be less susceptible to B. ovis infection given they had the lowest animal seroprevalence of the breed types, and large flocks (> 100 breeding rams) had the highest seroprevalence of the flock size categories, likely due to more intensive management strategies that can contribute to the introduction and persistence of B. ovis infection in sheep and flocks. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-1995-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molly Elderbrook
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, WY, 82070, USA
| | - Brant Schumaker
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, WY, 82070, USA
| | - Todd Cornish
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, WY, 82070, USA
| | - Dannele Peck
- Northern Plains Climate Hub, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1701 Center Avenue , Fort Collins , CO , 80526 , USA
| | - Kerry Sondgeroth
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, WY, 82070, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Branscom LA, Cornish TE, Sondgeroth KS. Evaluation of serologic testing of rams in the management of Brucella ovis in a domestic sheep flock. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 31:86-89. [PMID: 30541385 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718814591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella ovis is a bacterial pathogen present in most major sheep-producing regions of the world. The pathogen is associated with ram infertility, decreased ewe conception rates, and premature lambs. Twenty ELISA seropositive or indeterminate rams were culled from a B. ovis-positive flock, and donated to the Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory for evaluation of infection. Tissues from each ram were collected at autopsy for additional testing, including bacterial culture, PCR, and histopathology. Of 17 seropositive rams, 11 rams were also positive by culture and PCR, and had evidence of mild histologic lesions; 1 seropositive ram was positive by culture with mild histologic lesions, but negative by PCR. Five seropositive rams were negative by culture and PCR and had no histologic lesions. Three indeterminate rams were negative by culture and by PCR and had no histologic lesions. The tissues in which B. ovis was most often detected included the epididymis, vesicular gland, and ampulla. Although this was a small study, the observation that 5 of 17 (29%) rams that were initially seropositive had no evidence of infection is interesting. A convalescent test for valuable seropositive animals prior to culling may be useful, and reproductive tissues may be evaluated postmortem if confirmatory testing is desired.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A Branscom
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY
| | - Todd E Cornish
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY
| | - Kerry S Sondgeroth
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Diseases Primarily Affecting the Reproductive System. Vet Med (Auckl) 2017. [PMCID: PMC7150237 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-5246-0.00018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
6
|
Reichel MP, Lanyon SR, Hill FI. Moving past serology: Diagnostic options without serum. Vet J 2016; 215:76-81. [PMID: 27160006 PMCID: PMC7110768 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Traditional serology has moved beyond blood as a test medium. A number of different samples and tissues are now frequently used in veterinary diagnosis. Testing can be robust and accurate and opens up the field to a variety of new opportunities. Molecular testing allows direct testing for the agent on a variety of tissues and samples, and pools. Pooling of samples can allow for more efficient and cost-effective testing.
Detecting antibodies formed in serum in response to infection is the traditional function of serology. Diagnostic modalities have included complement fixation tests, agar gel immune-diffusion, radioimmunoassay, ELISA and immunofluorescence. More recent technology now allows for the direct detection of pathogens by PCR. This review details the options for diagnostic testing using specimen types other than serum, identifying the advantages and disadvantages of these options and providing evidence for more widespread use of these techniques and specimen types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Reichel
- School of Veterinary Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5371, Australia.
| | - Sasha R Lanyon
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5371, Australia
| | - Fraser I Hill
- Gribbles Veterinary, PO Box 536, Palmerston North 4440, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Objective of the present paper is to review microbial diseases of the genital system of male small ruminants. The paper reviews the infections and the diseases by taking an organ approach within the genital system, whilst relevant health management actions are also discussed. Diseases of the genital organs of male small ruminants include orchitis, of bacterial or viral aetiology, epididymitis, primarily caused by Brucella ovis, by other bacteria as well (e.g., Actinobacillus seminis, Haemophilus somni), infections of the accessory glands, orf, other infections of the penis or prepuce and infections of the scrotum. The health management of rams/bucks include the appropriate diagnostic investigations, the relevant therapeutic approaches and, finally, the preventive measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P G Gouletsou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece.
| | - G C Fthenakis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Picard-Hagen N, Berthelot X, Champion JL, Eon L, Lyazrhi F, Marois M, Peglion M, Schuster A, Trouche C, Garin-Bastuji B. Contagious epididymitis due to Brucella ovis: relationship between sexual function, serology and bacterial shedding in semen. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:125. [PMID: 26025374 PMCID: PMC4449566 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contagious Epididymitis (CE) due to Brucella ovis (B. ovis) is a contagious disease that impairs rams' fertility due to epididymis, testicle and accessory sexual gland alterations. An increased incidence of CE has been observed in South Eastern France ("PACA" region) since the Rev.1 vaccination against B. melitensis has been stopped in 2008. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the infection by B. ovis and the sexual function of rams. Two-hundred eighteen sexually-mature rams, from 11 seropositive flocks, were submitted to a clinical examination of the genital tract, a semen collection by electro-ejaculation for spermogram and culture, and a serological examination for anti-B. ovis antibodies by complement fixation test (CFT) and indirect ELISA (I-ELISA). The relationships between clinical, seminal, bacteriological and serological parameters were studied using the Fisher exact test and a logistic regression model (binomial logit). RESULTS B. ovis shedding in semen was significantly associated with seropositivity (CFT and I-ELISA; p < 0.001 and 0.01 respectively), genital tract alterations (p < 0.05) and poor semen quality (p < 0.001). Seropositive rams presented significantly more genital tract alterations (p < 0.001) and a poor seminal score (p < 0.001) than seronegative rams. CONCLUSIONS Since semen culture is not routinely feasible in field conditions, a control plan of CE should be based, where Rev.1 vaccination is not possible, on both systematic clinical and serological examination of rams, followed by the culling of seropositive and/or genital tract alterations carrier rams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Picard-Hagen
- Université de Toulouse, INP-ENVT, UMR 1331-Toxalim, F-31076, Toulouse, France.
| | - Xavier Berthelot
- Université de Toulouse, INP-ENVT, UMR 1225-IHAP and UMT Maîtrise de la santé des troupeaux de petits ruminants, F-31076, Toulouse, France.
| | - Jean Luc Champion
- Groupement de Défense Sanitaire des Alpes de Haute Provence, F-04000, Digne les Bains, France.
| | - Laure Eon
- Groupement de Défense Sanitaire des Bouches du Rhône, F-13626, Aix en Provence, France.
| | - Faouzi Lyazrhi
- Université de Toulouse, INP-ENVT, Unité de Biostatistiques, F-31076, Toulouse, France.
| | - Maxime Marois
- Groupement de Défense Sanitaire des Alpes de Haute Provence, F-04000, Digne les Bains, France.
| | - Marceline Peglion
- Fédération Régionale des Groupements de Défense Sanitaire Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur, F-04100, Manosque, France.
| | - Aude Schuster
- Université de Toulouse, INP-ENVT, UMR 1225-IHAP and UMT Maîtrise de la santé des troupeaux de petits ruminants, F-31076, Toulouse, France.
| | - Christel Trouche
- Université de Toulouse, INP-ENVT, UMR 1225-IHAP and UMT Maîtrise de la santé des troupeaux de petits ruminants, F-31076, Toulouse, France.
| | - Bruno Garin-Bastuji
- Paris-Est University/French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), EU/OIE/FAO Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, 94701, Maisons-Alfort, France. .,Present Address: ANSES, European & International Affairs Department, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|