Metabolism of 26,27-hexafluoro-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 26,27-hexafluoro-1 alpha,23(S)25-trihydroxyvitamin D3 in ROS17/2.8 cells transfected with a plasmid expressing CYP24

[Pharmacological action and clinical effects of falecalcitriol, a highly potent derivative of active vitamin D3]

Much effort has been made to create highly potentiated active vitamin D for better clinical applications and falecalcitriol was successfully synthesized as one of such candidates with highly potent and long-lasting effects. Its chemical structure has a calcitriol side chain modification in which both methyls at positions C-26 and C-27 are substituted by tri-fluoromethyls. The mechanism for its strong and long-lasting effects is probably due to altered side chain metabolism and decreased inactivation. Although C-24 position hydroxylation catalyzed by Cyp24 inactivates calcitriol, falecarcitriol is metabolized to C-23S hydroxylated metabolite by the same enzyme Cyp24 and this metabolite still has strong activity. Stronger action of falecalcitriol has been shown in target organs or cells of active vitamin D such as bone, parathyroid cells, and keratinocytes, when compared with calcitriol, the endogenous active form of vitamin D. Daily oral administration of falecalcitriol at doses lower than those required for calcitriol has been shown to have clinical effects for the treatment of diseases such as hyperparathyroidism due to chronic renal failure (2 degrees HPT), rickets, osteomalacia and hypoparathyroidism. The comparative study with alfacalcidol showed its specific action on parathyroid hormone suppression and better improvement of bone metabolism markers in 2 degrees HPT patients.

Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data

This chapter is an update of the data on substrates, reactions, inducers, and inhibitors of human CYP enzymes published previously by Rendic and DiCarlo (1), now covering selection of the literature through 2001 in the reference section. The data are presented in a tabular form (Table 1) to provide a framework for predicting and interpreting the new P450 metabolic data. The data are formatted in an Excel format as most suitable for off-line searching and management of the Web-database. The data are presented as stated by the author(s) and in the case when several references are cited the data are presented according to the latest published information. The searchable database is available either as an Excel file (for information contact the author), or as a Web-searchable database (Human P450 Metabolism Database, www.gentest.com) enabling the readers easy and quick approach to the latest updates on human CYP metabolic reactions.