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Uno Y, Shimizu M, Yamazaki H. A variety of cytochrome P450 enzymes and flavin-containing monooxygenases in dogs and pigs commonly used as preclinical animal models. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116124. [PMID: 38490520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Drug oxygenation is mainly mediated by cytochromes P450 (P450s, CYPs) and flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs). Polymorphic variants of P450s and FMOs are known to influence drug metabolism. Species differences exist in terms of drug metabolism and can be important when determining the contributions of individual enzymes. The success of research into drug-metabolizing enzymes and their impacts on drug discovery and development has been remarkable. Dogs and pigs are often used as preclinical animal models. This research update provides information on P450 and FMO enzymes in dogs and pigs and makes comparisons with their human enzymes. Newly identified dog CYP3A98, a testosterone 6β- and estradiol 16α-hydroxylase, is abundantly expressed in small intestine and is likely the major CYP3A enzyme in small intestine, whereas dog CYP3A12 is the major CYP3A enzyme in liver. The roles of recently identified dog CYP2J2 and pig CYP2J33/34/35 were investigated. FMOs have been characterized in humans and several other species including dogs and pigs. P450 and FMO family members have been characterized also in cynomolgus macaques and common marmosets. P450s have industrial applications and have been the focus of attention of many pharmaceutical companies. The techniques used to investigate the roles of P450/FMO enzymes in drug oxidation and clinical treatments have not yet reached maturity and require further development. The findings summarized here provide a foundation for understanding individual pharmacokinetic and toxicological results in dogs and pigs as preclinical models and will help to further support understanding of the molecular mechanisms of human P450/FMO functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Makiko Shimizu
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.
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Uno Y, Noda Y, Morikuni S, Murayama N, Yamazaki H. Liver microsomal cytochrome P450 3A-dependent drug oxidation activities in individual dogs. Xenobiotica 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37144920 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2023.2211673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug oxidations are mediated mainly by cytochromes P450 (P450s or CYPs). CYP3As are an important P450 subfamily and include liver-specific CYP3A12 and intestine-specific CYP3A98 in dogs. Individual differences in drug oxidation activities were investigated, including correlations with immunoreactive CYP3A protein intensities and CYP3A mRNA expression levels in liver microsomes.Pooled and individual dog liver microsomes showed activities toward nifedipine, midazolam, alprazolam, and estradiol, but the levels of catalytic activities varied approximately twofold among the individual dogs. One dog harbored a CYP1A2 variant causing protein deletion, but showed higher activities than the other dogs toward nifedipine oxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation, alprazolam 4-hydroxylation, estradiol 16α-hydroxylation activities, and caffeine C8-hydroxylation; the latter is used as a reference reaction for CYP1A.In individual dog liver microsomes, the intensities of the immunochemical bands with anti-human CYP3A4 and anti-rat CYP3A2 antibodies along with CYP3A12 and CYP3A26 mRNA expression levels showed good correlations (p < 0.05) with nifedipine oxidation, midazolam 1'- and 4-hydroxylation, alprazolam 1'- and 4-hydroxylation, and estradiol 16α-hydroxylation activities.These results suggest that the oxidation activities of dog liver microsomes toward nifedipine and other typical CYP3A-catalyzed drugs exhibit approximately twofold individual differences and were predominantly mediated by liver-specific CYP3A12 in the dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yutaro Noda
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Saho Morikuni
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Norie Murayama
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
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Uno Y, Jikuya S, Noda Y, Murayama N, Yamazaki H. A Comprehensive Investigation of Dog Cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) Reveals a Functional Role of Newly Identified CYP3A98 in Small Intestine. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:38-45. [PMID: 35772769 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs are frequently used in drug metabolism studies, and their important drug-metabolizing enzymes, including cytochromes P450 (P450), have been analyzed. In humans, CYP3A4 is an especially important P450 due to its abundance and major roles in liver and intestine. In the present study, dog CYP3A98 and CYP3A99 were identified and characterized, along with previously identified CYP3A12 and CYP3A26. The dog CYP3A cDNAs contained open reading frames of 503 amino acids and shared high sequence identity (78%-80%) with human CYP3As. Among the dog CYP3A mRNAs, CYP3A98 mRNA was expressed most abundantly in small intestine. In contrast, dog CYP3A12 and CYP3A26 mRNAs were expressed in liver, where CYP3A12 mRNA was the most abundant. The four CYP3A genes had similar gene structures and formed a gene cluster in the dog and human genomes. Metabolic assays of dog CYP3A proteins heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli indicated that the dog CYP3As tested were functional enzymes with respect to typical human CYP3A4 substrates. Dog CYP3A98 efficiently catalyzed oxidations of nifedipine, alprazolam, and midazolam, indicating major roles of CYP3A98 in the small intestine. Dog CYP3A12 and CYP3A26 metabolizing nifedipine and/or midazolam would play roles in these reactions in the liver. In contrast, dog CYP3A99 showed minimal mRNA expression and minimal metabolic activity, and its contribution to overall drug metabolism is, therefore, negligible. These results indicated that newly identified dog CYP3A98, a testosterone 6 β - and estradiol 16 α -hydroxylase, was abundantly expressed in the small intestine and is likely the major CYP3A in the small intestine in combination with liver-specific CYP3A12. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Novel dog cytochromes P450 3A98 (CYP3A98) and CYP3A99 were identified and characterized to be functional and highly identical to human CYP3A4. Known CYP3A12 and new CYP3A98 efficiently catalyzed estradiol 16α-hydroxylation and midazolam 1'-hydroxylation. CYP3A98 mRNA was expressed in small intestine, whereas CYP3A12 mRNA was predominant in liver. Dog hepatic CYP3A12 and intestinal CYP3A98 are the enzymes likely responsible for the metabolic clearances of orally administered drugs, unlike human CYP3A4/5, which are in both the liver and intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Y.U., S.J.) and Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan (Y.N., N.M., H.Y.)
| | - Shiori Jikuya
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Y.U., S.J.) and Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan (Y.N., N.M., H.Y.)
| | - Yutaro Noda
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Y.U., S.J.) and Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan (Y.N., N.M., H.Y.)
| | - Norie Murayama
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Y.U., S.J.) and Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan (Y.N., N.M., H.Y.)
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Y.U., S.J.) and Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan (Y.N., N.M., H.Y.)
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Okamatsu G, Kawakami K, Komatsu T, Kitazawa T, Uno Y, Teraoka H. Functional expression and comparative characterization of four feline P450 cytochromes using fluorescent substrates. Xenobiotica 2016; 47:951-961. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1257172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaku Okamatsu
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan and
| | - Kei Kawakami
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan and
| | - Tetsuya Komatsu
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan and
| | - Takio Kitazawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan and
| | - Yasuhiro Uno
- Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Ltd., Kainan, Japan
| | - Hiroki Teraoka
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan and
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Rua F, Sadeghi SJ, Castrignanò S, Valetti F, Gilardi G. Electrochemistry of Canis familiaris cytochrome P450 2D15 with gold nanoparticles: An alternative to animal testing in drug discovery. Bioelectrochemistry 2015; 105:110-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Howard JT, O’Nan AT, Maltecca C, Baynes RE, Ashwell MS. Differential Gene Expression across Breed and Sex in Commercial Pigs Administered Fenbendazole and Flunixin Meglumine. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137830. [PMID: 26366864 PMCID: PMC4569569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the variability in transcript levels across breeds and sex in swine for genes that play a role in drug metabolism may shed light on breed and sex differences in drug metabolism. The objective of the study is to determine if there is heterogeneity between swine breeds and sex in transcript levels for genes previously shown to play a role in drug metabolism for animals administered flunixin meglumine or fenbendazole. Crossbred nursery female and castrated male pigs (n = 169) spread across 5 groups were utilized. Sires (n = 15) of the pigs were purebred Duroc, Landrace, Yorkshire or Hampshire boars mated to a common sow population. Animals were randomly placed into the following treatments: no drug (control), flunixin meglumine, or fenbendazole. One hour after the second dosing, animals were sacrificed and liver samples collected. Quantitative Real-Time PCR was used to measure liver gene expression of the following genes: SULT1A1, ABCB1, CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP3A22 and CYP3A29. The control animals were used to investigate baseline transcript level differences across breed and sex. Post drug administration transcript differences across breed and sex were investigated by comparing animals administered the drug to the controls. Contrasts to determine fold change were constructed from a model that included fixed and random effects within each drug. Significant (P-value <0.007) basal transcript differences were found across breeds for SULT1A1, CYP3A29 and CYP3A22. Across drugs, significant (P-value <0.0038) transcript differences existed between animals given a drug and controls across breeds and sex for ABCB1, PS and CYP1A2. Significant (P <0.0038) transcript differences across breeds were found for CYP2E1 and SULT1A1 for flunixin meglumine and fenbendazole, respectively. The current analysis found transcript level differences across swine breeds and sex for multiple genes, which provides greater insight into the relationship between flunixin meglumine and fenbendazole and known drug metabolizing genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy T. Howard
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Audrey T. O’Nan
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Christian Maltecca
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Ronald E. Baynes
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, Center for Chemical Toxicology and Research Pharmacokinetics, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Melissa S. Ashwell
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tydén E, Tjälve H, Larsson P. Gene and protein expression and cellular localisation of cytochrome P450 enzymes of the 1A, 2A, 2C, 2D and 2E subfamilies in equine intestine and liver. Acta Vet Scand 2014; 56:69. [PMID: 25288196 PMCID: PMC4192735 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-014-0069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP), families 1-3 constitute almost half of total CYPs in mammals and play a central role in metabolism of a wide range of pharmaceuticals. This study investigated gene and protein expression and cellular localisation of CYP1A, CYP2A, CYP2C, CYP2D and CYP2E in equine intestine and liver. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyse gene expression, western blot to examine protein expression and immunohistochemical analyses to investigate cellular localisation. RESULTS CYP1A and CYP2C were the CYPs with the highest gene expression in the intestine and also showed considerable gene expression in the liver. CYP2E and CYP2A showed the highest gene expression in the liver. CYP2E showed moderate intestinal gene expression, whereas that of CYP2A was very low or undetectable. For CYP2D, rather low gene expression levels were found in both intestine and the liver. In the intestine, CYP gene expression levels, except for CYP2E, exhibited patterns resembling those of the proteins, indicating that intestinal protein expression of these CYPs is regulated at the transcriptional level. For CYP2E, the results showed that the intestinal gene expression did not correlate to any visible protein expression, indicating that intestinal protein expression of this CYP is regulated at the post-transcriptional level. Immunostaining of intestine tissue samples showed preferential CYP staining in enterocytes at the tips of intestinal villi in the small intestine. In the liver, all CYPs showed preferential localisation in the centrilobular hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS Overall, different gene expression profiles were displayed by the CYPs examined in equine intestine and liver. The CYPs present in the intestine may act in concert with those in the liver to affect the oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency of substrate drugs. In addition, they may play a role in first-pass metabolism of feed constituents and of herbal supplements used in equine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tydén
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Division of Pathology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Tjälve
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Division of Pathology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pia Larsson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Division of Pathology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Heikkinen AT, Friedlein A, Matondo M, Hatley OJD, Petsalo A, Juvonen R, Galetin A, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Aebersold R, Lamerz J, Dunkley T, Cutler P, Parrott N. Quantitative ADME Proteomics – CYP and UGT Enzymes in the Beagle Dog Liver and Intestine. Pharm Res 2014; 32:74-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1446-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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9
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Sjögren E, Abrahamsson B, Augustijns P, Becker D, Bolger MB, Brewster M, Brouwers J, Flanagan T, Harwood M, Heinen C, Holm R, Juretschke HP, Kubbinga M, Lindahl A, Lukacova V, Münster U, Neuhoff S, Nguyen MA, Peer AV, Reppas C, Hodjegan AR, Tannergren C, Weitschies W, Wilson C, Zane P, Lennernäs H, Langguth P. In vivo methods for drug absorption – Comparative physiologies, model selection, correlations with in vitro methods (IVIVC), and applications for formulation/API/excipient characterization including food effects. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 57:99-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Nishimuta H, Nakagawa T, Nomura N, Yabuki M. Species differences in hepatic and intestinal metabolic activities for 43 human cytochrome P450 substrates between humans and rats or dogs. Xenobiotica 2013; 43:948-55. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2013.787155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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11
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Martinez MN, Antonovic L, Court M, Dacasto M, Fink-Gremmels J, Kukanich B, Locuson C, Mealey K, Myers MJ, Trepanier L. Challenges in exploring the cytochrome P450 system as a source of variation in canine drug pharmacokinetics. Drug Metab Rev 2013; 45:218-30. [DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2013.765445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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12
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Haritova AM, Krastev SZ, Santos RR, Schrickx JA, Fink-Gremmels J. ABC Transporters in the Eyes of Dogs and Implications in Drug Therapy. Curr Eye Res 2013; 38:271-7. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2012.754903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Lind DL, Fidel JL, Gay JM, Mealey KL. Evaluation of vincristine-associated myelosuppression in Border Collies. Am J Vet Res 2013; 74:257-61. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.2.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Liver. CANINE AND FELINE GASTROENTEROLOGY 2013. [PMCID: PMC7161409 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-3661-6.00061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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15
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Haller S, Schuler F, Lazic SE, Bachir-Cherif D, Krämer SD, Parrott NJ, Steiner G, Belli S. Expression Profiles of Metabolic Enzymes and Drug Transporters in the Liver and along the Intestine of Beagle Dogs. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:1603-10. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.045443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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TYDÉN E, LÖFGREN M, PEGOLO S, CAPOLONGO F, TJÄLVE H, LARSSON P. Differential gene expression of CYP3A isoforms in equine liver and intestines. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35:588-95. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2012.01379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Komura H, Iwaki M. In vitro and in vivo small intestinal metabolism of CYP3A and UGT substrates in preclinical animals species and humans: species differences. Drug Metab Rev 2011; 43:476-98. [PMID: 21859377 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2011.597401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal first-pass metabolism has a great impact on the bioavailability of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A) and/or uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP)-glucoronosyltranferase (UGT) substrates in humans. In vitro and in vivo intestinal metabolism studies are essential for clarifying pharmacokinetics in animal species and for predicting the effects of human intestinal metabolism. We review species differences in intestinal metabolism both in vitro and in vivo. Based on mRNA expression levels, the major intestinal CYP3A isoform is CYP3A4 for humans, CYP3A4 (3A8) for monkeys, CYP3A9 for rats, cyp3a13 for mice, and CYP3A12 for dogs. Additionally, the intestinal-specific UGT would be UGT1A10 for humans, UGT1A8 for monkeys, and UGT1A7 for rats. In vitro and in vivo intestinal metabolism of CYP3A substrates were larger in monkeys than in humans, although a correlation in intestinal availability between monkeys and humans has been reported. Little information is available regarding species differences in in vitro and in vivo UGT activities; however, UGT-mediated in vivo intestinal metabolism has been demonstrated for raloxifene in humans and for baicalein in rats. Further assessment of intestinal metabolism, particularly for UGT substrates, is required to clarify the entire picture of species differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Komura
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan.
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18
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mRNA expression profiles of P450 3A enzymes in the liver and small intestine of the domestic pig. Res Vet Sci 2011; 93:360-5. [PMID: 21752411 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 (P450) 3A family is considered to be the most important and abundantly expressed P450 subfamily in mammals. The mRNA expression levels of four P450 3A enzymes in porcine liver and small intestine were investigated using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of P450 3A mRNAs (P450 3A pool) was higher in the liver than that in the small intestine. In the small intestine, the P450 3A mRNAs were gradually decreased from the duodenum to the ileum. P450 3A29 and P450 3A22 were predominantly expressed both in liver and small intestine tissues with larger ratios in the P450 3A pool than the other P450 3A enzymes. These results demonstrate that P450 3A29 and P450 3A22 probably serve as the major P450 3A contributors for both the hepatic and intestinal P450 3A pool. This work provides a deeper comprehension of the contribution of P450 3A enzymes to xenobiotic metabolism in pigs.
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Honda K, Komatsu T, Koyama F, Kubota A, Kawakami K, Asakura H, Uno Y, Kitazawa T, Hiraga T, Teraoka H. Expression of two novel cytochrome P450 3A131 and 3A132 in liver and small intestine of domestic cats. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 73:1489-92. [PMID: 21712641 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) is the major subfamily of CYP, one of the most important metabolizing enzymes for drugs in humans and other mammals. We found two novel CYP3A genes, CYP3A131 and CYP3A132 in domestic cats (Felis catus). Both feline CYP3A proteins consist of 504 deduced amino acids and show high identity with canine CYP3A homologues and those of some artiodactyls. CYP3A131 transcripts were expressed predominantly in liver and small intestine, and to a negligible extent in other tissues, including brain, heart, kidney and lung. CYP3A132 expression was only detected in liver with much lesser amount. These results suggest the possible major role of CYP3A131 in xenobiotic metabolism including first-pass effects in domestic cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Honda
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069–8501, Japan
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Comparison of the substrate kinetics of pig CYP3A29 with pig liver microsomes and human CYP3A4. Biosci Rep 2011; 31:211-20. [DOI: 10.1042/bsr20100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP (cytochrome P450) 3A29 in pigs could be an important candidate gene responsible for xenobiotic metabolism, similar to CYP3A4 in humans. Accordingly, the tissue expression of CYP3A29 mRNA in domestic pigs has been determined by a real-time PCR. The enzymatic properties of CYP3A29, CYP3A4 and PLM (pig liver microsomes) were compared by kinetic analysis of TST (testosterone) 6β-hydroxylation and NIF (nifedipine) oxidation. CYP3A29 mRNA was highly expressed in the liver and small intestines of domestic pigs. The CYP3A29 enzyme expressed in Sf9 cells had the same TST-metabolizing activity as human CYP3A4 based on their roughly equal in vitro intrinsic clearance values. The affinity of CYP3A29 for NIF was lower than that of CYP3A4 but higher than that of PLM. KET (ketoconazole) was a more potent inhibitor of TST 6β-hydroxylation and NIF oxidation activities of CYP3A29 than TAO (troleandomycin). These findings indicate that pig CYP3A29 is similar to human CYP3A4 in both extent of expression and activity. The results reported in this paper provide a basis for future in vitro toxicity and metabolism studies.
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Mills BM, Zaya MJ, Walters RR, Feenstra KL, White JA, Gagne J, Locuson CW. Current Cytochrome P450 Phenotyping Methods Applied to Metabolic Drug-Drug Interaction Prediction in Dogs. Drug Metab Dispos 2009; 38:396-404. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.109.030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Shang H, Yang J, Liu Y, Wei H. Tissue distribution of CYP3A29 mRNA expression in Bama miniature pig by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Xenobiotica 2009; 39:423-9. [DOI: 10.1080/00498250902825363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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