Brief Reports

The Caffeine Controversy: Effects on Endurance and Cholesterol

In brief: Many endurance athletes use caffeine to enhance performance. This analysis of caffeine, endurance, and cholesterol considers whether and how caffeine is an ergogenic aid. It reviews the mechanisms of action and the pharmacological effects of caffeine; highlights eight studies of caffeine and exercise; surveys new research on exercise metabolism, coffee, cholesterol, and heart-attack risk; and offers a perspective on coffee consumption by athletes. The literature indicates that although caffeine in moderation is probably harmless, it does not predictably enhance performance, and the regular, heavy consumption of coffee may raise blood cholesterol and increase the risk of heart attack. Thus, coffee cannot be recommended for athletes.

The Medical Aspects of Boxing

In brief: Whether boxing should be banned is one of the most controversial topics in sports today. In this round table discussion the participating physicians present their views from a medical standpoint. The safety of boxers is influenced by teaching methods, rules and their enforcement, equipment, prebout and postbout physical examinations, requalifying injured boxers, common boxing injuries and their long-term effects, and preventing injury.