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Shaheen R, Yasin T, Ali Z, Khan AS, Adalat B, Tahir M, Khan SB. Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorptive Characteristics of Radiation-Grafted Glycidyl Methacrylate Bamboo Fiber Composites. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:38849-38859. [PMID: 37901518 PMCID: PMC10601089 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a biosorbent was prepared through the radiation-induced graft polymerization (RIGP) technique by using a glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) monomer. Functionalized bamboo materials were used for grafting. The grafting percentage (G %) of GMA on bamboo fibers was assessed based on the optimization of the absorbed dose and concentration of the monomer. The chemical modification of the polymerized product into the sulfonated form of the grafted biopolymer was carried out by using sodium sulfite solution. The modification of the biopolymer at various stages was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. By performing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the morphological changes of the prepared biopolymer were analyzed. The temperature stability of the synthesized material was assessed by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) technique. The prepared sulfonated biosorbent was used in the batch adsorption study for the uptake of copper. We examined a variety of variables, including pH, adsorbent dosage, and time. The adsorption kinetics were studied using pseudo-first-order (PFO) and pseudo-second-order (PSO) models. Adsorption isotherms and thermodynamic parameters were also applied to study the adsorption capacity of the biosorbent. The maximum copper adsorption capacity was found to be 198 mg g-1 from the Langmuir isotherm. Copper adsorption followed PSO kinetics (R2 = 0.999). This inexpensive and eco-friendly biosorbent removed 96% of copper ions from the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqayya Shaheen
- Department
of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Yasin
- Department
of Chemistry, Pakistan Institute of Engineering
and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), PO Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Zarshad Ali
- Department
of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Amir Sada Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and
Technology, Bannu 28100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Bushra Adalat
- Department
of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Tahir
- Department
of Chemistry, Pakistan Institute of Engineering
and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), PO Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Sher Bahadar Khan
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz
University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Plant-Based Natural Fibre Reinforced Composites: A Review on Fabrication, Properties and Applications. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10100973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The increasing global environmental concerns and awareness of renewable green resources is continuously expanding the demand for eco-friendly, sustainable and biodegradable natural fibre reinforced composites (NFRCs). Natural fibres already occupy an important place in the composite industry due to their excellent physicochemical and mechanical properties. Natural fibres are biodegradable, biocompatible, eco-friendly and created from renewable resources. Therefore, they are extensively used in place of expensive and non-renewable synthetic fibres, such as glass fibre, carbon fibre and aramid fibre, in many applications. Additionally, the NFRCs are used in automobile, aerospace, personal protective clothing, sports and medical industries as alternatives to the petroleum-based materials. To that end, in the last few decades numerous studies have been carried out on the natural fibre reinforced composites to address the problems associated with the reinforcement fibres, polymer matrix materials and composite fabrication techniques in particular. There are still some drawbacks to the natural fibre reinforced composites (NFRCs)—for example, poor interfacial adhesion between the fibre and the polymer matrix, and poor mechanical properties of the NFRCs due to the hydrophilic nature of the natural fibres. An up-to-date holistic review facilitates a clear understanding of the behaviour of the composites along with the constituent materials. This article intends to review the research carried out on the natural fibre reinforced composites over the last few decades. Furthermore, up-to-date encyclopaedic information about the properties of the NFRCs, major challenges and potential measures to overcome those challenges along with their prospective applications have been exclusively illustrated in this review work. Natural fibres are created from plant, animal and mineral-based sources. The plant-based cellulosic natural fibres are more economical than those of the animal-based fibres. Besides, these pose no health issues, unlike mineral-based fibres. Hence, in this review, the NFRCs fabricated with the plant-based cellulosic fibres are the main focus.
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Controlled mercerization of bacterial cellulose provides tunability of modulus and ductility over two orders of magnitude. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 90:530-537. [PMID: 30469131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Effects of mercerization process on plant-based cellulose is well studied in the literature whereas the effects of mercerization on mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose is not investigated. In this work bacterial cellulose (BC) was mercerized in NaOH solution with different molar concentrations of 0, 1.50, 1.75, 2.00, 2.13, 2.25, 5.00, 7.00 and 10.00 M. The BC samples shrunk substantially with increasing NaOH concentration. At the same concentration, NaOH treatment resulted in significantly larger shrinkage than KOH treatment. Mercerization of BC samples in 7 M NaOH resulted in an order of magnitude increase in elongation from 5.4 ± 1.6% to 50.8 ± 5.7% along with about 30-fold reduction in Young's modulus. Mercerized samples in 4 M NaOH had maximum toughness among all groups at a value of 64.0 ± 15.8 MJ m-3. Changes in BC crystalline structure from cellulose I to cellulose II were characterized and confirmed semiquantitatively by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Results of this work demonstrated mercerization as a method to tune the mechanical properties of BC precisely. Mercerized BC as a biocompatible material with tunable mechanical properties shows potential to be utilized in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in the future.
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Chou SF, Luo LJ, Lai JY. Gallic acid grafting effect on delivery performance and antiglaucoma efficacy of antioxidant-functionalized intracameral pilocarpine carriers. Acta Biomater 2016; 38:116-28. [PMID: 27130273 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Functionalization of therapeutic carrier biomaterials can potentially provide additional benefits in drug delivery for disease treatment. Given that this modification determines final therapeutic efficacy of drug carriers, here, we investigate systematically the role of grafting amount of antioxidant gallic acid (GA) onto GN in situ gelling copolymers made of biodegradable gelatin and thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) for intracameral delivery of pilocarpine in antiglaucoma treatment. As expected, increasing redox reaction time increased total antioxidant activities and free radical scavenging abilities of synthesized carrier biomaterials. The hydrophilic nature of antioxidant molecules strongly affected physicochemical properties of carrier materials with varying GA grafting amounts, thereby dictating in vitro release behaviors and mechanisms of pilocarpine. In vitro oxidative stress challenges revealed that biocompatible carriers with high GA content alleviated lens epithelial cell damage and reduced reactive oxygen species. Intraocular pressure and pupil diameter in glaucomatous rabbits showed correlations with GA-mediated release of pilocarpine. Additionally, enhanced pharmacological treatment effects prevented corneal endothelial cell loss during disease progression. Increasing GA content increased total antioxidant level and decreased nitrite level in the aqueous humor, suggesting a much improved antioxidant status in glaucomatous eyes. This work significantly highlights the dependence of physicochemical properties, drug release behaviors, and bioactivities on intrinsic antioxidant capacities of therapeutic carrier biomaterials for glaucoma treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Development of injectable biodegradable polymer depots and functionalization of carrier biomaterials with antioxidant can potentially provide benefits such as improved bioavailability, controlled release pattern, and increased therapeutic effect in intracameral pilocarpine administration for glaucoma treatment. For the first time, this study demonstrated that the biodegradable in situ gelling copolymers can incorporate different levels of antioxidant gallic acid to tailor the structure-property-function relationship of the intracameral drug delivery system. The systematic evaluation fully verified the dependence of phase transition, degradation behavior, drug release mechanism, and antiglaucoma efficacy on intrinsic antioxidant capacities of carrier biomaterials. The report highlights the significant role of grafting amount of gallic acid in optimizing performance of antioxidant-functionalized polymer therapeutics as new drug delivery platforms in disease treatment.
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Singha AS, Priya B, Pathania D. Cornstarch/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Biocomposite Blend Films: Mechanical Properties, Thermal Behavior, Fire Retardancy, and Antibacterial Activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2015.1018491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sharma S, Nair SS, Zhang Z, Ragauskas AJ, Deng Y. Characterization of micro fibrillation process of cellulose and mercerized cellulose pulp. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09068g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of cellulose I and cellulose II on the microfibrillation process and final properties of MFC were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Sharma
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- Atlanta
- USA
| | | | - Zhe Zhang
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- Atlanta
- USA
| | | | - Yulin Deng
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- Atlanta
- USA
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Paukszta D, Borysiak S. The Influence of Processing and the Polymorphism of Lignocellulosic Fillers on the Structure and Properties of Composite Materials-A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 6:2747-2767. [PMID: 28811406 PMCID: PMC5521229 DOI: 10.3390/ma6072747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose is the most important and the most abundant plant natural polymer. It shows a number of interesting properties including those making it attractive as a filler of composite materials with a thermoplastic polymer matrix. Production of such composite materials, meeting the standards of green technology, has increased from 0.36 million tons in 2007 to 2.33 million tons in 2012. It is predicted that by 2020 their production will reach 3.45 million tons. Production of biocomposites with lignocellulosic components poses many problems that should be addressed. This paper is a review of the lignocellulosic materials currently used as polymer fillers. First, the many factors determining the macroscopic properties of such composites are described, with particular attention paid to the poor interphase adhesion between the polymer matrix and a lignocellulosic filler and to the effects of cellulose occurrence in polymorphic varieties. The phenomenon of cellulose polymorphism is very important from the point of view of controlling the nucleation abilities of the lignocellulosic filler and hence the mechanical properties of composites. Macroscopic properties of green composites depend also on the parameters of processing which determine the magnitude and range of shearing forces. The influence of shearing forces appearing upon processing the supermolecular structure of the polymer matrix is also discussed. An important problem from the viewpoint of ecology is the possibility of composite recycling which should be taken into account at the design stage. The methods for recycling of the composites made of thermoplastic polymers filled with renewable lignocellulosic materials are presented and discussed. This paper is a review prepared on the basis of currently available literature which describes the many aspects of the problems related to the possibility of using lignocellulosic components for production of composites with polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Paukszta
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Sklodowskiej-Curie 1, Poznan 60-965, Poland.
| | - Slawomir Borysiak
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Sklodowskiej-Curie 1, Poznan 60-965, Poland.
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Kalia S, Vashistha S. Surface Modification of Sisal Fibers Using Cellulase and Microwave-Assisted Grafting: A Study of Morphology, Crystallinity, and Thermal Stability. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2011.617342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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El-Meligy MG, Nagieb ZA, Isis KB. Effect of Variation Aluminum Oxide Concentration on the Modified Novolac Stalk Composite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5402/2012/263975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Strength properties and water repellency of cotton stalk fibers esterified with propionic anhydride that are used as reinforcing of novolac resin were greatly improved than untreated. Adding aluminum oxide to the prepared composite improved bending strength and enhanced water repellant. The alternating current conductivity and dielectric constant were greatly enhanced at different frequencies by adding aluminum oxide. The more percent of aluminum oxide, the more value of alternating current conductivity and lower value of dielectric constant were obtained at different frequencies. Infrared and X-ray diffraction as well as scanning electron microscope were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda G. El-Meligy
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Center, Dokki, 12622 Giza, Egypt
| | - Zenat A. Nagieb
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Center, Dokki, 12622 Giza, Egypt
| | - K. B. Isis
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Center, Dokki, 12622 Giza, Egypt
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Fundamental studies on lignocellulose/polypropylene composites: Effects of wood treatment on the transcrystalline morphology and mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Chauhan A, Kaith BS. Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of novel Hibiscus sabdariffa-g-poly(EA) copolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kaith BS, Mittal H, Bhatia JK, Kalia S. Polysaccharide Graft Copolymers - Synthesis, Properties and Applications. Biopolymers 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118164792.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Chauhan A, Kaith B. Development and assessment of the advanced graft copolymers obtained from Hibiscus sabdariffa biomass. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Maiti M, Kaith B, Jindal R, Jana A. Synthesis and characterization of corn starch based green composites reinforced with Saccharum spontaneum L graft copolymers prepared under micro-wave and their effect on thermal, physio-chemical and mechanical properties. Polym Degrad Stab 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Singha AS, Shama A, Thakur VK. X-Ray Diffraction, Morphological, and Thermal Studies on Methylmethacrylate Graft Copolymerized Saccharum ciliare Fiber. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10236660802399747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amar Singh Singha
- a Applied Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , National Institute of Technology Hamirpur , Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anjali Shama
- a Applied Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , National Institute of Technology Hamirpur , Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- a Applied Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , National Institute of Technology Hamirpur , Himachal Pradesh, India
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Singha AS, Thakur VK. Mechanical, Morphological and Thermal Properties of Pine Needle-Reinforced Polymer Composites. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00914030802461857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Singha
- a Material Science Laboratory, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur , Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- a Material Science Laboratory, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur , Himachal Pradesh, India
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Singha AS, Thakur VK. Synthesis and Characterization ofGrewia OptivaFiber-reinforced PF-based Composites. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00914030802257800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kalia S, Kaith BS. Use of Flax-g-poly(MMA) as Reinforcing Material for Enhancement of Properties of Phenol Formaldehyde Composites. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10236660802357109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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