Immunophenotypical Characterization of a Brazilian POIS (Post-Orgasmic Illness Syndrome) Patient: Adding More Pieces to Puzzle

Clinical characteristics, allergic response to autologous semen, and desensitization in patients with postorgasmic illness syndrome

Introduction

Postorgasmic illness syndrome (POIS) is rare and includes a cluster of physical and cognitive symptoms that occur after ejaculation. The pathogenesis and effective treatments remain unclear.

Aim

This study aimed to characterize the symptomatology of POIS, study the allergic response of autologous semen in patients and controls, and evaluate the effects of desensitization therapy.

Methods

The clinical characteristics of 24 Chinese patients with POIS were analyzed. Skin prick tests, intracutaneous tests, and specific IgE detection were performed with autologous semen. Five patients were desensitized via subcutaneous injections of autologous semen.

Outcomes

Evaluated outcomes included the clinical features of POIS; scores of the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), and visual analog scale (VAS) of symptoms; skin reactions; desensitization with diluted autologous seminal fluid; and the IgE reactivity patterns of immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in vitro.

Results

The most common symptom cluster was the general cluster, and the most prevalent symptoms were extreme fatigue and inattention. A total of 66.67% (14/21) of the patients had no symptoms or milder symptoms after nocturnal emission than after intercourse or masturbation. Of the patients, 87.5% (21/24) had psychiatric symptoms and 53.85% (7/13) had abnormal sex hormone levels. The SAS and SDS scores of the high and low VAS groups were significantly higher than those of the control group. Pearson analysis showed that the correlation coefficient between the SAS and VAS was 0.607 (P < .01) and that between the SDS and VAS was 0.490 (P < .05). The patients and healthy donors all had positive intracutaneous test results with their own semen, negative skin prick test results, and no IgE specific to autologous semen. Most patients (4/5) did not achieve ideal therapeutic effects with desensitization.

Clinical Implications

Allergy is not the main pathogenesis of POIS, and desensitization with autologous semen is not effective for most patients.

Strengths and Limitations

This project included the largest number of patients with POIS in China and assessed the allergic response to autologous semen and the effect of desensitization therapy. There is no objective method for evaluating the efficacy of desensitization with autologous semen.

Conclusions

IgE-mediated semen allergy is not the main pathogenesis of POIS, and there is a positive chance that POIS is related to psychological factors. Most patients do not respond to desensitization with autologous semen, and POIS treatment should be individualized, especially in cases with uncertain causes.

Postorgasmic illness syndrome: one or several entities? A retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND

Postorgasmic illness syndrome (POIS) is a rare syndrome in which patients experience various physical and cognitive symptoms after ejaculation, and its pathophysiology remains unknown.

AIM

The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical presentations, disease course, and treatment outcomes in outpatients, as well as to examine the validity of the preliminary criteria and symptom clusters of POIS.

METHODS

This retrospective monocentric study was conducted in a neurourology department, with patients included from 2010 to 2023. The diagnostic criteria and symptom cluster descriptions were based on previous studies.

OUTCOMES

The study focused on the clinical features of POIS, the complementary tests performed, the treatments tried, and their effectiveness.

RESULTS

Thirty-seven men were included in the study, with symptom onset occurring at a mean ± SD age of 23.6 ± 7.4 years. The mean time from ejaculation to symptom onset was 1 hour 22 minutes ± 3 hours 42 minutes. The mean duration of symptoms was 4.7 ± 3.4 days. Seventeen patients (46%) developed the symptoms primarily, whereas in 20 (54%) they appeared secondarily. All preliminary criteria were met in 19 patients (51%). The most common symptom clusters were "general" in all 37 patients (100%; eg, asthenia and concentration difficulties) and "head" in 35 patients (95%; mostly headache and a foggy feeling). In terms of treatments, antihistamines and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were tried and partially improved symptoms for some patients.

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

This study helps to further characterize POIS by specifying the most frequent symptoms and comparing them with the initial criteria.

STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS

To our knowledge, this is one of the largest cohorts of patients consulting for symptoms suggestive of POIS. There are limitations due to the retrospective nature of the data collection, such as missing data and imprecision of treatment efficacy.

CONCLUSION

The majority of participants met at least 3 of the preliminary diagnostic criteria, with a majority of symptoms in the general and head clusters. However, the determination of predictive factors for treatment response based on the typology of the disorders remains to be established.

Postorgasmic Illness Syndrome: An Update

Postorgasmic illness syndrome (POIS) is a rare condition affecting men who experience a cluster of flu-like and allergic symptoms after ejaculation. POIS can occur after intercourse, masturbation, or spontaneous ejaculation, and may persist for up to 7 d. Recurrent symptoms often negatively impact quality of life and sexual activity, leaving those affected with mental sequelae, diminished concentration, and mood changes. While it has been shown that various treatment options can alleviate symptoms in the short term, acute management remains controversial. In addition, follow-up data are severely lacking, resulting in the absence of established long-term management options for men suffering from POIS. This review highlights hallmark studies and the current state and promising developments surrounding clinical approaches to POIS. PATIENT SUMMARY: In this review, we discuss what is known about postorgasmic illness syndrome (POIS), a disease that causes flu-like symptoms in some men after ejaculation. Little research has been on POIS, so its causes, diagnosis, and appropriate treatments are poorly understood.

Post orgasmic illness syndrome successfully managed with antihistamine: A case report

Post orgasmic illness syndrome (POIS) is increasingly being recognized as a debilitating cause of sexual dysfunction in males. It is often misdiagnosed due to its unfamiliarity to providers, resulting in numerous potentially unnecessary tests and treatments. Currently, there is no known single most effective treatment, but several case reports suggest desensitization, hormonal therapy, and other treatment modalities may be useful. However, these treatments are experimental in nature and have not been evaluated in placebo-controlled trials. We report on the use of a simple over-the-counter antihistamine in the management of POIS.

CD3+/CD56+ NKT-like Cells Show Imbalanced Control Immediately after Exercise in Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness

The purpose of the study was to carry out an immunophenotypical characterization with a special focus on natural killer cells of junior swimmers from the Hungarian National Swim Team before and after an intensive acute exercise. Nineteen swimmers, ten females and nine males, completed the exercise protocol. Sixteen swimmers experienced delayed-onset muscle soreness. Most of our findings substantiated earlier results, such as the increase in the percentage of the CD3⁻/CD56⁺ natural killer cells and the CD3⁻/CD56^dim+ NK cells, and the decrease in the percentage of CD3⁺ T cells among lymphocytes after the exercise protocol. The drop of natural killer cell activity back to the pre-exercise level was in line with earlier findings. Interestingly, the percentage of CD3⁺/CD56⁺ NKT-like cells did not change significantly in those three swimmers who did not report delayed-onset muscle soreness. On the contrary, the percentage of CD3⁺/CD56⁺ NKT-like cells among lymphocytes increased in fourteen and decreased in two swimmers reporting delayed-onset muscle soreness. This study for the first time demonstrated a link between the delayed-onset muscle soreness and the imbalanced control of CD3⁺/CD56⁺ NKT-like cells among lymphocytes. However, validation of this association in a larger sample size study will be necessary.