1
|
Ali A, Ahmed Z, Iftikhar K, Uddin R. Heteroleptic samarium complexes with high quantum yields for temperature sensing applications. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1105-1120. [PMID: 38099730 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03160h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Two new crystallographically characterized samarium complexes, [Sm(fod)3(L1)] (1) and [Sm(fod)3(L2)] (2) {L1 = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (bath), L2 = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine and fod = anion of 6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-2,2-dimethyl-3,5-octanedione (Hfod)}, were synthesized and thoroughly characterized. Single-crystal (SC) analysis shows that complex 1 is an eight-coordinate structure with a distorted square antiprism geometry (D4d), whereas complex 2 possesses a nine-coordinate structure with distorted muffin geometry (Cs). The NMR results are in line with SC-XRD analysis, which further validate that the complexes remain intact in solutions. The photophysical characteristics of the complexes were studied in both visible and near infra-red (NIR) regions. The PLQY values of the present complexes were found to be higher than those reported in the literature except for a tetrakis Sm complex. This result indicates that both the ligands act as effective antennas for the present systems. A comparison of PLQY and emission lifetime values within the present complexes (in solid state) reveals that energy transfer from terpy to Sm3+ is more effective than that from the bath ligand. Various color parameters of the complexes were calculated, and the determined CCT values suggest that the complexes may be used as warm light sources. The determined band gap values for the complexes are in the range of those for semiconductors, which suggest the application of present systems in the field of optoelectronics. The curve between the emission intensity and temperature for complex 1 shows a perfect linearity (χ2 = 0.99), which suggests that this complex can have potential application as a temperature sensor in the range 60-350 K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asgar Ali
- Lanthanide Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Khalid Iftikhar
- Lanthanide Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Rahis Uddin
- Lanthanide Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ganaie AB, Iftikhar K. Structure, optical absorption and NIR-Photoluminescence of ternary Neodymium (III) complexes with fluorinated β-diketone and heterocyclic Lewis bases. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
3
|
Hooda A, Dalal A, Nehra K, Kumar P, Singh D, Kumar S, Malik RS, Kumar R, Kumar P. Mononuclear luminous β-diketonate Ln (III) complexes with heteroaromatic auxiliary ligands: Synthesis and luminescent characteristics. LUMINESCENCE 2022; 37:1921-1931. [PMID: 36044585 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A series of lanthanide (samarium and terbium) β-diketonates with heteroaromatic auxiliary ligands have been synthesized. The prepared complexes were characterized through electrochemical, thermal and spectroscopic analyses. Infrared analysis reveals the binding of respective metal ion to oxygen and nitrogen atoms of diketone and ancillary ligands respectively. TG/DTG profiles provide thermal information and specify the high thermal stability of the prepared complexes. The complexes exhibit the sharp and structured Ln-based emission in visible region upon irradiation in UV range. Photophysical analysis demonstrated the green and orange-red emission due to the respective characteristic transitions of Tb3+ and Sm3+ ions. Photophysical properties affirm the luminous behavior of synthesized complexes. These luminous lanthanide complexes could be used as emitting material in designing OLEDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjli Hooda
- Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Anuj Dalal
- Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Kapeesha Nehra
- Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Devender Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, DCR University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Haryana, India
| | - Rajender Singh Malik
- Department of Chemistry, DCR University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Haryana, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Parvin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dalal A, Nehra K, Hooda A, Singh D, Dhankhar J, Kumar S. Fluorinated β-diketone-based Sm(III) complexes: spectroscopic and optoelectronic characteristics. LUMINESCENCE 2022; 37:1328-1334. [PMID: 35641133 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a series of octa-coordinated Sm(III) complexes with 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-naphthyl)-1,3-butanedione (TFNB) and 2,2'-bipyridine (Bpy) derivatives as ancillary ligand are described here. The complexes were analyzed by elemental, spectroscopic such as infrared spectroscopy, 1 H NMR, and thermogravimetric analyses. The fluorinated TFNB ligand absorbs in the range from 200 to 400 nm. The complexes show the sharp and structured Sm-based emissions in visible region upon irradiation in UV range. Excitation spectra of complexes show similarity to the absorption spectra of ligands suggesting that excitation energy is transferred from ligands to Sm(III) centre by the antenna effect. Photoluminescence emission spectra and colour parameters affirmed that the complexes show luminescence in orange-red region. These luminous Sm(III) complexes might be applied as emissive layer in organic electroluminescent devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Dalal
- Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Kapeesha Nehra
- Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Anjli Hooda
- Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Devender Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Jyotika Dhankhar
- Department of Food Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, DCR University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hooda A, Nehra K, Dalal A, Bhagwan S, Gupta I, Singh D, Kumar S. Luminescent Features of Ternary Europium Complexes: Photophysical and Optoelectronic Evaluation. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:1529-1541. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-02956-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
6
|
Red luminous Eu(III) complexes: Preparation, spectral, optical and theoretical evaluation. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
7
|
Preparation, spectroscopic and thermal investigation of fluorinated Sm(III) β-diketonates with bidentate N donor ligands. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
8
|
Bashir Ganaie A, Iftikhar K. Stoichiometrically controlled synthesis and comparative study of photoluminescence of seven and eight coordinate complexes of Sm3+, Eu3+ and Tb3+ based on 6,6,7,7,8,8,8- heptafluoro-2,2-dimethyl-3,5-octanedione (Hfod) and imidazole. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
9
|
Ganaie A, Iftikhar K. Theoretical Modeling (Sparkle RM1 and PM7) and Crystal Structures of the Luminescent Dinuclear Sm(III) and Eu(III) Complexes of 6,6,7,7,8,8,8- Heptafluoro-2,2-dimethyl-3,5-octanedione and 2,3-Bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine: Determination of Individual Spectroscopic Parameters for Two Unique Eu 3+ Sites. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:21207-21226. [PMID: 34471726 PMCID: PMC8387994 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heteroleptic homo dinuclear complexes [Sm(fod)3(μ-bpp)Sm(fod)3] and [Eu(fod)3(μ-bpp)Eu(fod)3] and their diamagnetic analogue [Lu(fod)3(μ-bpp)Lu(fod)3] (fod is the anion of 6,6,7,7,8,8,8- heptafluoro-2,2-dimethyl-3,5-octanedione (Hfod) and bpp is 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine) are synthesized and thoroughly characterized. The lanthanum gave a 1:1 adduct of La(fod)3 and bpp with the molecular formula of [La(fod)3bpp]. The 1H NMR and 1H-1H COSY spectra of the complexes were used to assign the proton resonances. In the case of paramagnetic Sm3+ and Eu3+ complexes, the methine (of the fod moiety) and the bpp resonances are shifted in the opposite direction and the paramagnetic shifts are dipolar in nature, which decrease with increasing distance of the proton from the metal ion. The single-crystal X-ray analyses reveal that the complexes (Sm3+ and Eu3+) are dinuclear and crystallize in the triclinic P1 space group. Each metal in a given complex is eight coordinate by coordinating with six oxygen atoms of three fod moieties and two nitrogen atoms of the bpp. Of the two metal centers, in a given complex, one has a distorted square antiprism arrangement and the other acquires a distorted dodecahedron geometry. The Sparkle RM1 and PM7 optimized structures of the complexes are also presented and compared with the crystal structure. Theoretically observed bond distances are in excellent agreement with the experimental values, and the RMS deviations for the optimized structures are 2.878, 2.217, 2.564, and 2.675 Å. The photophysical properties of Sm3+ and Eu3+ complexes are investigated in different solvents, solid, and PMMA-doped thin hybrid films. The spectroscopic parameters (the Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters, radiative parameters, and intrinsic quantum yield) of each Eu3+ sites are calculated using the overlap polyhedra method. The theoretically obtained parameters are close to the experimental results. The lifetime of the excited state is 38.74 μs for Sm3+ and 713.62 μs for the Eu3+ complex in the solid state.
Collapse
|
10
|
Chauhan A, Langyan R. Study of photophysical behaviour of some Sm(III) complexes with 4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-3-carboxaldehyde and other N,N′-donor π-conjugated ligands. J CHEM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-020-01790-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
Kotyk CM, Weber JE, Hyre AS, McNeely J, Monteiro JHSK, Domin M, Balaich GJ, Rheingold AL, de Bettencourt-Dias A, Doerrer LH. Luminescence of Lanthanide Complexes with Perfluorinated Alkoxide Ligands. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:9807-9823. [PMID: 32614596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Four groups of rare-earth complexes, comprising 11 new compounds, with fluorinated O-donor ligands ([K(THF)6][Ln(OC4F9)4(THF)2] (1-Ln; Ln = Ce, Nd), [K](THF)x[Ln(OC4F9)4(THF)y] (2-Ln; Ln = Eu, Gd, Dy), [K(THF)2][Ln(pinF)2(THF)3] (3-Ln; Ln = Ce, Nd), and [K(THF)2][Ln(pinF)2(THF)2] (4-Ln; Ln = Eu, Gd, Dy, Y) have been synthesized and characterized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data were collected for all compounds except 2-Ln. Species 1-Ln, 3-Ln, and 4-Ln are uncommon examples of six-coordinate (Eu, Gd, Dy, and Y) and seven-coordinate (Ce and Nd) LnIII centers in all-O-donor environments. Species 1-Ln, 2-Ln, 3-Ln, and 4-Ln are all luminescent (except where Ln = Gd and Y), with the solid-state emission of 1-Ce being exceptionally blue-shifted for a Ce complex. The emission spectra of the six Nd, Eu, and Dy complexes do not show large differences based on the ligand and are generally consistent with the well-known free-ion spectra. Time-dependent density functional theory results show that 1-Ce and 3-Ce undergo allowed 5f → 4d excitations, consistent with luminescence lifetime measurements in the nanosecond range. Eu-containing 2-Eu and 4-Eu, however, were found to have luminescence lifetimes in the millisecond range, indicating phosphorescence rather than fluorescence. The performance of a pair of multireference models for prediction of the Ln = Nd, Eu, and Dy absorption spectra was assessed. It was found that spectroscopy-oriented configuration interaction as applied to a simplified model in which the free-ion lanthanide was embedded in ligand-centered Löwdin point charges performed as well (Nd) or better (Eu and Dy) than canonical NEVPT2 calculations, when the ligand orbitals were included in the treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Kotyk
- Department of Chemistry, Wheaton College, Norton, Massachusetts 02766, United States
| | - Jeremy E Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Ariel S Hyre
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - James McNeely
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Jorge H S K Monteiro
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California 95521, United States
| | - Marek Domin
- Merkert Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Gary J Balaich
- Department of Chemistry, United States Air Force Academy, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado 80840, United States
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | | | - Linda H Doerrer
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ahmed Z, Mahiya K, Iftikhar K. Structures and pure near-infrared photophysics of erbium and ytterbium( iii) complexes incorporating fluorinated β-diketone and neutral unidentate ligands. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02059a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports on the synthesis, structures and pure near-infrared photophysical properties of low symmetry Er3+ and Yb3+ β-diketonate ternary complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Ahmed
- Lanthanide Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Jamia Millia Islamia
- India
| | - Kuldeep Mahiya
- Department of Chemistry
- F G M Government College
- Adampur, Mandi Adampur
- Hisar-125052
- India
| | - Khalid Iftikhar
- Lanthanide Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Jamia Millia Islamia
- India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ansari AA, Ganaie AB, Iftikhar K. Synthesis and 4f 4f absorption studies of tris(acetylacetonato)praseodymium(III) and holmium(III) complexes with imidazole and pyrazole in non-aqueous solvents. Structure elucidation by Sparkle / PM7. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
14
|
Ahmed Z, Iftikhar K. Red, orange-red and near-infrared light emitting ternary lanthanide tris β-diketonate complexes with distortedC4vgeometrical structures. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:4973-4986. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00198k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the photophysical and optoelectronic properties (in the visible to NIR range) of isostructural nona-coordinate Ln complexes with distortedC4vgeometrical structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Ahmed
- Lanthanide Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Jamia Millia Islamia University
- New Delhi 110 025
- India
| | - Khalid Iftikhar
- Lanthanide Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Jamia Millia Islamia University
- New Delhi 110 025
- India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ilmi R, Ganaie AB, Iftikhar K. 1H NMR of paramagnetic Lanthanide(III) complexes of trifluoroacetylacetone and 2,2′-Bipyridyl and 4f-4f absorption studies. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
16
|
Khan E, Gul Z, Shahzad A, Jan MS, Ullah F, Tahir MN, Noor A. Coordination compounds of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indazole with Cu(II), Co(II) and Ag(I): structural, antimicrobial, antioxidant and enzyme inhibition studies. J COORD CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2017.1416356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ezzat Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Zarif Gul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Shahzad
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Swat, KPK, Pakistan
| | | | - Farhat Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - M. N. Tahir
- Department of Physics, University of Sargodah, Sargodah, Pakistan
| | - Awal Noor
- Anorganishe Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of pink luminescent heteroleptic Sm(III) complexes; the role of DMSO in transforming the inner coordination sphere and on photophysical properties. Sparkle/RM1 calculation. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
18
|
Structure elucidation by sparkle/RM1, effect of lanthanide contraction and photophysical properties of lanthanide(III) trifluoroacetylacetonate complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
19
|
Dar WA, Iftikhar K. Phase controlled colour tuning of samarium and europium complexes and excellent photostability of their PVA encapsulated materials. Structural elucidation, photophysical parameters and the energy transfer mechanism in the Eu3+ complex by Sparkle/PM3 calculations. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:8956-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00549g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Luminescence and photostability of new Sm and Eu complexes and those of their thin hybrid films have been investigated and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wakeel Ahmed Dar
- Lanthanide Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Jamia Millia Islamia
- New Delhi 110 025
- India
| | - K. Iftikhar
- Lanthanide Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Jamia Millia Islamia
- New Delhi 110 025
- India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Optical emission studies of new europium and terbium dinuclear complexes with trifluoroacetylacetone and bridging bipyrimidine. Fast radiation and high emission quantum yield. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
21
|
Variant coordination sphere, for efficient photo- and electroluminescence of 0.4–1.8μm, of lanthanide(III) complexes containing a β-diketone ligand with low vibrational frequency C–F bonds and a flexible 2,2′-bipyridine ligand. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
22
|
Ahmed Z, Iftikhar K. Efficient photoluminescent complexes of 400–1800 nm wavelength emitting lanthanides containing organic sensitizers for optoelectronic devices. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11330f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|