Toxic metal complexes of macrocyclic cyclen molecule – synthesis, structure and complexing properties

Tuning the Softness of the Pendant Arms and the Polyazamacrocyclic Backbone to Chelate the 203Pb/212Pb Theranostic Pair

A series of macrocyclic ligands were considered for the chelation of Pb2+: 1,4,7,10-tetrakis[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO4S), 1,4,7-tris[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO3S), 1,4,7-tris[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-10-acetamido-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO3SAm), 1,7-bis[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-4,10-diacetic acid (DO2A2S), 1,5,9-tris[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,5,9-triazacyclododecane (TACD3S), 1,4,7,10-tetrakis[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclotridecane (TRI4S), and 1,4,8,11-tetrakis[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,4,8,11-tetrazacyclotetradecane (TE4S). The equilibrium, the acid-mediated dissociation kinetics, and the structural properties of the Pb2+ complexes formed by these chelators were examined by UV-Visible and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies, combined with potentiometry and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The obtained results indicated that DO4S, DO3S, DO3SAm, and DO2A2S were able to efficiently chelate Pb2+ and that the most suitable macrocyclic scaffold for Pb2+ is 1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane. NMR spectroscopy gave insights into the solution structures of the Pb2+ complexes, and 1H-207Pb interactions confirmed the involvement of S and/or O donors in the metal coordination sphere. Highly fluxional solution behavior was discovered when Pb2+ was coordinated to symmetric ligands (i.e., DO4S and DO2A2S) while the introduction of structural asymmetry in DO3S and DO3SAm slowed down the intramolecular dynamics. The ligand ability to chelate [203Pb]Pb2+ under highly dilute reaction conditions was explored through radiolabeling experiments. While DO4S and DO3S possessed modest performance, DO3SAm and DO2A2S demonstrated high complexation efficiency under mild reaction conditions (pH = 7, 5 min reaction time). The [203Pb]Pb2+ complexes' integrity in human serum over 24 h was appreciably good for [203Pb][Pb(DO4S)]2+ (80 ± 5%) and excellent for [203Pb][Pb(DO3SAm)]2+ (93 ± 1%) and [203Pb][Pb(DO2A2S)] (94 ± 1%). These results reveal the promise of DO2A2S and DO3SAm as chelators in cutting-edge theranostic [203/212Pb]Pb2+ radiopharmaceuticals.

Synthesis of metal anthranilate complexes: catalytic and antipathogenic studies

Background

Anthranilic acid is an active compound with diverse biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, anti-malarial and α-glucosidase inhibitory properties. It can also chelate transition metals to form complexes with applications as antipathogens, photoluminescent materials, corrosion inhibitors, and catalysts.

Results

Anthranilic acid complexes (1–10) of Zn(II), Bi(III), Ag(I), Fe(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Mn(II), Al, Ni(II), and Cr(III) were synthesized and characterized using thermogravimetric (TGA), elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV–vis spectrometry, mass spectrometry and magnetic susceptibility. The morphology and size of metal complex (1–10) particles were determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the surface area was determined by BET analysis. TGA and CHN analysis data indicated that the stoichiometries of complexes were 1:2 metal/ligand except for Ag(I), Al and Bi. Furthermore, DFT study was performed to optimize the structure of selected complexes. The complexes (1–10) were evaluated for their catalytic activity in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), antibacterial activity against S. aureus, P. aeroginosa and E. coli as well as their antifungal activity against F. solani and A. niger. The complexes were also tested against the second-stage juveniles (J₂) root-knot nematodes.

Conclusion

Co(II) complex 5 and Cu(II) complex 6 showed high catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-NP to 4-aminophenol (4-AP). Ag(I) complex 3 showed the best activity against the pathogens that were tested namely clinically important bacteria S. aureus, P. aeroginosa and E. coli, commercially important fungi F. solani and A. niger and J₂ root-knot nematodes M. javanica.

Silver ion-induced chiral enhancement by argentivorous molecules

Optically active tetra-armed cyclens with an asymmetric chiral centre in the cyclen moiety were synthesized and were shown to enhance chirality and control of enantiomers on complexation with Ag⁺.