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Lawrence EA, Huai X, Kim D, Avdeev M, Chen Y, Skorupskii G, Miura A, Ferrenti A, Waibel M, Kawaguchi S, Ng N, Kaman B, Cai Z, Schoop L, Kushwaha S, Liu F, Tran TT, Ji H. Fe Site Order and Magnetic Properties of Fe 1/4NbS 2. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18179-18188. [PMID: 37863841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have long been attractive to researchers for their diverse properties and high degree of tunability. Most recently, interest in magnetically intercalated TMDs has resurged due to their potential applications in spintronic devices. While certain compositions featuring the absence of inversion symmetry such as Fe1/3NbS2 and Cr1/3NbS2 have garnered the most attention, the diverse compositional space afforded through the host matrix composition as well as intercalant identity and concentration is large and remains relatively underexplored. Here, we report the magnetic ground state of Fe1/4NbS2 that was determined from low-temperature neutron powder diffraction as an A-type antiferromagnet. Despite the presence of overall inversion symmetry, the pristine compound manifests spin polarization induced by the antiferromagnetic order at generic k points, based on density functional theory band-structure calculations. Furthermore, by combining synchrotron diffraction, pair distribution function, and magnetic susceptibility measurements, we find that the magnetic properties of Fe1/4NbS2 are sensitive to the Fe site order, which can be tuned via electrochemical lithiation and thermal history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick A Lawrence
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Xudong Huai
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Maxim Avdeev
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Grigorii Skorupskii
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Akira Miura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 8628, Japan
| | - Austin Ferrenti
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Moritz Waibel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Bavaria 80539, Germany
| | - Shogo Kawaguchi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo 679-5198 Japan
| | - Nicholas Ng
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Bobby Kaman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61820, United States
| | - Zijian Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Leslie Schoop
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Satya Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Thao T Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Huiwen Ji
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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2
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Xie LS, Husremović S, Gonzalez O, Craig IM, Bediako DK. Structure and Magnetism of Iron- and Chromium-Intercalated Niobium and Tantalum Disulfides. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9525-9542. [PMID: 35584537 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) intercalated with spin-bearing transition metal centers are a diverse class of magnetic materials where the spin density and ordering behavior can be varied by the choice of host lattice, intercalant identity, level of intercalation, and intercalant disorder. Each of these degrees of freedom alters the interplay between several key magnetic interactions to produce disparate collective electronic and magnetic phases. The array of magnetic and electronic behavior typified by these systems renders them distinctive platforms for realizing tunable magnetism in solid-state materials and promising candidates for spin-based electronic devices. This Perspective provides an overview of the rich magnetism displayed by transition metal-intercalated TMDs by considering Fe- and Cr-intercalated NbS2 and TaS2. These four exemplars of this large family of materials exhibit a wide range of magnetic properties, including sharp switching of magnetic states, current-driven magnetic switching, and chiral spin textures. An understanding of the fundamental origins of the resultant magnetic/electronic phases in these materials is discussed in the context of composition, bonding, electronic structure, and magnetic anisotropy in each case study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia S Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 97420, United States
| | - Samra Husremović
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 97420, United States
| | - Oscar Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 97420, United States
| | - Isaac M Craig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 97420, United States
| | - D Kwabena Bediako
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 97420, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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3
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Nagao M, Miura A, Maruyama Y, Watauchi S, Takano Y, Tanaka I. Cd additive effect on self-flux growth of Cs-intercalated NbS 2 superconducting single crystals. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2021-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Single crystals of Cs-intercalated NbS2 (Cs
x
NbS2) were synthesized using a CsCl/KCl self-flux. The size and Cs content of Cs
x
NbS2 single crystals increased upon adding Cd metal into the starting materials. When 10–30 at% of Cd per Nb was provided in the starting materials, plate-like Cs
x
NbS2 (x ∼ 0.3) single crystals with 1–2 mm in size and 10–100 μm in thickness were obtained. The superconducting transition temperature of these Cs
x
NbS2 single crystals was 1.65 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Nagao
- Center for Crystal Science and Technology, University of Yamanashi , 7-32 Miyamae , Kofu , Yamanashi 400-0021 , Japan
- National Institute for Materials Science , 1-2-1 Sengen , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0047 , Japan
| | - Akira Miura
- Hokkaido University , Kita-13 Nishi-8 , Kita-ku , Sapporo , Hokkaido 060-8628 , Japan
| | - Yuki Maruyama
- Center for Crystal Science and Technology, University of Yamanashi , 7-32 Miyamae , Kofu , Yamanashi 400-0021 , Japan
| | - Satoshi Watauchi
- Center for Crystal Science and Technology, University of Yamanashi , 7-32 Miyamae , Kofu , Yamanashi 400-0021 , Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Takano
- National Institute for Materials Science , 1-2-1 Sengen , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0047 , Japan
| | - Isao Tanaka
- Center for Crystal Science and Technology, University of Yamanashi , 7-32 Miyamae , Kofu , Yamanashi 400-0021 , Japan
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4
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Jiang Z, Wang Y, Jiang D, Li C, Liu K, Wen T, Xiao Y, Chow P, Li S, Wang Y. Pressure-Driven Sequential Lattice Collapse and Magnetic Collapse in Transition-Metal-Intercalated Compounds Fe xNbS 2. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:6348-6353. [PMID: 34228936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Volume collapse under high pressure is an intriguing phenomenon involving subtle interplay between lattice, spin, and charge. The two most important causes of volume collapse are lattice collapse (low-density to high-density) and magnetic collapse (high-spin to low-spin). Herein we report the pressure-driven sequential volume collapses in partially intercalated FexNbS2 (x = 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3). Because of the distinct interlayer atomic occupancy, the low-iron-content samples exhibit both lattice and magnetic collapses under compression, whereas the high-iron-content samples exhibit only one magnetic collapse. Theoretical calculations indicate that the low-pressure volume collapses for x = 1/4 and x = 1/3 are lattice collapses, and the high-pressure volume collapses for all four samples are magnetic collapses. The magnetic collapse involving the high-spin to low-spin crossover of Fe2+ has also been verified by in situ X-ray emission measurements. Integrating two distinct volume collapses into one material provides a rare playground of lattice, spin, and charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimin Jiang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Beijing 100094, China
| | - Dequan Jiang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Beijing 100094, China
| | - Chen Li
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Beijing 100094, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Beijing 100094, China
| | - Ting Wen
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yuming Xiao
- HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Paul Chow
- HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Shuai Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Solid state Batteries, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Beijing 100094, China
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5
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Little A, Lee C, John C, Doyle S, Maniv E, Nair NL, Chen W, Rees D, Venderbos JWF, Fernandes RM, Analytis JG, Orenstein J. Three-state nematicity in the triangular lattice antiferromagnet Fe 1/3NbS 2. NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:1062-1067. [PMID: 32424369 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nematic order is the breaking of rotational symmetry in the presence of translational invariance. While originally defined in the context of liquid crystals, the concept of nematic order has arisen in crystalline matter with discrete rotational symmetry, most prominently in the tetragonal Fe-based superconductors where the parent state is four-fold symmetric. In this case the nematic director takes on only two directions, and the order parameter in such 'Ising-nematic' systems is a simple scalar. Here, using a spatially resolved optical polarimetry technique, we show that a qualitatively distinct nematic state arises in the triangular lattice antiferromagnet Fe1/3NbS2. The crucial difference is that the nematic order on the triangular lattice is a [Formula: see text] or three-state Potts-nematic order parameter. As a consequence, the anisotropy axes of response functions such as the resistivity tensor can be continuously reoriented by external perturbations. This discovery lays the groundwork for devices that exploit analogies with nematic liquid crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Little
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Changmin Lee
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Caolan John
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Spencer Doyle
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Eran Maniv
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nityan L Nair
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Wenqin Chen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Dylan Rees
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jörn W F Venderbos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rafael M Fernandes
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James G Analytis
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Orenstein
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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6
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Nair NL, Maniv E, John C, Doyle S, Orenstein J, Analytis JG. Electrical switching in a magnetically intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide. NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:153-157. [PMID: 31685945 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0518-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Advances in controlling the correlated behaviour of transition metal dichalcogenides have opened a new frontier of many-body physics in two dimensions. A field where these materials have yet to make a deep impact is antiferromagnetic spintronics-a relatively new research direction promising technologies with fast switching times, insensitivity to magnetic perturbations and reduced cross-talk1-3. Here, we present measurements on the intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide Fe1/3NbS2 that exhibits antiferromagnetic ordering below 42 K (refs. 4,5). We find that remarkably low current densities of the order of 104 A cm-2 can reorient the magnetic order, which can be detected through changes in the sample resistance, demonstrating its use as an electronically accessible antiferromagnetic switch. Fe1/3NbS2 is part of a larger family of magnetically intercalated transition metal dichalcogenides, some of which may exhibit switching at room temperature, forming a platform from which to build tuneable antiferromagnetic spintronic devices6,7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nityan L Nair
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Eran Maniv
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Caolan John
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Spencer Doyle
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - J Orenstein
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - James G Analytis
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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7
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Polesya S, Mankovsky S, Ebert H. Electronic and magnetic properties of the 2H-NbS2 intercalated by 3d transition metal atoms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2018-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The electronic structure and magnetic properties of the compound 2H-NbS2 intercalated by 3d elements from Cr to Ni, have been investigated using the Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker electronic structure method. Here, we consider the phases with 33% of intercalation within the ordered phase having a
3
×
3
$\sqrt 3 \times \sqrt 3 $
arrangement of the magnetic atoms. We analyze the relationship of the magnetic and electronic properties on the structural parameters dependent on the intercalant. The exchange coupling parameters calculated from first principles have been used for subsequent Monte Carlo simulations. Within these investigations, the FM order was found for the Cr and Mn intercalated phases as ground state configuration with a Curie temperature being in good agreement with the experiment. According to the Monte Carlo simulation, Fe1/3NbS2 has a complicated noncollinear magnetic structure with a noncompensated total magnetic moment, whereas Co1/3NbS2 and Ni1/3NbS2 are found to be antiferromagnetic, all in line with experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Polesya
- Department Chemie , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstraße 11 , 81377 München , Germany
| | - Sergiy Mankovsky
- Department Chemie , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstraße 11 , 81377 München , Germany
| | - Hubert Ebert
- Department Chemie , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstraße 11 , 81377 München , Germany
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8
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Buhannic M, Colombet P, Danot M, Calvarin G. The iron electronic characteristics and the crystal dimensionality of the phases FexTiSe2 (x = 0.25, 0.38, 0.50). J SOLID STATE CHEM 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-4596(87)90085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Huntley D, Sienko M, Hiebl K. Magnetic properties of iron-intercalated titanium diselenide. J SOLID STATE CHEM 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-4596(84)90006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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