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Dos Santos NS, Gonçalves DR, Balbinot B, Visioli F. Is GRP78 (Glucose-regulated protein 78) a prognostic biomarker in differents types of cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 242:154301. [PMID: 36610326 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
GRP78 is a chaperone with anti-apoptotic function associated with aggressive tumors. This systematic review aimed to evaluate GRP78 expression in cancer and its relation to prognosis outcomes. This review was conducted in different databases searching for human cancer studies assessing GRP78 immunohistochemical levels on tissue samples. A total of 98 manuscripts were included. In 62% of the studies, GRP78 was associated with a worse prognosis. A meta-analysis included 29 studies that detected a significantly higher expression of GRP78 in cancer tissues (RR= 2.35, 95% CI 1.75-3.15) compared to control. A meta-analysis of 3 and 5-years Overall Survival revealed an increased risk of death for tumors with high expression of GRP78 (RR=1.36, 95%CI 1.16-1,59, I2 = 57%) and (RR=1.65, 95%CI 1.22-2.21, I2 =64%), respectively. GRP78 is an important prognostic biomarker for different types of cancer and a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Souza Dos Santos
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Douglas Rodrigues Gonçalves
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Oral Medicine Unit, Otorhinolaryngology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bianca Balbinot
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Experimental Center Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Hussein D, Alsereihi R, Salwati AAA, Algehani R, Alhowity A, Al-Hejin AM, Schulten HJ, Baeesa S, Bangash M, Alghamdi F, Cross R, Al Zughaibi T, Saka M, Chaudhary A, Abuzenadah A. The anterior gradient homologue 2 (AGR2) co-localises with the glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) in cancer stem cells, and is critical for the survival and drug resistance of recurrent glioblastoma: in situ and in vitro analyses. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:387. [PMID: 36482387 PMCID: PMC9730595 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastomas (GBs) are characterised as one of the most aggressive primary central nervous system tumours (CNSTs). Single-cell sequencing analysis identified the presence of a highly heterogeneous population of cancer stem cells (CSCs). The proteins anterior gradient homologue 2 (AGR2) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) are known to play critical roles in regulating unfolded protein response (UPR) machinery. The UPR machinery influences cell survival, migration, invasion and drug resistance. Hence, we investigated the role of AGR2 in drug-resistant recurrent glioblastoma cells. METHODS Immunofluorescence, biological assessments and whole exome sequencing analyses were completed under in situ and in vitro conditions. Cells were treated with CNSTs clinical/preclinical drugs taxol, cisplatin, irinotecan, MCK8866, etoposide, and temozolomide, then resistant cells were analysed for the expression of AGR2. AGR2 was repressed using single and double siRNA transfections and combined with either temozolomide or irinotecan. RESULTS Genomic and biological characterisations of the AGR2-expressed Jed66_GB and Jed41_GB recurrent glioblastoma tissues and cell lines showed features consistent with glioblastoma. Immunofluorescence data indicated that AGR2 co-localised with the UPR marker GRP78 in both the tissue and their corresponding primary cell lines. AGR2 and GRP78 were highly expressed in glioblastoma CSCs. Following treatment with the aforementioned drugs, all drug-surviving cells showed high expression of AGR2. Prolonged siRNA repression of a particular region in AGR2 exon 2 reduced AGR2 protein expression and led to lower cell densities in both cell lines. Co-treatments using AGR2 exon 2B siRNA in conjunction with temozolomide or irinotecan had partially synergistic effects. The slight reduction of AGR2 expression increased nuclear Caspase-3 activation in both cell lines and caused multinucleation in the Jed66_GB cell line. CONCLUSIONS AGR2 is highly expressed in UPR-active CSCs and drug-resistant GB cells, and its repression leads to apoptosis, via multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deema Hussein
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia ,grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alsereihi
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia ,grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 80203, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia ,College of Health Sciences, Al-Rayan Colleges, 41411, Madinah AL-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulla Ahmed A. Salwati
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Rinad Algehani
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Alazouf Alhowity
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Al-Hejin
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 80203, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hans-Juergen Schulten
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Baeesa
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Bangash
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alghamdi
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Richard Cross
- grid.48815.300000 0001 2153 2936School of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Emerging Technologies Research Centre (EMTERC), De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH UK
| | - Torki Al Zughaibi
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia ,grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad Saka
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia ,grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeel Chaudhary
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia ,grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Centre of Innovation for Personalized Medicine, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Abuzenadah
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia ,grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia ,grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia ,grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Centre of Innovation for Personalized Medicine, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
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María Teresa de Jesús CD, Agni Jaim MG, Cindy Karina VV, Víctor Alberto OC, Nicolás RT, Verónica GO, Fabio Abdel SG, Patricia PS, Sergio FH, Eunice LM. BIK and GRP78 protein expression as possible markers of response to preoperative chemotherapy and survival in breast cancer. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 60:245-252. [PMID: 33678323 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE BIK and GRP78 have shown differential expression profiles in breast cancer (BC) tissue, in addition to its important participation in the pathophysiology of cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of BIK and GRP78 protein expression with clinical and pathologic response to preoperative chemotherapy, recurrence, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), in patients with BC. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty-three patients who received preoperative chemotherapy where included in an observational, analytical and retrospective study to assess the BIK and GRP78 protein expression by immunohistochemistry in microarrays of BC tissue obtained before treatment. Associations between BIK and GRP78 expression with clinicopathological characteristics, clinical and pathologic response to preoperative chemotherapy, and recurrence were analyzed using Chi-square or Fisher's exact test. OS and postoperative DFS were assessed at 5-year follow-up by Kaplan-Meir curves, and the difference according to BIK and GRP78 expression was evaluated using the log-rank test. Bivariate analysis was performed using Cox risk proportion model. A p value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS BIK and GRP78 staining revealed positive expression in 37 (71.2%) and 35 patients (72.9%) respectively. Association between pathological complete response (pCR) and positive expression of BIK (p = 0.046), as well as between clinical complete response (cCR) and negative expression of GRP78 was observed (p = 0.048). Patients with expression of GRP78 had lower DFS (HR = 3.46; 95% CI 1.01-11.80; p = 0.047) and shorter OS (HR = 3.49; 95% CI 1.04 a 11.72; p = 0.043). CONCLUSION When finding association of GRP78 and BIK protein expression with the response (clinical and pathologic respectively) to preoperative chemotherapy, and GRP78 with DFS and OS, in patients with BC, our results suggest a potential prognostic value of both proteins; however, a larger sample size is required to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cervantes-Díaz María Teresa de Jesús
- Medical Research Unit in Reproductive Medicine, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Gineco Obstetricia No. 4 "Luis Castelazo Ayala", Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Río Magdalena 289, Colonia Tizapan San Ángel, Alcaldía Álvaro Obregón, CP 01090, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Muñoz-Granados Agni Jaim
- Oncological Gynecology Service, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Gineco Obstetricia No. 3, "Dr. Víctor Manuel Espinosa de Los Reyes Sánchez", Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Calzada Vallejo, Esquina Antonio Valeriano, Colonia La Raza, Alcaldía Azcapotzalco, CP 02990, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Velázquez-Velázquez Cindy Karina
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Medical Research Unit in Oncological Diseases, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, Colonia Doctores, Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, CP 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Olguín-Cruces Víctor Alberto
- Pathology Service, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Gineco Obstetricia No. 4 "Luis Castelazo Ayala", Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Río Magdalena 289, Colonia Tizapan San Angel, Alcaldía Álvaro Obregón, CP 01090, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ramírez-Torres Nicolás
- Oncological Gynecology Service, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Gineco Obstetricia No. 3, "Dr. Víctor Manuel Espinosa de Los Reyes Sánchez", Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Calzada Vallejo, Esquina Antonio Valeriano, Colonia La Raza, Alcaldía Azcapotzalco, CP 02990, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gutiérrez-Osorio Verónica
- Pathology Service, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Gineco Obstetricia No. 3, "Dr. Víctor Manuel Espinosa de Los Reyes Sánchez", Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Calzada Vallejo, Esquina Antonio Valeriano, Colonia La Raza, Alcaldía Azcapotzalco, CP 02990, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Salamanca-Gómez Fabio Abdel
- Health Research Coordination, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, Colonia Doctores, Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, CP 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Piña-Sánchez Patricia
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Medical Research Unit in Oncological Diseases, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, Colonia Doctores, Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, CP 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Flores-Hernández Sergio
- Research Center in Evaluation and Surveys. Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Avenida Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, CP 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - López-Muñoz Eunice
- Medical Research Unit in Reproductive Medicine, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Gineco Obstetricia No. 4 "Luis Castelazo Ayala", Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Río Magdalena 289, Colonia Tizapan San Ángel, Alcaldía Álvaro Obregón, CP 01090, Mexico City, Mexico.
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