1
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Reichenauer F, Wang C, Förster C, Boden P, Ugur N, Báez-Cruz R, Kalmbach J, Carrella LM, Rentschler E, Ramanan C, Niedner-Schatteburg G, Gerhards M, Seitz M, Resch-Genger U, Heinze K. Strongly Red-Emissive Molecular Ruby [Cr(bpmp) 2] 3+ Surpasses [Ru(bpy) 3] 2. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11843-11855. [PMID: 34296865 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gaining chemical control over the thermodynamics and kinetics of photoexcited states is paramount to an efficient and sustainable utilization of photoactive transition metal complexes in a plethora of technologies. In contrast to energies of charge transfer states described by spatially separated orbitals, the energies of spin-flip states cannot straightforwardly be predicted as Pauli repulsion and the nephelauxetic effect play key roles. Guided by multireference quantum chemical calculations, we report a novel highly luminescent spin-flip emitter with a quantum chemically predicted blue-shifted luminescence. The spin-flip emission band of the chromium complex [Cr(bpmp)2]3+ (bpmp = 2,6-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)pyridine) shifted to higher energy from ca. 780 nm observed for known highly emissive chromium(III) complexes to 709 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yields climb to 20%, and very long excited state lifetimes in the millisecond range are achieved at room temperature in acidic D2O solution. Partial ligand deuteration increases the quantum yield to 25%. The high excited state energy of [Cr(bpmp)2]3+ and its facile reduction to [Cr(bpmp)2]2+ result in a high excited state redox potential. The ligand's methylene bridge acts as a Brønsted acid quenching the luminescence at high pH. Combined with a pH-insensitive chromium(III) emitter, ratiometric optical pH sensing is achieved with single wavelength excitation. The photophysical and ground state properties (quantum yield, lifetime, redox potential, and acid/base) of this spin-flip complex incorporating an earth-abundant metal surpass those of the classical precious metal [Ru(α-diimine)3]2+ charge transfer complexes, which are commonly employed in optical sensing and photo(redox) catalysis, underlining the bright future of these molecular ruby analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Reichenauer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Cui Wang
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Förster
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Pit Boden
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas, University Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Naz Ugur
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ricardo Báez-Cruz
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jens Kalmbach
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Luca M Carrella
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Rentschler
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Charusheela Ramanan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gereon Niedner-Schatteburg
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas, University Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas, University Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michael Seitz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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2
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Bens T, Boden P, Di Martino-Fumo P, Beerhues J, Albold U, Sobottka S, Neuman NI, Gerhards M, Sarkar B. Chromium(0) and Molydenum(0) Complexes with a Pyridyl-Mesoionic Carbene Ligand: Structural, (Spectro)electrochemical, Photochemical, and Theoretical Investigations. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:15504-15513. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bens
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34−36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pit Boden
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Patrick Di Martino-Fumo
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Julia Beerhues
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34−36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uta Albold
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34−36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Sobottka
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34−36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolás I. Neuman
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34−36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química, INTEC, UNL-CONICET Paraje El Pozo, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34−36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Paz Y. Transient IR spectroscopy as a tool for studying photocatalytic materials. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:503004. [PMID: 31469092 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab3eda] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, a considerable amount of attention has been given to the thermodynamics of photocatalysts, i.e. to the location of their valence and conduction bands on the energy scale. The kinetics of the photoinduced charge carriers at short times (i.e. prior to their surface redox reactions) is no less important. While significant work on the transient electronic spectra of photocatalysts has been performed, the transient vibrational spectra of this class of materials was hardly studied. This manuscript aims to increase the scientific awareness to the potential of transient IR spectroscopy (TRIR) as a complementary tool for understanding the first, crucial, steps of photocatalytic processes in solid photocatalysts. This was done herein first by describing the various techniques currently in use for measuring transient IR signals of photo-excited systems and discussing their pros and cons. Then, a variety of examples is given, representing different types of photocatalysts such as oxides (TiO2, NaTaO3, BiOCl, BiVO4), photosensitized oxides (dye-sensitized TiO2), organic polymers (graphitic carbon nitride) and organo-metalic photocatalysts (rhenium bipyridyl complexes). These examples span from materials with no IR fingerprint signals (TiO2) to materials having a distinct spectrum showing well-defined, localized, relatively narrow, vibrational bands (carbon nitride). In choosing the given-above examples, care was made to represent the several pump & probe techniques that are applied when studying transient IR spectroscopy, namely dispersive, transient 2D-IR spectroscopy and step-scan IR spectroscopy. It is hoped that this short review will contribute to expanding the use of TRIR as a viable and important technique among the arsenal of tools struggling to solve the mysteries behind photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Paz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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4
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Treiling S, Wang C, Förster C, Reichenauer F, Kalmbach J, Boden P, Harris JP, Carrella LM, Rentschler E, Resch-Genger U, Reber C, Seitz M, Gerhards M, Heinze K. Luminescence and Light-Driven Energy and Electron Transfer from an Exceptionally Long-Lived Excited State of a Non-Innocent Chromium(III) Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18075-18085. [PMID: 31600421 PMCID: PMC6916301 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Photoactive metal complexes employing Earth-abundant metal ions are a key to sustainable photophysical and photochemical applications. We exploit the effects of an inversion center and ligand non-innocence to tune the luminescence and photochemistry of the excited state of the [CrN6 ] chromophore [Cr(tpe)2 ]3+ with close to octahedral symmetry (tpe=1,1,1-tris(pyrid-2-yl)ethane). [Cr(tpe)2 ]3+ exhibits the longest luminescence lifetime (τ=4500 μs) reported up to date for a molecular polypyridyl chromium(III) complex together with a very high luminescence quantum yield of Φ=8.2 % at room temperature in fluid solution. Furthermore, the tpe ligands in [Cr(tpe)2 ]3+ are redox non-innocent, leading to reversible reductive chemistry. The excited state redox potential and lifetime of [Cr(tpe)2 ]3+ surpass those of the classical photosensitizer [Ru(bpy)3 ]2+ (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine) enabling energy transfer (to oxygen) and photoredox processes (with azulene and tri(n-butyl)amine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Treiling
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Cui Wang
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Förster
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian Reichenauer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jens Kalmbach
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pit Boden
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Joe P Harris
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Luca M Carrella
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Rentschler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Reber
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Michael Seitz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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5
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Treiling S, Wang C, Förster C, Reichenauer F, Kalmbach J, Boden P, Harris JP, Carrella LM, Rentschler E, Resch‐Genger U, Reber C, Seitz M, Gerhards M, Heinze K. Luminescence and Light‐Driven Energy and Electron Transfer from an Exceptionally Long‐Lived Excited State of a Non‐Innocent Chromium(III) Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Treiling
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Cui Wang
- Division BiophotonicsFederal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 12489 Berlin Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Christoph Förster
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Florian Reichenauer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Jens Kalmbach
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Pit Boden
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center OptimasTU Kaiserslautern Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Joe P. Harris
- Département de chimieUniversité de Montréal Montréal Québec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Luca M. Carrella
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Eva Rentschler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Ute Resch‐Genger
- Division BiophotonicsFederal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Christian Reber
- Département de chimieUniversité de Montréal Montréal Québec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Michael Seitz
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center OptimasTU Kaiserslautern Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
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6
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Gonçalves MR, Frin KP. Synthesis, characterization, photophysical and electrochemical properties of rhenium(I) tricarbonyl diimine complexes with triphenylphosphine ligand. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Zimmer M, Rupp F, Singer P, Walz F, Breher F, Klopper W, Diller R, Gerhards M. Time-resolved IR spectroscopy of a trinuclear palladium complex in solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:14138-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00959f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved IR spectroscopic methods covering the femto- to microsecond range in combination with (TD-)DFT computations were used to investigate the electronically excited state structure of a trinuclear Pd complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Zimmer
- Chemistry Department and Research Center Optimas
- TU Kaiserslautern
- 67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
| | - F. Rupp
- Physics Department
- TU Kaiserslautern
- 67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
| | - P. Singer
- Physics Department
- TU Kaiserslautern
- 67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
| | - F. Walz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - F. Breher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - W. Klopper
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - R. Diller
- Physics Department
- TU Kaiserslautern
- 67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
| | - M. Gerhards
- Chemistry Department and Research Center Optimas
- TU Kaiserslautern
- 67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
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8
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Chen LX, Zhang X, Shelby ML. Recent advances on ultrafast X-ray spectroscopy in the chemical sciences. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01333f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular snapshots obtained by ultrafast X-ray spectroscopy reveal new insight into fundamental reaction mechanisms at single electron and atomic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. X. Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Lemont, USA
- Department of Chemistry
- Northwestern University
| | - X. Zhang
- X-ray Science Division
- Advance Photon Source
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Lemont, USA
| | - M. L. Shelby
- Department of Chemistry
- Northwestern University
- Evanston, USA
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9
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Hu XY, Liu XJ, Feng JK. Theoretical Investigation on the Absorption and Emission Properties of the Three Isomers of Bis(thiocyanato)(2,2′-bipyridyl)platinum(II). CHINESE J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200790254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Structure and Reactivity of Organic Intermediates as Revealed by Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470133576.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
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11
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Organometallic Chemistry of Polypyridine Ligands II. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(06)94002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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12
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Influence of ligand structure and molecular geometry on the properties of d6 polypyridinic transition metal complexes. Chem Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2006.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Gabrielsson A, Blanco-Rodríguez AM, Matousek P, Towrie M, Vlček A. Different Mechanisms of Photochemical Re−Me and Re−Et Bond Homolysis in [Re(R)(CO)3(4,4‘-dimethyl-2,2‘-bipyridine)]. A Time-Resolved IR Spectroscopic Study Ranging from Picoseconds to Microseconds. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om0508886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Gabrielsson
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom, and Central Laser Facility, CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Ana María Blanco-Rodríguez
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom, and Central Laser Facility, CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Pavel Matousek
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom, and Central Laser Facility, CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Towrie
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom, and Central Laser Facility, CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Antonín Vlček
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom, and Central Laser Facility, CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
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14
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Howell SL, Gordon KC. Vibrational Spectroscopy of Reduced Re(I) Complexes of 1,10-Phenanthroline and Substituted Analogues. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:4880-7. [PMID: 16599458 DOI: 10.1021/jp056614d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
IR spectroscopy in concert with DFT calculations and resonance Raman spectroelectrochemistry has been used to identify the molecular orbital nature of the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) in reduced [Re(CO)(3)Cl(L)] and [Re(CO)(3)(4-Mepy)(L)](+) complexes, where L = 1,10-phenanthroline and its 4,7-diphenyl- and 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-substituted analogues. The SOMO of each reduced species considered was found to be of b(1) symmetry, rather than the close lying orbital of a(2) symmetry (within a C(2)(v)() symmetry description of the phenanthroline moiety). This was deduced in a number of ways. First, the average carbonyl band force constants (Deltak(av) = k(av){reduced complex} - k(av){parent complex}) range from -57 to -41 N m(-1) for the series of compounds studied. The value of Deltak(av) relates to the extent of orbital overlap between the ligand MO and the metal dpi MO. These values are consistent with population of a b(1) MO because the wave function amplitude at the chelating nitrogens for this MO is significantly greater than that for a(2) MO. Second, calculations on singly reduced [Re(CO)(3)(4-Mepy)(phen)](+) and [Re(CO)(3)(4-Mepy)(tem)](+) predict population of a b(2) SOMO. The spectra predicted for these species are in close agreement with the vibrational spectroscopic data; for the IR data the shifts in the CO bands are predicted to 6 cm(-1) and the mean absolute deviation between calculated and measured Raman bands was found to be 10 cm(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Howell
- Department of Chemistry, MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, Union Place, Dunedin, New Zealand
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15
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Blanco-Rodríguez AM, Busby M, Gradinaru C, Crane BR, Di Bilio AJ, Matousek P, Towrie M, Leigh BS, Richards JH, Vlcek A, Gray HB. Excited-State Dynamics of Structurally Characterized [Re
I
(CO)
3
(phen)(HisX)]
+
(X = 83, 109)
Pseudomonas a
eruginosa
Azurins in Aqueous Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:4365-70. [PMID: 16569013 DOI: 10.1021/ja057451+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer ((3)MLCT) dynamics of two structurally characterized Re(I)(CO)(3)(phen)(HisX)-modified (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; X = 83, 109) Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurins have been investigated by picosecond time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy in aqueous (D(2)O) solution. The (3)MLCT relaxation dynamics exhibited by the two Re(I)-azurins are very different from those of the sensitizer [Re(I)(CO)(3)(phen)(im)](+) (im = imidazole). Whereas the Re(I)(CO)(3) intramolecular vibrational relaxation in Re(I)(CO)(3)(phen)(HisX)Az (4 ps) is similar to that of [Re(I)(CO)(3)(phen)(im)](+) (2 ps), the medium relaxation is much slower ( approximately 250 vs 9.5 ps); the 250-ps relaxation is attributable to reorientation of D(2)O molecules as well as structural reorganization of the rhenium chromophore and nearby polar amino acids in each of the modified proteins.
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16
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Gabrielsson A, Matousek P, Towrie M, Hartl F, Zalis S, Vlcek A. Excited States of Nitro-Polypyridine Metal Complexes and Their Ultrafast Decay. Time-Resolved IR Absorption, Spectroelectrochemistry, and TD-DFT Calculations of fac-[Re(Cl)(CO)3(5-Nitro-1,10-phenanthroline)]. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:6147-53. [PMID: 16833954 DOI: 10.1021/jp051677h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The lowest absorption band of fac-[Re(Cl)(CO)3(5-NO2-phen)] encompasses two close-lying MLCT transitions. The lower one is directed to LUMO, which is heavily localized on the NO2 group. The UV-vis absorption spectrum is well accounted for by TD-DFT (G03/PBEPBE1/CPCM), provided that the solvent, MeCN, is included in the calculations. Near-UV excitation of fac-[Re(Cl)(CO)3(5-NO2-phen)] populates a triplet metal to ligand charge-transfer excited state, 3MLCT, that was characterized by picosecond time-resolved IR spectroscopy. Large positive shifts of the nu(CO) bands upon excitation (+70 cm(-1) for the A'1 band) signify a very large charge separation between the Re(Cl)(CO)3 unit and the 5-NO2-phen ligand. Details of the excited-state character are revealed by TD-DFT calculated changes of electron density distribution. Experimental excited-state nu(CO) wavenumbers agree well with those calculated by DFT. The 3MLCT state decays with a ca. 10 ps lifetime (in MeCN) into another transient species, that was identified by TRIR and TD-DFT calculations as an intraligand 3npi excited state, whereby the electron density is excited from the NO2 oxygen lone pairs to the pi system of 5-NO2-phen. This state is short-lived, decaying to the ground state with a approximately 30 ps lifetime. The presence of an npi state seems to be the main factor responsible for the lack of emission and the very short lifetimes of 3MLCT states seen in all d6-metal complexes of nitro-polypyridyl ligands. Localization of the excited electron density in the lowest 3MLCT states parallels localization of the extra electron in the reduced state that is characterized by a very small negative shift of the nu(CO) IR bands (-6 cm(-1) for A'1) but a large downward shift of the nu(s)(NO2) IR band. The Re-Cl bond is unusually stable toward reduction, whereas the Cl ligand is readily substituted upon oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Gabrielsson
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Research, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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Blanco Rodríguez AM, Gabrielsson A, Motevalli M, Matousek P, Towrie M, Sebera J, Zális S, Vlcek A. Ligand-to-Diimine/Metal-to-Diimine Charge-Transfer Excited States of [Re(NCS)(CO)3(α-diimine)] (α-diimine = 2,2‘-bipyridine, di-iPr-N,N-1,4-diazabutadiene). A Spectroscopic and Computational Study. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:5016-25. [PMID: 16833853 DOI: 10.1021/jp044114z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two new complexes fac-[Re(NCS)(CO)3(N,N)] (N,N = 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy), di-iPr-N,N-1,4-diazabutadiene (iPr-DAB)) were synthesized and their molecular structures determined by X-ray diffraction. UV-vis absorption, resonance Raman, emission, and picosecond time-resolved IR spectra were measured experimentally and calculated with TD-DFT. A good agreement between experimental and calculated ground- and excited-state spectra is obtained, but only if the solvent (MeCN) is included into calculations and excited state structures are fully optimized at the TD-DFT level. The lowest excited states of the bpy and iPr-DAB complexes are assigned by TD-DFT as 3aA' by comparison of calculated and experimental IR spectra. Excited-state lifetimes of 23 ns and ca. 625 ps were determined for the bpy and DAB complex, respectively, in a fluid solution at room temperature. Biexponential emission decay (1.3, 2.7 micros) observed for [Re(NCS)(CO)3(bpy)] in a 77 K glass indicates the presence of two unequilibrated emissive states. Low-lying electronic transitions and excited states of both complexes have a mixed NCS --> N,N ligand-to-ligand and Re --> N,N metal-to-ligand charge-transfer character (LLCT/MLCT). It originates in mixing between Re d(pi) and NCS pi characters in high-lying occupied MOs. Experimentally, the LLCT/MLCT mixing in the lowest excited state is manifested by shifting the nu(CO) and nu(NC) IR bands to higher and lower wavenumbers, respectively, upon excitation. Resonant enhancement of both nu(CO) and nu(NC) Raman bands indicates that the same LLCT/MLCT character mixing occurs in the lowest allowed electronic transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Blanco Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Research, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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Howell SL, Scott SM, Flood AH, Gordon KC. The Effect of Reduction on Rhenium(I) Complexes with Binaphthyridine and Biquinoline Ligands: A Spectroscopic and Computational Study. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:3745-53. [PMID: 16839043 DOI: 10.1021/jp0502252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A number of rhenium complexes with binaphthyridine and biquinoline ligands have been synthesized and studied. These are [Re(L)(CO)3Cl] where L = 3,3'-dimethylene-2,2'-bi-1,8-naphthyridine (dbn), 2,2'-bi-1,8-naphthyridine (bn), 3,3'-dimethylene-2,2'-biquinoline (dbq), and 3,3'-dimethyl-2,2'-biquinoline (diq). This series represents ligands in which the electronic properties and steric preferences are tuned. These complexes are modeled using density functional theory (DFT). An analysis of the resonance Raman spectra for these complexes, in concert with the vibrational assignments, reveals that the accepting molecular orbital (MO) in the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transition is the LUMO and causes bonding changes at the inter-ring section of the ligand. The electronic absorption spectroelectrochemistry for the reduced complexes of [Re(dbn)(CO)3Cl], [Re(dbq)(CO)3Cl], and [Re(diq)(CO)3Cl] suggest that the singly occupied MO is delocalized over the entire ligand structure despite the nonplanar nature of the diq ligand in [Re(diq)(CO)3Cl]. The IR spectroelectrochemistry for [Re(dbn)(CO)3Cl], [Re(dbq)(CO)3Cl], and [Re(bn)(CO)3Cl] reveal that reduction lowers the CO ligand vibrational frequencies to a similar extent in all three complexes. The substitution of naphthyridine for quinoline has little effect on the nature of the singly occupied MO. These data are supported by DFT calculations on the reduced complexes, which reveal that the ligands are flattened out by reduction: This may explain the similarity in the properties of the reduced complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Howell
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Union Place, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Huynh MHV, Dattelbaum DM, Meyer TJ. Exited state electron and energy transfer in molecular assemblies. Coord Chem Rev 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Busby M, Gabrielsson A, Matousek P, Towrie M, Di Bilio AJ, Gray HB, Vlcek A. Excited-State Dynamics of fac-[ReI(L)(CO)3(phen)]+ and fac-[ReI(L)(CO)3(5-NO2-phen)]+ (L = Imidazole, 4-Ethylpyridine; Phen = 1,10-Phenanthroline) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2004; 43:4994-5002. [PMID: 15285676 DOI: 10.1021/ic035471b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The nature and dynamics of the lowest excited states of fac-[Re(I)(L)(CO)(3)(phen)](+) and fac-[Re(I)(L)(CO)(3)(5-NO(2)-phen)](+) [L = Cl(-), 4-ethyl-pyridine (4-Etpy), imidazole (imH); phen = 1,10-phenanthroline] have been investigated by picosecond visible and IR transient absorption spectroscopy in aqueous (L = imH), acetonitrile (L = 4-Etpy, imH), and MeOH (L = imH) solutions. The phen complexes have long-lived Re(I) --> phen (3)MLCT excited states, characterized by CO stretching frequencies that are upshifted relative to their ground-state values and by widely split IR bands due to the out-of-phase A'(2) and A"nu(CO) vibrations. The lowest excited states of the 5-NO(2)-phen complexes also have (3)MLCT character; the larger upward nu(CO) shifts accord with much more extensive charge transfer from the Re(I)(CO)(3) unit to 5-NO(2)-phen in these states. Transient visible absorption spectra indicate that the excited electron is delocalized over the 5-NO(2)-phen ligand, which acquires radical anionic character. Similarly, involvement of the -NO(2) group in the Franck-Condon MLCT transition is manifested by the presence of an enhanced nu(NO(2)) band in the preresonance Raman spectrum of [Re(I)(4-Etpy)(CO)(3)(5-NO(2)-phen)](+). The Re(I) --> 5-NO(2)-phen (3)MLCT excited states are very short-lived: 7.6, 170, and 43 ps for L = Cl(-), 4-Etpy, and imH, respectively, in CH(3)CN solutions. The (3)MLCT excited state of [Re(I)(imH)(CO)(3)(5-NO(2)-phen)](+) is even shorter-lived in MeOH (15 ps) and H(2)O (1.3 ps). In addition to (3)MLCT, excitation of [Re(I)(imH)(CO)(3)(5-NO(2)-phen)](+) populates a (3)LLCT (imH --> 5-NO(2)-phen) excited state. Most of the (3)LLCT population decays to the ground state (time constants of 19 (H(2)O), 50 (MeOH), and 72 ps (CH(3)CN)); in a small fraction, however, deprotonation of the imH.+ ligand occurs, producing a long-lived species, [Re(I)(im.)(CO)(3)(5-NO(2)-phen).-]+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Busby
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Research, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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Dattelbaum DM, Omberg KM, Hay PJ, Gebhart NL, Martin RL, Schoonover JR, Meyer TJ. Defining Electronic Excited States Using Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp037096e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana M. Dattelbaum
- Materials Science and Technology and Theoretical Divisions and the Associate Director for Strategic Research, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Kristin M. Omberg
- Materials Science and Technology and Theoretical Divisions and the Associate Director for Strategic Research, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - P. Jeffrey Hay
- Materials Science and Technology and Theoretical Divisions and the Associate Director for Strategic Research, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Nouvelle L. Gebhart
- Materials Science and Technology and Theoretical Divisions and the Associate Director for Strategic Research, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Richard L. Martin
- Materials Science and Technology and Theoretical Divisions and the Associate Director for Strategic Research, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Jon R. Schoonover
- Materials Science and Technology and Theoretical Divisions and the Associate Director for Strategic Research, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Materials Science and Technology and Theoretical Divisions and the Associate Director for Strategic Research, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
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Dattelbaum DM, Martin RL, Schoonover JR, Meyer TJ. Molecular and Electronic Structure in the Metal-to-Ligand Charge Transfer Excited States of fac-[Re(4,4‘-X2bpy)(CO)3(4-Etpy)]+* (X = CH3, H, Co2Et). Application of Density Functional Theory and Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp037095m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana M. Dattelbaum
- Materials Science and Technology and Theoretical Divisions and the Associate Laboratory Director's Office for Strategic Research, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Richard L. Martin
- Materials Science and Technology and Theoretical Divisions and the Associate Laboratory Director's Office for Strategic Research, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Jon R. Schoonover
- Materials Science and Technology and Theoretical Divisions and the Associate Laboratory Director's Office for Strategic Research, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Materials Science and Technology and Theoretical Divisions and the Associate Laboratory Director's Office for Strategic Research, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
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Ortiz TP, Marshall JA, Emmert LA, Yang J, Choi W, Costello AL, Brozik JA. Transient Mixed-Valence Character of ReI4(CO)12(4,4‘-bpy)4Cl4. Inorg Chem 2003; 43:132-41. [PMID: 14704060 DOI: 10.1021/ic034560l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study addresses, in detail, the orbital nature and the extent of metal-metal communication in the lowest emitting triplet state of Re(4)(CO)(12)(4,4'-bpy)(4)Cl(4) (where 4,4'-bpy = 4,4'-bipyridine) as well as the symmetry of the lowest (3)MLCT manifold in comparison to that of the ground state. All spectral evidence points to (1). a (3)MLCT excited manifold localized between a single Re(I) corner and an adjacent bridging ligand, (2). a transient mixed-valence state that is completely localized between a single transiently oxidized Re center and the adjacent metals, and (3). a second-order charge transfer from a localized transiently reduced bridging ligand to the adjacent Re(I) center to which it is attached, effectively lowering its oxidation state. The orbital nature of the lowest (3)MLCT manifold is fully corroborated by a molecular orbital diagram derived from quantum chemical modeling studies, while the existence of the localization, localized mixed valency, and second-order charge transfer rely on spectral evidence alone. This work makes use of low-temperature time-resolved infrared (TRIR) techniques as well as a luminescence study. Many of the nuances of the luminescence and TRIR data interpretation are extracted from statistical analysis and quantum chemical modeling studies. The relative concentrations of the dominant conformers that exist for Re(4)(CO)(12)(4,4'-bpy)(4)Cl(4) have also been estimated from Boltzmann statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore P Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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24
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Dattelbaum DM, Omberg KM, Schoonover JR, Martin RL, Meyer TJ. Application of time-resolved infrared spectroscopy to electronic structure in metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited states. Inorg Chem 2002; 41:6071-9. [PMID: 12425635 DOI: 10.1021/ic020400i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Infrared data in the nu(CO) region (1800-2150 cm(-1), in acetonitrile at 298 K) are reported for the ground (nu(gs)) and polypyridyl-based, metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited (nu(es)) states of cis-[Os(pp)2(CO)(L)](n)(+) (pp = 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) or 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy); L = PPh3, CH(3)CN, pyridine, Cl, or H) and fac-[Re(pp)(CO)3(4-Etpy)](+) (pp = phen, bpy, 4,4'-(CH3)2bpy, 4,4'-(CH3O)2bpy, or 4,4'-(CO2Et)2bpy; 4-Etpy = 4-ethylpyridine). Systematic variations in nu(gs), nu(es), and Delta(nu) (Delta(nu) = nu(es) - nu(gs)) are observed with the excited-to-ground-state energy gap (E(0)) derived by a Franck-Condon analysis of emission spectra. These variations can be explained qualitatively by invoking a series of electronic interactions. Variations in dpi(M)-pi(CO) back-bonding are important in the ground state. In the excited state, the important interactions are (1) loss of back-bonding and sigma(M-CO) bond polarization, (2) pi(pp*-)-pi(CO) mixing, which provides the orbital basis for mixing pi(CO)- and pi(4,4'-X(2)bpy)-based MLCT excited states, and (3) dpi(M)-pi(pp) mixing, which provides the orbital basis for mixing pipi- and pi(4,4'-X(2)bpy*-)-based MLCT states. The results of density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the ground and excited states of fac-[Re(I)(bpy)(CO)3(4-Etpy)](+) provide assignments for the nu(CO) modes in the MLCT excited state. They also support the importance of pi(4,4'-X2bpy*-)-pi(CO) mixing, provide an explanation for the relative intensities of the A'(2) and A' ' excited-state bands, and provide an explanation for the large excited-to-ground-state nu(CO) shift for the A'(2) mode and its relative insensitivity to variations in X.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Dattelbaum
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
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Dattelbaum DM, Hartshorn CM, Meyer TJ. Direct measurement of excited-state intervalence transfer in [(tpy)Ru(III)(tppz(*-))Ru(II)(tpy)](4+) by time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:4938-9. [PMID: 11982340 DOI: 10.1021/ja010892i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Extension of time-resolved infrared (TRIR) measurements into the near-infrared region has allowed the first direct measurement of a mixed-valence band in the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited state of a symmetrical ligand-bridged complex. Visible laser flash excitation of [(tpy)Ru(tppz)Ru(tpy)]4+ (tppz is 2,3,5,6-tetrakis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine; tpy is 2,2':6',6' '-terpyridine) produces the mixed-valence, MLCT excited state [(tpy)RuIII(tppz*-)RuII(tpy)]4+* with the excited electron localized on the bridging tppz ligand. A mixed-valence band appears at numax = 6300 cm-1 with a bandwidth-at-half- maximum, Deltanu1/2 = 1070 cm-1. In the analogous ground-state complex, [(tpy)Ru(tppz)Ru(tpy)]5+, a mixed-valence band appears at numax = 6550 cm-1 with Deltanu1/2 = 970 cm-1 which allows a comparison to be made of electronic coupling across tppz0 and tppz*- as bridging ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Dattelbaum
- Department of Chemistry, CB No. 3290, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
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Dattelbaum DM, Meyer TJ. Metal-to-Ligand Charge Transfer Excited-State ν(CO) Shifts in Rigid Media. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp014057z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana M. Dattelbaum
- Department of Chemistry, CB 3290, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, and Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS A127, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, CB 3290, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, and Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS A127, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
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Gordon K, Burrell A, Simpson T, Page S, Kelso G, Polson M, Flood A. Probing the Nature of the Redox Products and Lowest Excited State of [(bpy)2Ru(μ-bptz)Ru(bpy)2]4+: A Resonance Raman Study. Eur J Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0682(200203)2002:3<554::aid-ejic554>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Bridgewater JS, Netzel TL, Schoonover JR, Massick SM, Ford PC. Time-resolved optical and infrared spectral studies of intermediates generated by photolysis of trans-RhCl(CO)(PR3)2. Roles Played in the Photocatalytic Activation of Hydrocarbons. Inorg Chem 2001; 40:1466-76. [PMID: 11261952 DOI: 10.1021/ic001298x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Described are picosecond and nanosecond time-resolved optical (TRO) spectral and nanosecond time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectral studies of intermediates generated when the rhodium(I) complexes trans-RhCl(CO)L2 (L = PPh3 (I), P(p-tolyl)3 (II), or PMe3 (III)) are subjected to photoexcitation. Each of these species, which are precursors in the photocatalytic activation of hydrocarbons, undergoes CO labilization to form an intermediate concluded to be the solvated complex RhCl(Sol)L2 (A(i)). The picosecond studies demonstrate that an initial transient is formed promptly (<30 ps), which decays to A(i) with lifetimes ranging from 40 to 560 ps depending upon L and the medium. This is proposed on the basis of ab initio calculations to be a metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited state. Second-order rate constants (kCO) for reaction of the A(i) with CO were determined, and these depend on the nature of L and the solvent, the slowest rate being for A(I) in tetrahydrofuran (kCO = 7.1 x 10(6) M(-1) x s(-1)), the fastest being for A(III) in dichloromethane (1.3 x 10(9) M(-1) x s(-1)). Each A(i) also undergoes competitive unimolecular reaction with solvent to form long-lived transients with TRIR properties suggesting these to be Rh(III) products of oxidative addition. Although this was mostly suppressed by the presence of higher concentrations of CO (which trapped A(i) to re-form the starting complexes in each case), both TRO and TRIR experiments indicate that a fraction of the oxidative addition could not be quenched. Thus, the short-lived MLCT state or a vibrationally hot species formed during the decay of this excited state appears to participate directly in C-H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Bridgewater
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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Massick SM, Rabor JG, Elbers S, Marhenke J, Bernhard S, Schoonover JR, Ford PC. Time-resolved infrared spectroscopic study of reactive acyl intermediates relevant to cobalt-catalyzed carbonylations. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:3098-106. [PMID: 11196907 DOI: 10.1021/ic000378y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved infrared spectroscopic studies have been used to characterize the reactive intermediate CH3C(O)Co(CO)2PPh3 (ICo), which is relevant to the mechanism of the catalysis of alkene hydroformylation by the phosphine-modified cobalt carbonyls. Step-scan FTIR and (variable) single-frequency time-resolved infrared detection on the microsecond time scale were used to record the spectrum of ICo and to demonstrate that the principal photoproduct of the subsequent reaction of this species at PCO = 1 atm is the methyl cobalt complex CH3Co(CO)3PPh3 (MCo). At higher PCO the trapping of ICo with CO to re-form CH3C(O)Co(CO)3PPh3 (ACo) (rate = kCO[CO][ICo]) was shown to become competitive with the rate of acetyl-to-cobalt methyl migration to give MCo (rate = kM[ICo]). Activation parameters for the competing pathways in benzene were determined to be delta H++CO = 57 +/- 04 kJ mol-1, delta S++CO = -91 +/- 12 J mol-1 K-1 and delta H++M = 40 +/- 2 kJ mol-1, delta S++M = -19 +/- 5 J mol-1 K-1. The effects of varying the solvent on the competitive reactions of ICo were also explored, and the mechanistic implications of these results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Massick
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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Smith GD, Maxwell KA, DeSimone JM, Meyer TJ, Palmer RA. Step-scan FTIR time-resolved spectroscopy study of excited-state dipole orientation in soluble metallopolymers. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:893-8. [PMID: 12526366 DOI: 10.1021/ic990819h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Step-scan FTIR time-resolved spectroscopy (S2FTIR TRS) in acetonitrile-d3 has been used to probe the acceptor ligand in metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states of amide-substituted polypyridyl complexes of RuII and in analogues appended to polystyrene. On the basis of ground-to-excited state shifts in v(C = O) of -31 cm-1 for the amide group in [RuII(bpy)2(bpyCONHEt')]2+ (bpyCONHEt' = 4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine-4-carboxamide-Et'; Et' = -CH2CH2BzCH2CH3) (1) and in the derivatized polystyrene abbreviated [PS-[CH2-CH2NHCObpy-RuII(bpy)2]20]40+ (3), the excited-state dipole is directed toward the amide-containing pyridyl group in the polymer side chain. Smaller shifts in v(C = O) of -17 cm-1 in [RuII(4,4'-(CONEt2)2bpy)2-(bpyCONHEt')]2+ (2) and in the derivatized polystyrene abbreviated [PS-[CH2CH2NHCObpy-RuII(4,4'-(CONEt2)2bpy)2]20]40+ (4) indicate that the excited-state dipole is directed toward one of the diamide bpy ligands. The nearly identical results for 1 and 3 and for 2 and 4 show that the molecular and electronic structures of the monomer excited states are largely retained in the polymer samples. These conclusions about dipole orientation in the polymers are potentially of importance in understanding intrastrand energy transfer dynamics. The excited-state dipole in 3 is oriented in the direction of the covalent link to the polymer backbone, and toward nearest neighbors. In 4, it is oriented away from the backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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Woessner SM, Helms JB, Lantzky KM, Sullivan BP. Terminal-to-Interior Energy Transfer in a "Linear" Oligomeric Diphosphine-Bridged Complex of Re(I). Inorg Chem 1999; 38:4378-4379. [PMID: 11671142 DOI: 10.1021/ic981280a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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López R, Leiva AM, Zuloaga F, Loeb B, Norambuena E, Omberg KM, Schoonover JR, Striplin D, Devenney M, Meyer TJ. Excited-State Electron Transfer in a Chromophore-Quencher Complex. Spectroscopic Identification of a Redox-Separated State. Inorg Chem 1999; 38:2924-2930. [PMID: 11671039 DOI: 10.1021/ic981050w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the chromophore-quencher complex fac-[Re(Aqphen)(CO)(3)(py-PTZ)](+) (Aqphen is 12,17-dihydronaphtho[2,3-h]dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]-phenazine-12,17-dione; py-PTZ is 10-(4-picolyl)phenothiazine), Aqphen is a dppz derivative, containing a pendant quinone acceptor at the terminus of a rigid ligand framework. This introduces a third, low-lying, ligand-based pi acceptor level localized largely on the quinone fragment. Laser flash excitation of fac-[Re(Aqphen)(CO)(3)(py-PTZ)](+) (354.7 nm; in 1,2-dichloroethane) results in the appearance of a relatively long-lived transient that decays with tau(298K) = 300 ns (k = 3.3 x 10(6) s(-)(1)). Application of transient absorption, time-resolved resonance Raman, and time-resolved infrared spectroscopies proves that this transient is the redox-separated state fac-[Re(I)(Aqphen(*)(-)())(CO)(3)(py-PTZ(*)(+)())](+) in which the excited electron is localized largely on the quinone portion of the Aqphen ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa López
- Department of Chemistry, CB#3290, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
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Bourassa J, Lee B, Bernard S, Schoonover J, Ford PC. Flash Photolysis Studies of Roussin's Black Salt Anion: Fe(4)S(3)(NO)(7)(-). Inorg Chem 1999; 38:2947-2952. [PMID: 11671043 DOI: 10.1021/ic981282v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A time-resolved optical (UV-vis) spectroscopic study of Roussin's black salt anion, Fe(4)S(3)(NO)(7)(-), revealed two separate intermediates, X and Y, following laser flash photolysis. Both intermediates react with nitric oxide with second-order kinetics to re-form the parent complex (k(NO)(X)() = 1.3 x 10(7) M(-)(1) s(-)(1); k(NO)(Y)() = 7.0 x 10(5) M(-)(1) s(-)(1) in aqueous solutions). The shorter-lived intermediate X was observed in time resolved infrared spectroscopic studies. Isotopic labeling experiments involving the exchange of black salt nitrosyls with (15)NO(2)(-) or (15)N(18)O were used to probe the correlation between nu(NO) bands and the anion structures. The identities of the intermediates are interpreted in terms of photolytic loss of chemically distinct nitrosyls found on the Fe(4)S(3)(NO)(7)(-) anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Bourassa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, and Integrated Spectroscopy Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
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Ford PC, Bridgewater JS, Massick S, Marhenke J. Photochemical strategies for investigating organometallic intermediates relevant to catalysis mechanisms. Catal Today 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-5861(98)00456-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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Lorković IM, Miranda KM, Lee B, Bernhard S, Schoonover JR, Ford PC. Flash Photolysis Studies of the Ruthenium(II) Porphyrins Ru(P)(NO)(ONO). Multiple Pathways Involving Reactions of Intermediates with Nitric Oxide1. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja981907o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan M. Lorković
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, and Bioscience/Biotechnology Group (CST-4), Chemical Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Katrina M. Miranda
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, and Bioscience/Biotechnology Group (CST-4), Chemical Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Brian Lee
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, and Bioscience/Biotechnology Group (CST-4), Chemical Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Stefan Bernhard
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, and Bioscience/Biotechnology Group (CST-4), Chemical Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Jon R. Schoonover
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, and Bioscience/Biotechnology Group (CST-4), Chemical Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Peter C. Ford
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, and Bioscience/Biotechnology Group (CST-4), Chemical Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
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Kleverlaan CJ, Stufkens DJ, Clark IP, George MW, Turner JJ, Martino DM, van Willigen H, Vlček A. Photoinduced Radical Formation from the Complexes [Re(R)(CO)3(4,4‘-Me2-bpy)] (R = CH3, CD3, Et, iPr, Bz): A Nanosecond Time-Resolved Emission, UV−Vis and IR Absorption, and FT-EPR Study. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja980540k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis J. Kleverlaan
- Contribution from the Anorganisch Chemisch Laboratorium, Institute of Molecular Chemistry, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K., Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, and Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Derk J. Stufkens
- Contribution from the Anorganisch Chemisch Laboratorium, Institute of Molecular Chemistry, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K., Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, and Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Ian P. Clark
- Contribution from the Anorganisch Chemisch Laboratorium, Institute of Molecular Chemistry, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K., Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, and Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Michael W. George
- Contribution from the Anorganisch Chemisch Laboratorium, Institute of Molecular Chemistry, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K., Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, and Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, U.K
| | - James J. Turner
- Contribution from the Anorganisch Chemisch Laboratorium, Institute of Molecular Chemistry, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K., Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, and Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Débora M. Martino
- Contribution from the Anorganisch Chemisch Laboratorium, Institute of Molecular Chemistry, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K., Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, and Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Hans van Willigen
- Contribution from the Anorganisch Chemisch Laboratorium, Institute of Molecular Chemistry, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K., Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, and Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Antonín Vlček
- Contribution from the Anorganisch Chemisch Laboratorium, Institute of Molecular Chemistry, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K., Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, and Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, U.K
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38
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McGarvey JJ, Callaghan P, Coates CG, Schoonover JR, Kelly JM, Jacquet L, Gordon KC. Comment on “Resonance Raman Investigation of [Ru(phen)2(dppz)2+] and Related Complexes in Water and in the Presence of DNA”. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp981111b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John J. McGarvey
- School of Chemistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, N. Ireland; Chemical Science & Technology Division, Mail Stop J586, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545; Department of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland; and Chemistry Department, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Philip Callaghan
- School of Chemistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, N. Ireland; Chemical Science & Technology Division, Mail Stop J586, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545; Department of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland; and Chemistry Department, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Colin G. Coates
- School of Chemistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, N. Ireland; Chemical Science & Technology Division, Mail Stop J586, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545; Department of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland; and Chemistry Department, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jon R. Schoonover
- School of Chemistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, N. Ireland; Chemical Science & Technology Division, Mail Stop J586, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545; Department of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland; and Chemistry Department, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - John M. Kelly
- School of Chemistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, N. Ireland; Chemical Science & Technology Division, Mail Stop J586, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545; Department of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland; and Chemistry Department, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Luc Jacquet
- School of Chemistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, N. Ireland; Chemical Science & Technology Division, Mail Stop J586, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545; Department of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland; and Chemistry Department, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- School of Chemistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, N. Ireland; Chemical Science & Technology Division, Mail Stop J586, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545; Department of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland; and Chemistry Department, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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39
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Schoonover JR, Strouse GF. Time-Resolved Vibrational Spectroscopy of Electronically Excited Inorganic Complexes in Solution. Chem Rev 1998; 98:1335-1356. [PMID: 11848935 DOI: 10.1021/cr950273q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon R. Schoonover
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
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40
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Schoonover JR, Shreve AP, Dyer RB, Cleary RL, Ward MD, Bignozzi CA. Time-Resolved Infrared Studies on Two Isomeric Ruthenium(II)/Rhenium(I) Complexes Containing a Nonsymmetric Quaterpyridine Bridging Ligand. Inorg Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ic9705305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne L. McKelvy
- Analytical Sciences Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, U.S.A., Midland, Michigan 48667, and Applied Extrusion Technologies, 15 Reads Way, Newcastle, Delaware 19720
| | - Thomas R. Britt
- Analytical Sciences Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, U.S.A., Midland, Michigan 48667, and Applied Extrusion Technologies, 15 Reads Way, Newcastle, Delaware 19720
| | - Bradley L. Davis
- Analytical Sciences Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, U.S.A., Midland, Michigan 48667, and Applied Extrusion Technologies, 15 Reads Way, Newcastle, Delaware 19720
| | - J. Kevin Gillie
- Analytical Sciences Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, U.S.A., Midland, Michigan 48667, and Applied Extrusion Technologies, 15 Reads Way, Newcastle, Delaware 19720
| | - Felicia B. Graves
- Analytical Sciences Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, U.S.A., Midland, Michigan 48667, and Applied Extrusion Technologies, 15 Reads Way, Newcastle, Delaware 19720
| | - L. Alice Lentz
- Analytical Sciences Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, U.S.A., Midland, Michigan 48667, and Applied Extrusion Technologies, 15 Reads Way, Newcastle, Delaware 19720
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42
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Chen P, Palmer RA, Meyer TJ. Electronic Structure in Pyridinium-Based Metal-to-Ligand Charge-Transfer Excited States by Step-Scan FTIR Time-Resolved Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp980225k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pingyun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346
| | - Richard A. Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
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43
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McFarlane K, Lee B, Bridgewater J, Ford PC. Time resolved infrared spectroscopy as a technique to study reactive organometallic intermediates. J Organomet Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(97)00600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Abbott LC, Arnold CJ, Ye TQ, Gordon KC, Perutz RN, Hester RE, Moore JN. Ultrafast Time-Resolved UV−Visible and Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy of Binuclear Rhenium(I) Polypyridyl Complexes in Solution. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp972526k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence C. Abbott
- Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, York YO1 5DD, UK
| | - Caroline J. Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, York YO1 5DD, UK
| | - Tian-Qing Ye
- Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, York YO1 5DD, UK
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, York YO1 5DD, UK
| | - Robin N. Perutz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, York YO1 5DD, UK
| | - Ronald E. Hester
- Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, York YO1 5DD, UK
| | - John N. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, York YO1 5DD, UK
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45
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Bridgewater JS, Lee B, Bernhard S, Schoonover JR, Ford PC. Time-Resolved Infrared Spectral Studies of Photochemically Induced Oxidative Addition of Benzene to trans-RhCl(CO)(PMe3)2. Organometallics 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/om970679o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon S. Bridgewater
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, and Bioscience/Biotechnology Group (CST-4), Chemical Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Brian Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, and Bioscience/Biotechnology Group (CST-4), Chemical Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Stefan Bernhard
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, and Bioscience/Biotechnology Group (CST-4), Chemical Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Jon R. Schoonover
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, and Bioscience/Biotechnology Group (CST-4), Chemical Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Peter C. Ford
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, and Bioscience/Biotechnology Group (CST-4), Chemical Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
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46
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Omberg KM, Schoonover JR, Meyer TJ. Electronic Distribution in the Metal-to-Ligand Charge Transfer (MLCT) Excited States of [(4,4‘-(X)2bpy)(CO)3ReI(4,4‘-bpy)ReI(CO)3(4,4‘-(X)2bpy)]2+ (X = H, CH3). Application of Time-Resolved Infrared and Resonance Raman Spectroscopies. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp972522f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M. Omberg
- Department of Chemistry, CB#3290, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, and the Bioscience and Biotechnology Group (CST-4), Chemical Science and Technology Division, Mail Stop J586, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Jon R. Schoonover
- Department of Chemistry, CB#3290, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, and the Bioscience and Biotechnology Group (CST-4), Chemical Science and Technology Division, Mail Stop J586, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, CB#3290, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, and the Bioscience and Biotechnology Group (CST-4), Chemical Science and Technology Division, Mail Stop J586, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
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47
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Schoonover JR, Bignozzi CA, Meyer TJ. Application of transient vibrational spectroscopies to the excited states of metal polypyridyl complexes. Coord Chem Rev 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0010-8545(97)90157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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48
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49
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Ford PC, Bridgewater JS, Lee B. Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy in Studies of Organometallic Excited States and Reactive Intermediates. Photochem Photobiol 1997. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1997.tb01877.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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