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Benitez B, Kwak M, Succi PJ, Weir JP, Bergstrom HC. Unilaterally Induced Quadriceps Fatigue during Sustained Submaximal Isometric Exercise Does Not Alter Contralateral Leg Extensor Performance. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:85. [PMID: 37367249 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8020085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of fatiguing unilateral exercise on the ipsilateral, exercised, and contralateral, non-exercised limb's post-exercise performance in males and females. Ten males and ten females performed a fatiguing, unilateral isometric leg extension at 50% maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) force. Prior to and immediately after the fatiguing tasks, MVICs were performed for the exercised and non-exercised limb, with surface electromyographic (sEMG) and mechanomyography (sMMG) amplitude (AMP) and mean power frequency (MPF) recorded from each limb's vastus lateralis. There were no fatigue-induced, sex-dependent, differences in time to task failure (p = 0.265) or ipsilateral performance fatigability (p = 0.437). However, there was a limb by time interaction (p < 0.001) which indicated decreases in MVIC force of the ipsilateral, exercised (p < 0.001), but not the contralateral, non-exercised limb (p = 0.962). There were no sex-dependent, fatigue-induced differences in neurophysiological outcomes between the limbs (p > 0.05), but there was a fatigue-induced difference in sEMG MPF (p = 0.005). To summarize, there were no differences in fatigability between males and females. Moreover, there was insufficient evidence to support the presence of a general crossover effect following submaximal unilateral isometric exercise. However, independent of sex, the neurophysiological outcomes suggested that competing inputs from the nervous system may influence the performance of both limbs following unilateral fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Benitez
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Minyoung Kwak
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Pasquale J Succi
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Joseph P Weir
- Department of Health, Sport & Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Haley C Bergstrom
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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2
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van der Groen O, Latella C, Nosaka K, Edwards D, Teo WP, Taylor JL. Corticospinal and intracortical responses from both motor cortices following unilateral concentric versus eccentric contractions. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:619-632. [PMID: 36512398 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cross-education is the phenomenon where training of one limb can cause neuromuscular adaptations in the opposite untrained limb. This effect has been reported to be greater after eccentric (ECC) than concentric (CON) strength training; however, the underpinning neurophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, we compared responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in both motor cortices following single sessions of unilateral ECC and CON exercise of the elbow flexors. Fourteen healthy adults performed three sets of 10 ECC and CON right elbow flexor contractions at 75% of respective maximum on separate days. Elbow flexor maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torques were measured before and after exercise, and responses to single- and paired-pulse TMS were recorded from the non-exercised left and exercised right biceps brachii. Pre-exercise and post-exercise responses for ECC and CON were compared by repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs). MVIC torque of the exercised arm decreased (p < 0.01) after CON (-30 ± 14%) and ECC (-39 ± 13%) similarly. For the non-exercised left biceps brachii, resting motor threshold (RMT) decreased after CON only (-4.2 ± 3.9% of maximum stimulator output [MSO], p < 0.01), and intracortical facilitation (ICF) decreased (-15.2 ± 20.0%, p = 0.038) after ECC only. For the exercised right biceps, RMT increased after ECC (8.6 ± 6.2% MSO, p = 0.014) but not after CON (6.4 ± 8.1% MSO, p = 0.066). Thus, unilateral ECC and CON elbow flexor exercise modulated excitability differently for the non-exercised hemisphere. These findings suggest that responses after a single bout of exercise may not reflect longer term adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onno van der Groen
- Neurorehabilitation and Robotics Laboratory, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.,Exercise Medicine Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher Latella
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.,Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Dylan Edwards
- Neurorehabilitation and Robotics Laboratory, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.,Exercise Medicine Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wei-Peng Teo
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Janet L Taylor
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.,Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia
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3
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Dres M, de Abreu MG, Merdji H, Müller-Redetzky H, Dellweg D, Randerath WJ, Mortaza S, Jung B, Bruells C, Moerer O, Scharffenberg M, Jaber S, Besset S, Bitter T, Geise A, Heine A, Malfertheiner MV, Kortgen A, Benzaquen J, Nelson T, Uhrig A, Moenig O, Meziani F, Demoule A, Similowski T. Randomized Clinical Study of Temporary Transvenous Phrenic Nerve Stimulation in Difficult-to-Wean Patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 205:1169-1178. [PMID: 35108175 PMCID: PMC9872796 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202107-1709oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Diaphragm dysfunction is frequently observed in critically ill patients with difficult weaning from mechanical ventilation. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of temporary transvenous diaphragm neurostimulation on weaning outcome and maximal inspiratory pressure. Methods: Multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled study. Patients aged ⩾18 years on invasive mechanical ventilation for ⩾4 days and having failed at least two weaning attempts received temporary transvenous diaphragm neurostimulation using a multielectrode stimulating central venous catheter (bilateral phrenic stimulation) and standard of care (treatment) (n = 57) or standard of care (control) (n = 55). In seven patients, the catheter could not be inserted, and in seven others, pacing therapy could not be delivered; consequently, data were available for 43 patients. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients successfully weaned. Other endpoints were mechanical ventilation duration, 30-day survival, maximal inspiratory pressure, diaphragm-thickening fraction, adverse events, and stimulation-related pain. Measurements and Main Results: The incidences of successful weaning were 82% (treatment) and 74% (control) (absolute difference [95% confidence interval (CI)], 7% [-10 to 25]), P = 0.59. Mechanical ventilation duration (mean ± SD) was 12.7 ± 9.9 days and 14.1 ± 10.8 days, respectively, P = 0.50; maximal inspiratory pressure increased by 16.6 cm H2O and 4.8 cm H2O, respectively (difference [95% CI], 11.8 [5 to 19]), P = 0.001; and right hemidiaphragm thickening fraction during unassisted spontaneous breathing was +17% and -14%, respectively, P = 0.006, without correlation with changes in maximal inspiratory pressure. Serious adverse event frequency was similar in both groups. Median stimulation-related pain in the treatment group was 0 (no pain). Conclusions: Temporary transvenous diaphragm neurostimulation did not increase the proportion of successful weaning from mechanical ventilation. It was associated with a significant increase in maximal inspiratory pressure, suggesting reversal of the course of diaphragm dysfunction. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03096639) and the European Database on Medical Devices (CIV-17-06-020004).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dres
- Experimental and Clinical Respiratory Neurophysiology, Sorbonne University, INSERM, UMRS1158, Paris, France;,AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Médecine Intensive Réanimation, R3S Department, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Marcelo Gama de Abreu
- Pulmonary Engineering Group, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany;,Department of Intensive Care and Resuscitation, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio;,Department of Outcomes Research, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Hamid Merdji
- Université de Strasbourg, Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Holger Müller-Redetzky
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominic Dellweg
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fachkrankenhaus Kloster Grafschaft GmbH, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Winfried J. Randerath
- Institute for Pneumology at the University of Cologne Bethanien Hospital, Clinic for Pneumology and Allergology, Centre of Sleep Medicine and Respiratory Care, Solingen, Germany
| | - Satar Mortaza
- Département de Médecine Intensive, Réanimation et Médecine Hyperbare, CHU d’Angers, Faculté de Santé, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Boris Jung
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Lapeyronie Teaching Hospital and PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Bruells
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aachen University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Onnen Moerer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Scharffenberg
- Pulmonary Engineering Group, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Samir Jaber
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Regional University Hospital of Montpellier, St-Eloi Hospital, University of Montpellier, PhyMedExp, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR, 9214, Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Besset
- AP-HP, Hôpital Louis Mourier, DMU ESPRIT, Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Colombes, France
| | - Thomas Bitter
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine-Westphalia, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Arnim Geise
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergology and Sleep Medicine/Nuremberg Lung Cancer Center, Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Nuremburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Heine
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, Pneumology, Weaning, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maximilian V. Malfertheiner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kortgen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Benzaquen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Université Côte d'Azur, CHU de Nice, University Hospital Federation OncoAge, Nice, France
| | - Teresa Nelson
- Technomics Research, LLC, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and
| | - Alexander Uhrig
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Moenig
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fachkrankenhaus Kloster Grafschaft GmbH, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Ferhat Meziani
- Université de Strasbourg, Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandre Demoule
- Experimental and Clinical Respiratory Neurophysiology, Sorbonne University, INSERM, UMRS1158, Paris, France;,AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Médecine Intensive Réanimation, R3S Department, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Similowski
- Experimental and Clinical Respiratory Neurophysiology, Sorbonne University, INSERM, UMRS1158, Paris, France;,AP-HP, Pitie-Salpêtrière Hospital, R3S Department, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Dotan R, Woods S, Contessa P. On the reliability and validity of central fatigue determination. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:2393-2411. [PMID: 33966110 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04700-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Physical performance fatigue can be ascribed to both peripheral and central components. Central fatigue, however, is an elusive entity, consisting of cognitive/sensory component and presumably also a neuro-physiological component that are difficult to tease apart and assess independently of each other. The most widely accepted method for the assessment of central fatigue is based on the premise that decreasing volitional muscle activation (VA), as determined by the interpolated twitch technique (ITT) in fatiguing muscles, reflects increasing central fatigue. Suffering its own shortcomings, the validity of VA determination under fatigued conditions has never been proven and is only assumed. This review presents evidence that questions ITT's reliability and validity in reflecting VA in the fatiguing muscle and, consequently, VA's validity for central fatigue assessment. Specifically highlighted is the paradox of children and endurance athletes, who share striking endurance characteristics, being claimed as more centrally fatigable than untrained adults. Further research and new directions are needed for confirming and quantifying central fatigue and teasing apart its psychologic and neuromotor components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffy Dotan
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, Canada.
| | - Stacey Woods
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, Canada
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5
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Behm DG, Alizadeh S, Hadjizedah Anvar S, Hanlon C, Ramsay E, Mahmoud MMI, Whitten J, Fisher JP, Prieske O, Chaabene H, Granacher U, Steele J. Non-local Muscle Fatigue Effects on Muscle Strength, Power, and Endurance in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2021; 51:1893-1907. [PMID: 33818751 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fatigue of a muscle or muscle group can produce global responses to a variety of systems (i.e., cardiovascular, endocrine, and others). There are also reported strength and endurance impairments of non-exercised muscles following the fatigue of another muscle; however, the literature is inconsistent. OBJECTIVE To examine whether non-local muscle fatigue (NLMF) occurs following the performance of a fatiguing bout of exercise of a different muscle(s). DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. SEARCH AND INCLUSION A systematic literature search using a Boolean search strategy was conducted with PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar in April 2020, and was supplemented with additional 'snowballing' searches up to September 2020. To be included in our analysis, studies had to include at least one intentional performance measure (i.e., strength, endurance, or power), which if reduced could be considered evidence of muscle fatigue, and also had to include the implementation of a fatiguing protocol to a location (i.e., limb or limbs) that differed to those for which performance was measured. We excluded studies that measured only mechanistic variables such as electromyographic activity, or spinal/supraspinal excitability. After search and screening, 52 studies were eligible for inclusion including 57 groups of participants (median sample = 11) and a total of 303 participants. RESULTS The main multilevel meta-analysis model including all effects sizes (278 across 50 clusters [median = 4, range = 1 to 18 effects per cluster) revealed a trivial point estimate with high precision for the interval estimate [- 0.02 (95% CIs = - 0.14 to 0.09)], yet with substantial heterogeneity (Q(277) = 642.3, p < 0.01), I2 = 67.4%). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses showed that NLMF effects were not moderated by study design (between vs. within-participant), homologous vs. heterologous effects, upper or lower body effects, participant training status, sex, age, the time of post-fatigue protocol measurement, or the severity of the fatigue protocol. However, there did appear to be an effect of type of outcome measure where both strength [0.11 (95% CIs = 0.01-0.21)] and power outcomes had trivial effects [- 0.01 (95% CIs = - 0.24 to 0.22)], whereas endurance outcomes showed moderate albeit imprecise effects [- 0.54 (95% CIs = - 0.95 to - 0.14)]. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the findings do not support the existence of a general NLMF effect; however, when examining specific types of performance outcomes, there may be an effect specifically upon endurance-based outcomes (i.e., time to task failure). However, there are relatively fewer studies that have examined endurance effects or mechanisms explaining this possible effect, in addition to fewer studies including women or younger and older participants, and considering causal effects of prior training history through the use of longitudinal intervention study designs. Thus, it seems pertinent that future research on NLMF effects should be redirected towards these still relatively unexplored areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
| | - Shahab Alizadeh
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Saman Hadjizedah Anvar
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.,University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Courtney Hanlon
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Emma Ramsay
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | | | - Joseph Whitten
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - James P Fisher
- School of Sport, Health and Social Science, Solent University, Southampton, UK
| | - Olaf Prieske
- Division of Exercise and Movement, University of Applied Sciences for Sport and Management Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Helmi Chaabene
- Division of Training and Movement Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - James Steele
- School of Sport, Health and Social Science, Solent University, Southampton, UK.,Ukactive Research Institute, London, UK
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6
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Neuromuscular Fatigue in Individuals With Intellectual Disability: Comparison Between Sedentary Individuals and Athletes. Motor Control 2021; 25:264-282. [PMID: 33581687 DOI: 10.1123/mc.2020-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The authors explored neuromuscular fatigue in athletes with intellectual disability (AID) compared with sedentary individuals with intellectual disability (SID) and individuals with typical development. Force, voluntary activation level, potentiated resting twitch, and electromyography signals were assessed during isometric maximal voluntary contractions performed before and immediately after an isometric submaximal exhaustive contraction (15% isometric maximal voluntary contractions) and during recovery period. AID presented shorter time to task failure than SID (p < .05). The three groups presented similar isometric maximal voluntary contraction decline and recovery kinetic. Both groups with intellectual disability presented higher voluntary activation level and root mean square normalized to peak-to-peak M-wave amplitude declines (p < .05) compared with individuals with typical development. These declines were more pronounced in SID (p < .05) than in AID. The AID recovered their initial voluntary activation level later than controls, whereas SID did not. SID presented lower potentiated resting twitch decline compared with AID and controls with faster recovery (p < .05). AID presented attenuated central fatigue and accentuated peripheral fatigue compared with their sedentary counterparts, suggesting a neuromuscular profile close to that of individuals with typical development.
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7
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Bell L, Ruddock A, Maden-Wilkinson T, Rogerson D. Overreaching and overtraining in strength sports and resistance training: A scoping review. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:1897-1912. [PMID: 32602418 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1763077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To date, little is known about overreaching (OR) and the overtraining syndrome (OTS) in strength sports and resistance training (RT) populations. However, the available literature may elucidate the occurrence of both conditions in these populations. A scoping review was conducted. SPORTDiscus, Scopus and Web of Science were searched in a robust and systematic manner, with relevant articles analysed. 1170 records were retrieved during an initial search, with a total of 47 included in the review. Two broad themes were identified during data extraction: 1) overreaching in strength sports; 2) overreaching and overtraining syndrome in RT. Short-term periods of OR achieved with either high-volume or high-intensity RT can elicit functional OR (FOR) but there is also evidence that chronic high-volume and/or intensity RT can lead to non-functional overreaching (NFOR). There is minimal evidence to suggest that true OTS has occurred in strength sports or RT based on the studies entered during this review. More research is needed to develop robust guiding principles for practitioners. Additionally, due to the heterogeneous nature of the existing literature, future research would benefit from the development of practical tools to identify and diagnose the transition from FOR to NFOR, and subsequently OTS in strength athletes and RT populations. ABBREVIATIONS RT: Resistance training; OR: Overreaching; FOR: Functional overreaching; NFOR: Non-functional overreaching; OTS: Overtraining syndrome; WP: Weightlifting performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Bell
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre, College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University , Sheffield, UK
| | - Alan Ruddock
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre, College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University , Sheffield, UK
| | - Thomas Maden-Wilkinson
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre, College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University , Sheffield, UK
| | - David Rogerson
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre, College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University , Sheffield, UK
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8
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Greenhouse-Tucknott A, Wrightson JG, Raynsford M, Harrison NA, Dekerle J. Interactions between perceptions of fatigue, effort, and affect decrease knee extensor endurance performance following upper body motor activity, independent of changes in neuromuscular function. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13602. [PMID: 32578885 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prior exercise has previously been shown to impair subsequent endurance performance in non-activated muscles. Declines in the neuromuscular function and altered perceptual/affective responses offer possible mechanisms through which endurance performance may be limited in these remote muscle groups. We thus conducted two experiments to better understand these performance-limiting mechanisms. In the first experiment, we examined the effect of prior handgrip exercise on the behavioral, perceptual, and affective responses to a sustained, sub-maximal contraction of the knee extensors. In the second experiment, transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to assess the neuromuscular function of the knee extensors before and after the handgrip exercise. The results of the first experiment demonstrated prior handgrip exercise increased the perceptions of effort and reduced affective valence during the subsequent knee extensor endurance exercise. Both effort and affect were associated with endurance performance. Subjective ratings of fatigue were also increased by the preceding handgrip exercise but were not directly related to knee extensor endurance performance. However, perceptions of fatigue were correlated with heightened effort perception and reduced affect during the knee extensor contraction. In the second experiment, prior handgrip exercise did not significantly alter the neuromuscular function of the knee extensors. The findings of the present study indicate that motor performance in the lower limbs following demanding exercise in the upper body appears to be regulated by complex, cognitive-emotional interactions, which may emerge independent of altered neuromuscular function. Subjective fatigue states are implicated in the control of perceptual and affective processes responsible for the regulation of endurance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J G Wrightson
- Fatigue and Exercise Laboratory, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Raynsford
- Fatigue and Exercise Laboratory, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - N A Harrison
- Immunopsychiatry Research Group, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.,Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - J Dekerle
- Fatigue and Exercise Laboratory, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
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9
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Effects of acute and chronic unilateral resistance training variables on ipsilateral motor cortical excitability and cross-education: A systematic review. Phys Ther Sport 2019; 40:143-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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10
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To M, Strutton PH, Alexander CM. Central fatigue is greater than peripheral fatigue in people with joint hypermobility syndrome. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2019; 48:197-204. [PMID: 31442925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE People with Joint Hypermobility Syndrome (JHS) suffer with fatigue. The purpose of this project was to investigate the contribution of central and peripheral fatigue. METHODS Electrical stimulation of the musculocutaneous nerve to biceps brachii, and transcranial magnetic stimulation over the motor cortex supplying biceps brachii were used. Peripheral and central fatigue were assessed during a control, fatiguing and recovery phase protocol. RESULTS JHS participants perceived greater fatigue during the protocol compared to a control group and did not recover. Central and peripheral fatigue did not occur in the control group. However, the JHS group showed central fatigue. MEP amplitude increased in the JHS group during the fatiguing protocol (p < 0.01) before recovering. Superimposed twitch amplitude increased in the JHS group during the fatiguing protocol and stayed elevated during the recovery phase (p < 0.04). Time to peak (TTP) amplitude of the torque generated by the TMS was longer in the JHS group (p < 0.05). RMS during MVCs decreased during the fatiguing protocol reaching significance during the recovery phase (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION JHS participants suffered central but not peripheral fatigue. A modified strength programme to target this is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- May To
- Physiotherapy Department, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF, UK
| | - Paul H Strutton
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Campus, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF, UK
| | - Caroline M Alexander
- Physiotherapy Department, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF, UK; Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Campus, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF, UK.
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11
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Li Y, Power KE, Marchetti PH, Behm DG. The effect of dominant first dorsal interosseous fatigue on the force production of a contralateral homologous and heterologous muscle. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 44:704-712. [PMID: 30468626 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Crossover and nonlocal muscle fatigue (NLMF) has generally focused on large muscle groups. It is unclear if fatigue of a small muscle can result in NLMF of a larger muscle. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of small muscle (first dorsal interosseous; FDI) fatigue on the force and activation of contralateral homologous and larger heterologous muscles (biceps brachii; BB). Fifteen right-handed male subjects performed 3 pre-test index finger abduction or elbow flexion maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) on the nondominant side. Subsequently, they performed two 100-s index finger abduction MVICs on the dominant side (experimental (fatigue) group) or rested for 5 min (control group). Afterwards, a single MVIC and a 12-repetition MVIC fatiguing protocol were completed with index finger abduction or elbow flexion on the nondominant side. Force and electromyography (EMG) were measured from both sides. The force and EMG (median frequency; MDF) of nonexercised index finger abductors (IFA)/FDI and elbow flexors (EF)/BB significantly decreased after the fatiguing protocol. Compared with the control condition, the nonexercised IFA (12.5% and 5.7%) had significantly greater force and MDF fatigue indexes than the EF (5.2% and 1.7%). There were no significant force differences with the single MVIC test between conditions. The small muscle fatiguing protocol produced NLMF effects on both contralateral homologous and larger heterologous muscles, with the force decrements greater with the homologous muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Li
- a School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1M 3L8, Canada
| | - Kevin E Power
- a School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1M 3L8, Canada
| | - Paulo H Marchetti
- b College of Health and Human Development, Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330, USA
| | - David G Behm
- a School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1M 3L8, Canada
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Doix ACM, Wachholz F, Marterer N, Immler L, Insam K, Federolf PA. Is the cross-over effect of a unilateral high-intensity leg extension influenced by the sex of the participants? Biol Sex Differ 2018; 9:29. [PMID: 29954447 PMCID: PMC6022493 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-018-0188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While performing a unilateral muscle contraction, electrical muscle activity also arises in the contralateral homologous muscle, muscle group, or limb. When the muscle contraction induces muscle fatigue, females show not only a greater resistance than males but also a reduced contralateral muscle activation. The study aimed at investigating whether, during a high-intensity 30-s unilateral maximal effort isometric leg extension exercise, the contralateral non-exercising limb (NEL) knee extensor muscle activation would differ between females and males. Methods Twenty participants, 11 females (23.80 ± 2.15 years old) and 9 males (26.50 ± 2.45 years old), performed a unilateral 30-s exercise while surface electromyography (sEMG) was measured from the vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), and rectus femoris (RF) on both limbs. The maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) was measured for both the exercising limb (EL) and the NEL before (MVC PRE) and after (MVC POST) the 30-s exercise to assess muscle fatigue. Results While both females and males exhibited muscle fatigue in the EL (p = 0.015), females exhibited a lower MVC reduction than males (p = 0.042), suggesting that females were less fatigued than males. Although no muscle fatigue, i.e., no MVC force reduction was found in the NEL for either group before and after the 30-s exercise, the muscle activity of the VL was found to be of greater magnitude during the MVC POST only for females (p = 0.047) while it remained unchanged for males. During the 30-s exercise, the force output of the EL decreased only for males (p = 0.029) while females showed a preservation of the force output (p > 0.05). The sEMG activity of the NEL during the 30-s unilateral exercise increased for both groups in all measured muscles (all p-values < 0.03). Conclusions Likely, different underlying muscle fatigue mechanisms occurred in the EL between females and males. Yet, our findings suggest that the cross-over effect to the NEL during the 30-s exercise occurred in a similar fashion in both groups. The current study suggests that the contralateral muscle activation seen with a unilateral exercise is independent of the sex of individuals. Therefore, unilateral training or rehabilitation-based protocols would similarly impact females and males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude-Clémence M Doix
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Fürstenweg 185, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Felix Wachholz
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Fürstenweg 185, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Natalie Marterer
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Fürstenweg 185, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lorenz Immler
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Fürstenweg 185, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kathrin Insam
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Fürstenweg 185, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter A Federolf
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Fürstenweg 185, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Matsuura R, Hirakoba K, Takahashi K. Effects of submaximal cycling at different exercise intensities on maximal isometric force output of the non-exercised elbow flexor muscles. Physiol Int 2018; 105:177-187. [PMID: 29975126 DOI: 10.1556/2060.105.2018.2.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of submaximal cycling at different exercise intensities on maximal isometric force output of the non-exercised elbow flexor muscles after the cycling. A total of 8 healthy young men performed multiple maximal voluntary contractions by the right elbow flexion before, immediately after, 5 min after, and 10 min after a 6-min submaximal cycling at ventilatory threshold (LI), 70% [Formula: see text] (MI), and 80% [Formula: see text] (HI) with both arms relaxed in the air. Force and surface electromyogram (EMG) of the right biceps brachii muscle during the multiple MVCs, blood lactate concentration ([La]), cardiorespiratory responses, and sensations of fatigue for legs (SEF-L) were measured before, immediately after, 5 min after, and 10 min after the submaximal cycling with the three different exercise intensities. Immediately after the submaximal cycling, [La], cardiorespiratory responses, and SEF-L were enhanced in proportion to an increase in exercise intensity of the cycling. Changes in force and EMG activity during the multiple MVCs were not significantly different across the three conditions. The findings imply that group III/IV muscle afferent feedback after the submaximal cycling does not determine the magnitude of MVC force loss of the non-exercised upper limb muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Matsuura
- 1 Living and Health Sciences Education, Specialized Subject Fields of Education, Graduate School of Education, Joetsu University of Education , Joetsu, Japan.,2 The Joint Graduate School in Science of School Education, Hyogo University of Teacher Education , Kato, Japan
| | - K Hirakoba
- 3 Department of Biological Functions Engineering, Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology , Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - K Takahashi
- 4 Faculty of Liberal Studies, National Institute of Technology, Kumamoto College , Koshi, Japan
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Neuromuscular fatigue during exercise: Methodological considerations, etiology and potential role in chronic fatigue. Neurophysiol Clin 2017; 47:95-110. [PMID: 28434551 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The term fatigue is used to describe a distressing and persistent symptom of physical and/or mental tiredness in certain clinical populations, with distinct but ultimately complex, multifactorial and heterogenous pathophysiology. Chronic fatigue impacts on quality of life, reduces the capacity to perform activities of daily living, and is typically measured using subjective self-report tools. Fatigue also refers to an acute reduction in the ability to produce maximal force or power due to exercise. The classical measurement of exercise-induced fatigue involves neuromuscular assessments before and after a fatiguing task. The limitations and alternatives to this approach are reviewed in this paper in relation to the lower limb and whole-body exercise, given the functional relevance to locomotion, rehabilitation and activities of daily living. It is suggested that under some circumstances, alterations in the central and/or peripheral mechanisms of fatigue during exercise may be related to the sensations of chronic fatigue. As such, the neurophysiological correlates of exercise-induced fatigue are briefly examined in two clinical examples where chronic fatigue is common: cancer survivors and people with multiple sclerosis. This review highlights the relationship between objective measures of fatigability with whole-body exercise and perceptions of fatigue as a priority for future research, given the importance of exercise in relieving symptoms of chronic fatigue and/or overall disease management. As chronic fatigue is likely to be specific to the individual and unlikely to be due to a simple biological or psychosocial explanation, tailored exercise programmes are a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Salamifar S, Nasermeli MH, Namin BG. The Effect of Isometric and Isotonic Exercises of Lower Limbs Extensor Sling on Static and Dynamic Balance in Basketball Players with Patellofemoral Pain. Health (London) 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2017.910099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pageaux B, Lepers R. Fatigue Induced by Physical and Mental Exertion Increases Perception of Effort and Impairs Subsequent Endurance Performance. Front Physiol 2016; 7:587. [PMID: 27965592 PMCID: PMC5126404 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance performance involves the prolonged maintenance of constant or self-regulated power/velocity or torque/force. While the impact of numerous determinants of endurance performance has been previously reviewed, the impact of fatigue on subsequent endurance performance still needs to be documented. This review aims to present the impact of fatigue induced by physical or mental exertion on subsequent endurance performance. For the purpose of this review, endurance performance refers to performance during whole-body or single-joint endurance exercise soliciting mainly the aerobic energy system. First, the impact of physical and mental exertion on force production capacity is presented, with specific emphasize on the fact that solely physical exertion and not mental exertion induces a decrease in force production capacity of the working muscles. Then, the negative impact of fatigue induced by physical exertion and mental exertion on subsequent endurance performance is highlighted based on experimental data. Perception of effort being identified as the variable altered by both prior physical exertion and mental exertion, future studies should investigate the underlying mechanisms increasing perception of effort overtime and in presence of fatigue during endurance exercise. Perception of effort should be considered not only as marker of exercise intensity, but also as a factor limiting endurance performance. Therefore, using a psychophysiological approach to explain the regulation of endurance performance would allow a better understanding of the interaction between physiological and psychological phenomena known to impact endurance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pageaux
- CAPS UMR1093, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté Dijon, France
| | - Romuald Lepers
- CAPS UMR1093, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté Dijon, France
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Ben Othman A, Chaouachi A, Hammami R, Chaouachi MM, Kasmi S, Behm DG. Evidence of nonlocal muscle fatigue in male youth. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 42:229-237. [PMID: 28177751 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Evidence for nonlocal muscle fatigue (NLMF) has been inconsistent in adults, with no studies investigating youth. The objective was to examine NLMF in youth. Forty-two young males (age, 10-13 years) were tested for maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) force of the ipsilateral and contralateral knee extensors at 90° and 120° knee flexion, elbow flexors at 90°, handgrip, knee extensor isokinetic torque (300°·s-1 analyzed at 90° and 120° knee flexion), as well as a unilateral countermovement jump (CMJ) and Y Balance test (YBT). Isokinetic fatigue group (n = 15) had unilateral fatigue induced with 10 sets of 20 repetitions of maximal isokinetic knee extensor contractions at 300°·s-1. Isometric fatigue group (n = 15) used 10 repetitions of 6-s knee extensor MVIC whereas the control group (n = 12) were not fatigued. There was no significant difference in the response to the isometric- or isokinetic-fatigue intervention protocols. Main time effects indicated that NLMF was evident with the contralateral knee extensor MVIC at 90° (p = 0.008; 8.9%), knee extensor isokinetic torque at 90° (p < 0.001; 11.4%), and 120° (p = 0.05; 5.4%), CMJ (p = 0.02; 11.5%), handgrip (p = 0.06; 4.5%), elbow flexors (p < 0.001; 7.7%), and YBT (p = 0.001; 5.6%). Ipsilateral NLMF deficits occurred with handgrip (p < 0.001; 7.3%), elbow flexors MVICs (p < 0.001; 10.7%), CMJ (p = 0.02; 12.2%), and YBT (p = 0.002; 3.8%). NLMF with similar relative fatigue-induced deficits of fatigued and nonfatigued limbs suggest that youth fatigue is highly dependent upon the extent of activation or inhibition of the nervous system. Coaches of young athletes might consider developing technical motor skills before fatiguing exercise components, which might hinder the proficiency of their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymen Ben Othman
- a Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anis Chaouachi
- a Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia.,c Sports Performance Research Institute, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Raouf Hammami
- a Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mehdi M Chaouachi
- a Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sofien Kasmi
- a Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - David G Behm
- b Memorial University of Newfoundland, School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
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Aboodarda SJ, Šambaher N, Behm DG. Unilateral elbow flexion fatigue modulates corticospinal responsiveness in non-fatigued contralateral biceps brachii. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 26:1301-1312. [PMID: 26633736 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exercise-induced fatigue can change motor performance in non-exercised muscles. The objective was to investigate unilateral elbow flexion (EF) fatigue effects on the maximal voluntary force (MVC) and corticospinal excitability of contralateral non-exercised biceps brachii (BB). Transcranial magnetic, transmastoid electrical, and brachial plexus electrical stimulation were used to elicit motor evoked potentials (MEP), cervicomedullary motor evoked potentials (CMEP), and compound muscle action potentials in the contralateral non-exercised BB of 12 participants before and after (i) two bouts of 100-s unilateral EF (fatigue) or (ii) control. Three stimuli were evoked every 1.5 s during a series of 6-s isometric EF at 100%, 50%, and 5% of MVC. The non-exercised EF MVC force, electromyographic activity, and voluntary activation were not significantly different between fatigue and control. Non-exercised BB MEP and CMEP amplitudes during 100% MVCs demonstrated significantly higher (P = 0.03) and lower values (P = 0.01), respectively, after fatigue compared with control. There was no difference between the two conditions for MEP and CMEP amplitudes during 50% and 5% MVCs. Unilateral exercise-induced EF fatigue did not lead to cross-over central fatigue to the contralateral homologous muscle but enhanced the supraspinal responsiveness (MEP/CMEP) of the neural circuitries supplying central commands to non-exercised muscles at higher contraction intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Aboodarda
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - N Šambaher
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - D G Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
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Behm DG, Cavanaugh T, Quigley P, Reid JC, Nardi PSM, Marchetti PH. Acute bouts of upper and lower body static and dynamic stretching increase non-local joint range of motion. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 116:241-9. [PMID: 26410819 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are conflicts in the literature concerning the crossover or non-local effects of stretching. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether static (SS) and dynamic (DS) stretching of the shoulders would affect hip flexor range of motion (ROM) and performance and reciprocally whether SS and DS of the lower body would affect shoulder extension ROM and performance. METHODS A randomized crossover study design examined the acute effects of upper and lower body SS and DS on lower and upper body performance measures, respectively. Experimental sessions included upper and lower body control tests, upper body (shoulder horizontal abduction) SS and lower body (hip abduction) SS, upper body (shoulder horizontal abduction and adduction) DS and lower body DS (hip abduction and adduction). Passive static and dynamic ROM (hip flexion, shoulder extension), leg flexor and elbow flexor maximal voluntary contraction isometric force, fatigue endurance and electromyography were measured. RESULTS There were significant shoulder ROM increases following lower body SS (P < 0.010, ∆% = 8.2%) and DS (P < 0.019, ∆% = 9%). There was a significant hip flexor ROM (P < 0.016, ∆% = 5.2%) increase following upper body SS. There were no significant main effects or interactions for dynamic ROM or muscle force and activation variables. CONCLUSION The lack of stretch-induced force and fatigue changes suggests that rather than a mechanical or neural drive mechanism, an enhanced stretch tolerance was likely the significant factor in the improved ROM.
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Affiliation(s)
- David George Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Ave. St. John's, Newfoundland, A1C 5S7, Canada.
| | - Tyler Cavanaugh
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Ave. St. John's, Newfoundland, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Patrick Quigley
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Ave. St. John's, Newfoundland, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Jonathan Christopher Reid
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Ave. St. John's, Newfoundland, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Priscyla Silva Monteiro Nardi
- Laboratory of Kinesiology, Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Marchetti
- Laboratory of Kinesiology, Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Science of Human Movement, College of Health Science (FACIS), Methodist University of Piracicaba, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Halperin I, Chapman DW, Behm DG. Non-local muscle fatigue: effects and possible mechanisms. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 115:2031-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Effect of unilateral knee extensor fatigue on force and balance of the contralateral limb. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 115:2177-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Zghal F, Cottin F, Kenoun I, Rebaï H, Moalla W, Dogui M, Tabka Z, Martin V. Improved tolerance of peripheral fatigue by the central nervous system after endurance training. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 115:1401-15. [PMID: 25681110 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3123-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effect of endurance training on central fatigue development and recovery. METHODS A control group was compared to a training group, which followed an 8-week endurance-training program, consisting in low-force concentric and isometric contractions. Before (PRE) and after (POST) the training period, neuromuscular function of the knee extensor (KE) muscles was evaluated before, immediately after and during 33 min after an exhausting submaximal isometric task at 15 % of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force. After training, the trained group performed another test at iso-time, i.e., with the task maintained until the duration completed before training was matched (POST2). The evaluation of neuromuscular function consisted in the determination of the voluntary activation level during MVCs, from peripheral nerve electrical (VAPNS) and transcranial magnetic stimulations (VATMS). The amplitude of the potentiated twitch (Pt), the evoked [motor evoked potentials, cortical silent period (CSP)] and voluntary EMG activities were also recorded on the KE muscles. RESULTS Before training, the isometric task induced significant reductions of VAPNS, VATMS and Pt, and an increased CSP. The training period induced a threefold increase of exercise duration, delayed central fatigue appearance, as illustrated by the absence of modification of VAPNS, VATMS and CSP after POST2. At POST, central fatigue magnitude and recovery were not modified but Pt reduction was greater. CONCLUSION These results suggest that central fatigue partially adapts to endurance training. This adaptation principally translates into improved tolerance of peripheral fatigue by the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zghal
- UBIAE (INSERM U902), Faculty of Sport Sciences, Val d'Essonne University, Evry, France
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Bottle E, Strutton PH. Relationship between back muscle endurance and voluntary activation. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2012; 22:383-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Milanović S, Filipović S, Blesić S, Ilić T, Dhanasekaran S, Ljubisavljević M. Paired-associative stimulation can modulate muscle fatigue induced motor cortex excitability changes. Behav Brain Res 2011; 223:30-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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