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Danielsen YS, Skjåkødegård HF, Mongstad M, Hystad SW, Olsson SJG, Kleppe M, Juliusson PB, Frisk B. Objectively measured physical activity among treatment seeking children and adolescents with severe obesity and normal weight peers. Obes Sci Pract 2022; 8:801-810. [DOI: 10.1002/osp4.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marit Mongstad
- Department of Health and Functioning Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Bergen Norway
| | - Sigurd W. Hystad
- Department of Psychosocial Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| | | | - Malin Kleppe
- Department of Medicine Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
| | - Petur B. Juliusson
- Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway
- Children and Youth Clinic Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
- Department of Health Registry Research and Development Norwegian Institute of Public Health Bergen Norway
| | - Bente Frisk
- Department of Health and Functioning Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Bergen Norway
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Hamid A, Duncan MJ, Eyre ELJ, Jing Y. Predicting children's energy expenditure during physical activity using deep learning and wearable sensor data. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:918-926. [PMID: 32597337 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1789749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study examined a series of machine learning models, evaluating their effectiveness in assessing children's energy expenditure, in terms of the metabolic equivalents (MET) of physical activity (PA), from triaxial accelerometery. The study also determined the impact of the sensor placement (waist, ankle or wrist) on the machine learning model's predictive performance. Twenty-eight healthy Caucasian children aged 8-11years (13 girls, 15 boys) undertook a series of activities reflective of different levels of PA (lying supine, seated and playing with Lego, slow walking, medium walking, and a medium paced run, instep passing a football, overarm throwing and catching and stationary cycling). Energy expenditure and physical activity were assessed during all activities using accelerometers (GENEActiv monitor) worn on four locations (i.e. non-dominant wrist, dominant wrist, dominant waist, dominant ankle) and breath-by-breath calorimetry data. MET values ranged from 1.2 ± 0.2 for seated playing with Lego to 4.1 ± 0.8 for running at 6.5 kmph-1. Machine learning models were used to determine the MET values from the accelerometer data and to determine which placement location performed more effectively in predicting the PA data. The study identified that novel machine learning models can be used to accurately predict METs, with 90% accuracy. The models showed a preference towards the dominant wrist or ankle as the movement in those positions were more consistent during PA. It was evident that machine learning models using these locations can be effectively used to accurately predict METs for PA in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hamid
- Faculty of Engineering, Environment and Computing, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Emma L J Eyre
- School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Yanguo Jing
- Faculty of Business and Law, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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Calibration and Cross-Validation of Accelerometery for Estimating Movement Skills in Children Aged 8-12 Years. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20102776. [PMID: 32414192 PMCID: PMC7294430 DOI: 10.3390/s20102776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: This study sought to calibrate triaxial accelerometery, worn on both wrists, waist and both ankles, during children’s physical activity (PA), with particular attention to object control motor skills performed at a fast and slow cadence, and to cross-validate the accelerometer cut-points derived from the calibration using an independent dataset. (2) Methods: Twenty boys (10.1 ±1.5 years) undertook seven, five-minute bouts of activity lying supine, standing, running (4.5kmph−1) instep passing a football (fast and slow cadence), dribbling a football (fast and slow cadence), whilst wearing five GENEActiv accelerometers on their non-dominant and dominant wrists and ankles and waist. VO2 was assessed concurrently using indirect calorimetry. ROC curve analysis was used to generate cut-points representing sedentary, light and moderate PA. The cut-points were then cross-validated using independent data from 30 children (9.4 ± 1.4 years), who had undertaken similar activities whilst wearing accelerometers and being assessed for VO2. (3) Results: GENEActiv monitors were able to discriminate sedentary activity to an excellent level irrespective of wear location. For moderate PA, discrimination of activity was considered good for monitors placed on the dominant wrist, waist, non-dominant and dominant ankles but fair for the non-dominant wrist. Applying the cut-points to the cross-validation sample indicated that cut-points validated in the calibration were able to successfully discriminate sedentary behaviour and moderate PA to an excellent standard and light PA to a fair standard. (4) Conclusions: Cut-points derived from this calibration demonstrate an excellent ability to discriminate children’s sedentary behaviour and moderate intensity PA comprising motor skill activity.
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Subjective and Objective Measures of Daytime Activity and Sleep Disturbance in Retinitis Pigmentosa. Optom Vis Sci 2019; 95:837-843. [PMID: 30169358 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Objectively measured limitations in daytime activity levels appear to be inextricably linked with sleep disturbances in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients, as well as associated with unemployment status and central vision loss. Innovative interventional strategies should be developed to help improve these issues and overall quality of life for RP patients. PURPOSE Novel sensor devices are emerging as valuable tools to objectively assess behavior. We used validated measures of wrist accelerometry to determine relationships between sleep, vision, and physical activity in RP subjects. METHODS For one week, 33 RP adults wore a wrist Actiwatch to detect movement during the day (average total activity counts) and disturbed sleep at night. They completed Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study visual acuity testing, Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity, Goldmann V4e visual fields, and sleep diaries and validated questionnaires to assess their sleep and general health. RESULTS Greater wake after sleep onset time measured with actigraphy (i.e., sleep disruption) (P = .01), loss of visual acuity (P = .009), and nonemployment/student status (P = .002) were all significant predictors of reduced daytime average total activity counts in a multiple linear regression model, after adjusting for contrast sensitivity as a cooperative suppressor variable (P = .01) (R = 0.54). Fragmentation measured with actigraphy (i.e., restlessness during sleep) (P = .07) and decreased sleep quality ratings reported upon awakening by the participants in a sleep diary (P = .06) were each marginally associated with reduced daytime average total activity counts, whereas nonemployment/student status, reduced visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity were still significant predictors. Objective and subjective measures of sleep or daytime activity were not statistically significantly correlated (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS We find nonemployment/student status and sleep disturbances appear to be related to reduced daytime activity levels in adults with central vision loss due to RP. These findings underscore the importance of developing and evaluating interventions to help RP patients maintain engagement in productive activities and improve their disturbed sleep.
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Murphy SL, Kratz AL, Zynda AJ. Measuring Physical Activity in Spinal Cord Injury Using Wrist-Worn Accelerometers. Am J Occup Ther 2019; 73:7301205090p1-7301205090p10. [PMID: 30839264 PMCID: PMC6402414 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2019.027748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to evaluate interunit agreement and construct validity of two activity monitors (Actiwatch Score and PRO-Diary) in people with and without spinal cord injury. METHOD Thirty-eight participants (19 with spinal cord injury; 19 age- and sex-matched controls; mean age = 49 yr) wore both monitors and completed tasks during one visit ranging in physical intensity. To compare activity by group and monitor, we conducted t tests. We assessed interunit agreement using intraclass correlations and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS Both monitors demonstrated significantly different increasing physical activity levels with higher intensity tasks. Participants with spinal cord injury had similar activity counts within tasks compared with controls except for walking-wheeling. Agreement was high between monitors across tasks (interclass correlation coefficients = .78-.97). CONCLUSION Both monitors demonstrated good construct validity for measuring physical activity across activities and high agreement. Either monitor is appropriate to examine physical activity patterns in people with spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Murphy
- Susan L. Murphy, ScD, OTR, is Associate Professor, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and Research Health Science Specialist, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI;
| | - Anna L Kratz
- Anna L. Kratz, PhD, is Associate Professor, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Aaron J Zynda
- Aaron J. Zynda, BS, CCRP, is Clinical Research Coordinator, Sports Medicine, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas
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Duncan MJ, Roscoe CMP, Faghy M, Tallis J, Eyre ELJ. Estimating Physical Activity in Children Aged 8-11 Years Using Accelerometry: Contributions From Fundamental Movement Skills and Different Accelerometer Placements. Front Physiol 2019; 10:242. [PMID: 30936837 PMCID: PMC6431656 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accelerometers are widely used to assess physical activity, but it is unclear how effective accelerometers are in capturing fundamental movement skills in children. This study examined the energy expenditure during different physical activities (PA) and calibrated triaxial accelerometry, worn at the wrist, waist and ankle, during children's PA with attention to object control movement skills and cycling. Thirty children (14 girls) aged 8 to 11 years wore a GENEActiv accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist, dominant wrist, waist and ankle. Children undertook eight, 5-min bouts of activity comprising being lay supine, playing with Lego, slow walking, medium walking, medium paced running, overarm throwing and catching, instep passing a football and cycling at 35 W. VO2 was assessed concurrently using indirect calorimetry. Indirect calorimetry indicated that being lay supine and playing with Lego were classified as sedentary in nature (<1.5 METs), slow paced walking, medium placed walking and throwing and catching were classified as light (1.51-2.99 METs) and running, cycling and instep passing were classified as moderate intensity (>3 METs). ROC curve analysis indicated that discrimination of sedentary activity was excellent for all placements although the ankle performed better than other locations. This pattern was replicated for moderate physical activity (MPA) where the ankle performed better than other locations. Data were reanalyzed removing cycling from the data set. When this analysis was undertaken discrimination of sedentary activity remained excellent for all locations. For MPA discrimination of activity was considered good for waist and ankle placement and fair for placement on either wrist. The current study is the first to quantify energy expenditure in object control fundamental movement skills via indirect calorimetry in children aged 8-11 years whilst also calibrating GENEActiv accelerometers worn at four body locations. Results suggest throwing and catching is categorized as light intensity and instep kicking a football moderate intensity, resulting in energy expenditure equivalent to slow or medium paced walking or cycling and running, respectively. Ankle worn accelerometry appears to provide the most suitable wear location to quantify MPA including ambulatory activity, object control skills and cycling, in children aged 8-11 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Duncan
- School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Clare M P Roscoe
- School of Human Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Faghy
- School of Human Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Tallis
- School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L J Eyre
- School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
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McLellan G, Arthur R, Buchan DS. Wear compliance, sedentary behaviour and activity in free-living children from hip-and wrist-mounted ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers. J Sports Sci 2018; 36:2424-2430. [PMID: 29620970 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1461322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The GT3X+ worn at the wrist promotes greater compliance than at the hip. Minutes in SB and PA calculated from raw accelerations at the hip and wrist provide contrasting estimates and cannot be directly compared. Wear-time for the wrist (15.6 to 17.4 h.d-1) was greater than the hip (15.2 to 16.8 h.d-1) across several wear-time criteria (all P < 0.05). Moderate-strong associations were found between time spent in SB (r = 0.39), LPA (r = 0.33), MPA (r = 0.99), VPA (r = 0.82) and MVPA (r = 0.81) between the two device placements (All P < 0.001). The wrist device detected more minutes in LPA, MPA, VPA and MVPA whereas the hip detected more SB (all P = 0.001). Estimates of time in SB and all activity outcomes from the wrist and hip lacked equivalence. One hundred and eighty-eight 9-12-year-old children wore a wrist- and hip-mounted accelerometer for 7 days. Data were available for 160 (hip) and 161 (wrist) participants. Time spent in SB and PA was calculated using GGIR. This study examined the compliance of children wearing wrist- and hip-mounted ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers and compared estimates of sedentary behaviour (SB) and physical activity (PA) between devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian McLellan
- a Department of Sport and Exercise , The University of the West of Scotland , Hamilton , UK
| | - Rosie Arthur
- a Department of Sport and Exercise , The University of the West of Scotland , Hamilton , UK
| | - Duncan S Buchan
- a Department of Sport and Exercise , The University of the West of Scotland , Hamilton , UK
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Brazendale K, Beets MW, Weaver RG, Chandler JL, Randel AB, Turner-McGrievy GM, Moore JB, Huberty JL, Ward DS. Children's Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity Attending Summer Day Camps. Am J Prev Med 2017; 53:78-84. [PMID: 28214251 PMCID: PMC5478469 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION National physical activity standards call for all children to accumulate 60 minutes/day of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The contribution of summer day camps toward meeting this benchmark is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to provide estimates of children's MVPA during summer day camps. METHODS Children (n=1,061, 78% enrollment; mean age, 7.8 years; 46% female; 65% African American; 48% normal weight) from 20 summer day camps wore ActiGraph GT3x+ accelerometers on the wrist during camp hours for up to 4 non-consecutive days over the summer of 2015 (July). Accumulated MVPA at the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile of the distribution was estimated using random-effects quantile regression. All models were estimated separately for boys and girls and controlled for wear time. Minutes of MVPA were dichotomized to ≥60 minutes/day of MVPA or <60 minutes/day to estimate percentage of boys and girls meeting the 60 minutes/day guideline. All data were analyzed in spring 2016. RESULTS Across the 20 summer day camps, boys (n=569) and girls (n=492) accumulated a median of 96 and 82 minutes/day of MVPA, respectively. The percentage of children meeting 60 minutes/day of MVPA was 80% (range, 41%-94%) for boys and 73% (range, 30%-97%) for girls. CONCLUSIONS Summer day camps are a setting where a large portion of boys and girls meet daily physical activity guidelines. Public health practitioners should focus efforts on making summer day camps accessible for children in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Brazendale
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.
| | - Michael W Beets
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - R Glenn Weaver
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Jessica L Chandler
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Allison B Randel
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Gabrielle M Turner-McGrievy
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Justin B Moore
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer L Huberty
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Dianne S Ward
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Spartano NL, Heffernan KS, Dumas AK, Gump BB. Accelerometer-determined physical activity and the cardiovascular response to mental stress in children. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 20:60-65. [PMID: 27283342 PMCID: PMC5133178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular reactivity has been associated with future hypertension and cardiovascular mortality. Higher physical activity (PA) has been associated with lower cardiovascular reactivity in adults, but little data is available in children. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between PA and cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress in children. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS This study sample included children from the Oswego Lead Study (n=79, 46% female, 9-11 years old). Impedance cardiography was performed while children participated in a stress response protocol. Children were also asked to wear Actigraph accelerometers on their wrists for 3 days to measure intensity and duration of PA and sedentary time. RESULTS In multivariable models, moderate to vigorous (MV) PA was associated with lower body mass index (BMI) percentile and lower total peripheral resistance (TPR) response to stress (beta=-0.025, p=0.02; beta=-0.009, p=0.05). After additional adjustment for BMI, MVPA was also associated with lower diastolic blood pressure response to stress (beta=-0.01, p=0.03). Total PA and sedentary time were not associated with BMI or cardiovascular responses to stress. CONCLUSIONS A modest, inverse relation of PA to vascular reactivity to mental stress was observed in children. These data provide confirmatory evidence that the promotion of PA recommendations for children are important for cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Spartano
- Section of Preventative Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; The Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Kevin S Heffernan
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Amy K Dumas
- Department of Public Health, Food Studies, and Nutrition, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Brooks B Gump
- Department of Public Health, Food Studies, and Nutrition, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
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Validation of the Phillips et al. GENEActiv accelerometer wrist cut-points in children aged 5-8 years old. Eur J Pediatr 2016; 175:2019-2021. [PMID: 27785561 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-016-2795-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study examined the accuracy of the Phillips et al. GENEActiv accelerometer wrist worn cut-points in children aged 5-8. Fifteen children (six girls, nine boys) aged 5-8 years wore a GENEActiv monitor on their non-dominant wrist while undertaking 5 min bouts of lying supine, playing Lego, walking at slow, medium and fast pace and running. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was employed to establish how well the Phillips et al. (2013) cut-points classified intensity of the activities compared to the actual intensity determined by indirect calorimetry. Area under the curve (AUC) values were high for sedentary (.970), moderate (.815) and vigorous (.974) activity. CONCLUSION The Phillips et al. (2013) cut-points for the GENEActiv accelerometer can be used in children aged 5-8 years old to distinguish sedentary behaviour, moderate and vigorous PA behaviour. What is Known: • Accelerometers are fast becoming the most widely used measure of physical activity in public health research. • The GENEActive wrist worn accelerometer has been validated for use with children aged 8 years and older What is New: • The GENEActive wrist worn accelerometer can be used to assess physical activity in children aged 5-8 years old. • Previously established cut-points for the GENEActiv accelerometer can be used in children aged 5-8 years old to distinguish sedentary behaviour, moderate and vigorous PA behaviour.
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Noonan RJ, Boddy LM, Kim Y, Knowles ZR, Fairclough SJ. Comparison of children’s free-living physical activity derived from wrist and hip raw accelerations during the segmented week. J Sports Sci 2016; 35:2067-2072. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1255347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Noonan
- Physical Activity Exchange, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lynne M. Boddy
- Physical Activity Exchange, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Youngwon Kim
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zoe R. Knowles
- Physical Activity Exchange, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stuart J. Fairclough
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Hislop J, Palmer N, Anand P, Aldin T. Validity of wrist worn accelerometers and comparability between hip and wrist placement sites in estimating physical activity behaviour in preschool children. Physiol Meas 2016; 37:1701-1714. [DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/37/10/1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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van Alphen HJM, Volkers KM, Blankevoort CG, Scherder EJA, Hortobágyi T, van Heuvelen MJG. Older Adults with Dementia Are Sedentary for Most of the Day. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152457. [PMID: 27031509 PMCID: PMC4816298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Self-reported data suggest that older adults with dementia are inactive. The purpose of the present study was to objectively assess the physical activity (PA) levels of community-dwelling and institutionalized ambulatory patients with dementia, and to compare with the PA levels of cognitive healthy older adults. METHODS We used actigraphy to assess the PA levels in institutionalized (n = 83, age: 83.0 ± 7.6, Mini-Mental-State Examination (MMSE): 15.5 ± 6.5) and community-dwelling dementia patients (n = 37, age: 77.3 ± 5.6, MMSE-score: 20.8 ± 4.8), and healthy older adults (n = 26, age: 79.5 ± 5.6, MMSE-score: 28.2 ± 1.6). We characterized PA levels based on the raw data and classified <100 counts/min as sedentary behavior. RESULTS Institutionalized dementia patients had the lowest daily PA levels (1.69 ± 1.33 counts/day), spent 72.1% of the day sedentary, and were most active between 8:00 and 9:00 am. Institutionalized vs. community-dwelling dementia patients had 23.5% lower daily PA levels (difference M = 0.52, p = .004) and spent 9.3% longer in sedentariness (difference M = 1.47, p = .032). Community-dwelling dementia patients spent 66.0% of the day sedentary and were most active between 9:00 to 10:00 am with a second peak between 14:00 to 15:00. Community-dwelling dementia patients vs healthy older adults' daily PA levels and sedentary time were 21.6% lower and 8.9% longer, respectively (difference M = 0.61, p = .007; difference M = 1.29, p = .078). CONCLUSIONS Institutionalized and community-dwelling dementia patients are sedentary for most of the day and the little PA they perform is of lower intensity compared to their healthy peers. Their highest PA peak is when they get out of bed in the morning. In addition, it seems that institutionalized living is associated with lower PA levels in dementia patients. These are the first results that objectively characterize institutionalized as well as community-dwelling dementia patients' PA levels and confirm that dementia patients are inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena J. M. van Alphen
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karin M. Volkers
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Erik J. A. Scherder
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke J. G. van Heuvelen
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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14
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Hibbing PR, Kim Y, Saint-Maurice PF, Welk GJ. Impact of activity outcome and measurement instrument on estimates of youth compliance with physical activity guidelines: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:223. [PMID: 26939783 PMCID: PMC4778355 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2901-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The national physical activity guidelines (PAG) in many countries recommend that youth accumulate 60 min or more of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) daily (PAG-MVPA). A daily target of ≥ 11,500 steps/day has been proposed as a step count alternative to this guideline (PAG-Steps). Contemporary activity monitors are capable of estimating both MVPA and steps, but it is not clear how these units compare when used to evaluate compliance with the national PAG. The purpose of this study was to compare prevalence estimates of meeting the PAG-MVPA and PAG-Steps using two commonly used monitors, the ActiGraph (AG) and SenseWear Armband (SWA). METHODS A sample of 69 children (25 girls and 44 boys) aged 9-16 years each wore a wrist-mounted AG and a SWA over a one-week period. Days with ≥10 h of wear time for both monitors were included in the analysis. Estimates of time spent in MVPA were obtained using the Crouter equation for the AG and from proprietary algorithms for the SWA. Step counts for the AG and SWA were directly obtained from the respective software. The prevalence of meeting the PAG-MVPA and PAG-Steps was compared within each monitor, using Cohen's kappa (κ) statistic. Agreement was similarly assessed between monitors using each guideline individually. RESULTS When assessed with the AG, the prevalence of meeting PAG was substantially higher for the PAG-MVPA (87.2 %) than for the PAG-Steps (54.2 %), with fair classification agreement (κ = 0.30) between the two guidelines. Higher prevalence rates were also observed for the PAG-MVPA (83.6 %) than for the PAG-Steps (33.8 %) when assessed using the SWA, but the prevalence rates and classification agreement (κ = 0.18) were lower than the values from the AG. Classification agreement between AG and SWA was lower for the PAG-MVPA (κ = 0.42) than for the PAG-Steps (κ = 0.55). CONCLUSIONS The results show differential patterns of compliance with the PAG-MVPA and PAG-Steps, as assessed by the AG and SWA. Additional research is needed to directly evaluate and compare findings from public health research based on different guidelines and measurement methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Hibbing
- Iowa State University, 237 Forker Building, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Youngwon Kim
- Iowa State University, 237 Forker Building, Ames, IA, 50011, USA. .,MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Pedro F Saint-Maurice
- Iowa State University, 237 Forker Building, Ames, IA, 50011, USA. .,University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Gregory J Welk
- Iowa State University, 237 Forker Building, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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15
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Bratteby Tollerz LU, Forslund AH, Olsson RM, Lidström H, Holmbäck U. Children with cerebral palsy do not achieve healthy physical activity levels. Acta Paediatr 2015. [PMID: 26215755 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study compared daily activity energy expenditure (AEE) in children with cerebral palsy with a control group and investigated whether the children achieved healthy levels of physical activity. METHODS We enrolled eight children with bilateral cerebral palsy, from eight to 10 years of age, and a group of controls matched for age and gender. For three days, physical activity was simultaneously measured by accelerometers and self-reports using a diary. The daily AEE results were compared between groups and methods. The number of children that achieved healthy physical activity levels in each group was explored. RESULTS Children with cerebral palsy had significantly lower daily AEE, as measured by accelerometers, than the controls, and they did not achieve the healthy moderate to heavy physical activity level defined in the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations. Self-reports using the diaries resulted in an overestimation of physical activity compared with the ankle accelerometer measurements in both groups. CONCLUSION Our investigation of physical activity in children with cerebral palsy and controls using accelerometers and a diary found low levels of daily AEE and physical activity, and these results were most prominent in the group with cerebral palsy. The diaries overestimated physical activity in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- LU Bratteby Tollerz
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - AH Forslund
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - RM Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - H Lidström
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Social and Welfare Studies; Linköping University; Norrköping Sweden
| | - U Holmbäck
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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16
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Quante M, Kaplan ER, Rueschman M, Cailler M, Buxton OM, Redline S. Practical considerations in using accelerometers to assess physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep. Sleep Health 2015; 1:275-284. [PMID: 29073403 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly, behavioral and epidemiological research uses activity-based measurements (accelerometry) to provide objective estimates of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep in a variety of study designs. As interest in concurrently assessing these domains grows, there are key methodological considerations that influence the choice of monitoring instrument, analysis algorithm, and protocol for measuring these behaviors. The purpose of this review is to summarize evidence-guided information for 7 areas that are of importance in the design and interpretation of studies using actigraphy: (1) choice of cut-points; (2) impact of epoch length; (3) accelerometer placement; (4) duration of monitoring; (5) approaches for distinguishing sleep, nonwear times, and sedentary behavior; (6) role for a sleep and activity diary; and (7) epidemiological applications. Recommendations for future research are outlined and are intended to enhance the appropriate use of accelerometry for assessing physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep behaviors in research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Quante
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Emily R Kaplan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Michael Rueschman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Michael Cailler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Orfeu M Buxton
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115; Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, 221 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Kresge Building, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115; Sleep Disorders Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115.
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17
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Brazendale K, Beets MW, Bornstein DB, Moore JB, Pate RR, Weaver RG, Falck RS, Chandler JL, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Cardon G, Cooper A, Davey R, Froberg K, Hallal PC, Janz KF, Kordas K, Kriemler S, Puder JJ, Reilly JJ, Salmon J, Sardinha LB, Timperio A, van Sluijs EMF. Equating accelerometer estimates among youth: The Rosetta Stone 2. J Sci Med Sport 2015; 19:242-249. [PMID: 25747468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Different accelerometer cutpoints used by different researchers often yields vastly different estimates of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA). This is recognized as cutpoint non-equivalence (CNE), which reduces the ability to accurately compare youth MVPA across studies. The objective of this research is to develop a cutpoint conversion system that standardizes minutes of MVPA for six different sets of published cutpoints. DESIGN Secondary data analysis. METHODS Data from the International Children's Accelerometer Database (ICAD; Spring 2014) consisting of 43,112 Actigraph accelerometer data files from 21 worldwide studies (children 3-18 years, 61.5% female) were used to develop prediction equations for six sets of published cutpoints. Linear and non-linear modeling, using a leave one out cross-validation technique, was employed to develop equations to convert MVPA from one set of cutpoints into another. Bland Altman plots illustrate the agreement between actual MVPA and predicted MVPA values. RESULTS Across the total sample, mean MVPA ranged from 29.7MVPAmind(-1) (Puyau) to 126.1MVPAmind(-1) (Freedson 3 METs). Across conversion equations, median absolute percent error was 12.6% (range: 1.3 to 30.1) and the proportion of variance explained ranged from 66.7% to 99.8%. Mean difference for the best performing prediction equation (VC from EV) was -0.110mind(-1) (limits of agreement (LOA), -2.623 to 2.402). The mean difference for the worst performing prediction equation (FR3 from PY) was 34.76mind(-1) (LOA, -60.392 to 129.910). CONCLUSIONS For six different sets of published cutpoints, the use of this equating system can assist individuals attempting to synthesize the growing body of literature on Actigraph, accelerometry-derived MVPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Brazendale
- University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, USA.
| | - Michael W Beets
- University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, USA
| | | | - Justin B Moore
- University of South Carolina, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, USA
| | - Russell R Pate
- University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, USA
| | - Robert G Weaver
- University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, USA
| | - Ryan S Falck
- University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, USA
| | | | - Lars B Andersen
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Denmark; Norwegian School of Sport Science, Norway
| | | | - Greet Cardon
- Ghent University, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Belgium
| | - Ashley Cooper
- University of Bristol, Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences/School of Social and Community Medicine, UK
| | - Rachel Davey
- University of Canberra, Centre for Research and Action in Public Health, Australia
| | - Karsten Froberg
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Denmark
| | | | - Kathleen F Janz
- University of Iowa, Department of Health and Human Physiology, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- University of Bristol, Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences/School of Social and Community Medicine, UK
| | - Susi Kriemler
- University of Zürich, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Public Health Institute, Switzerland
| | - Jardena J Puder
- University of Lausanne, Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Switzerland
| | - John J Reilly
- University of Glasgow, Division of Developmental Medicine, UK
| | - Jo Salmon
- Deakin University, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences/Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Australia
| | - Luis B Sardinha
- Technical University of Lisbon, Faculty of Human Movement, Portugal
| | - Anna Timperio
- University of Glasgow, Division of Developmental Medicine, UK
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18
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A sensitivity analysis on the variability in accelerometer data processing for monitoring physical activity. Gait Posture 2015; 41:516-21. [PMID: 25540989 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accelerometers are gaining popularity for measuring physical activity, but there are many different ways to process accelerometer data. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to study the effect of varying accelerometer data processing protocols on estimating the association between PA level and socio-demographic characteristics using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) accelerometer data. METHODS The NHANES waves 2003-2004 and 2005-2006 accelerometer data (n=14,072) were used to investigate the effect of changing the accelerometer non-wearing time and valid day definitions on the demographic composition of the filtered datasets and the association between physical activity (PA) and socio-demographic characteristics (sex, age, race, educational level, marital status). RESULTS Under different filtering rules (minimum number of valid day and definition of non-wear time), the demographic characteristics of the final sample varied. The proportion of participants aged 20-29 decreased from 18.9% to 15.8% when the minimum number of valid days required increased from 1 to 4 (p for trend<0.001), whereas that for aged ≥70 years increased from 18.9% to 20.6% (p for trend<0.001). Furthermore, with different filters, the effect of these demographic variables and PA varied, with some variables being significant under certain filtering rules but becoming insignificant under some other rules. CONCLUSIONS The sensitivity analysis showed that the significance of the association between socio-demographic variables and PA could be varied with the definition of non-wearing time and minimum number of valid days.
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19
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Johansson E, Ekelund U, Nero H, Marcus C, Hagströmer M. Calibration and cross-validation of a wrist-worn Actigraph in young preschoolers. Pediatr Obes 2015; 10:1-6. [PMID: 24408275 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2013.00213.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To calibrate the Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer for wrist-worn placement in young preschoolers by developing intensity thresholds for sedentary, low- and high-intensity physical activity. Furthermore, to cross-validate the developed thresholds in young preschoolers. METHODS Actigraph GT3X+ was used to measure physical activity during structured activities and free play in 38 children (15-36 months). Activity was video recorded and scored into sedentary, low- and high-intensity physical activity based on Children's Activity Rating Scale (CARS) and combined with accelerometer data using a 5 s epoch. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to develop intensity thresholds in 26 randomly selected children. The remaining 12 children were used for cross-validation. RESULTS Intensity thresholds for sedentary were ≤89 vertical counts (Y) and ≤221 vector magnitude (VM) counts per 5 s and ≥440 Y counts and ≥730 VM counts per 5 s for high-intensity physical activity. Sensitivity and specificity were 60-100% for the developed intensity thresholds. Strong correlations (Spearman rank correlation 0.69-0.91) were found in the cross-validation sample between the developed thresholds for the accelerometer and CARS scoring time in all intensity categories. CONCLUSION The developed intensity thresholds appear valid to categorize sedentary behaviour and physical activity intensity categories in children 2 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Johansson
- Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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ROWLANDS ALEXV, RENNIE KIRSTEN, KOZARSKI ROBERT, STANLEY REBECCAM, ESTON ROGERG, PARFITT GAYNORC, OLDS TIMS. Children’s Physical Activity Assessed with Wrist- and Hip-Worn Accelerometers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014; 46:2308-16. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Pedišić Ž, Bauman A. Accelerometer-based measures in physical activity surveillance: current practices and issues. Br J Sports Med 2014; 49:219-23. [PMID: 25370153 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-093407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-reports of physical activity (PA) have been the mainstay of measurement in most non-communicable disease (NCD) surveillance systems. To these, other measures are added to summate to a comprehensive PA surveillance system. Recently, some national NCD surveillance systems have started using accelerometers as a measure of PA. The purpose of this paper was specifically to appraise the suitability and role of accelerometers for population-level PA surveillance. METHODS A thorough literature search was conducted to examine aspects of the generalisability, reliability, validity, comprehensiveness and between-study comparability of accelerometer estimates, and to gauge the simplicity, cost-effectiveness, adaptability and sustainability of their use in NCD surveillance. CONCLUSIONS Accelerometer data collected in PA surveillance systems may not provide estimates that are generalisable to the target population. Accelerometer-based estimates have adequate reliability for PA surveillance, but there are still several issues associated with their validity. Accelerometer-based prevalence estimates are largely dependent on the investigators' choice of intensity cut-off points. Maintaining standardised accelerometer data collections in long-term PA surveillance systems is difficult, which may cause discontinuity in time-trend data. The use of accelerometers does not necessarily produce useful between-study and international comparisons due to lack of standardisation of data collection and processing methods. To conclude, it appears that accelerometers still have limitations regarding generalisability, validity, comprehensiveness, simplicity, affordability, adaptability, between-study comparability and sustainability. Therefore, given the current evidence, it seems that the widespread adoption of accelerometers specifically for large-scale PA surveillance systems may be premature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Željko Pedišić
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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22
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Abstract
The aim was to assess the technical variability of a new wrist-worn accelerometer under controlled conditions with a shaker device and during normal daily physical activities (PAs). In the first experiment, 10 wrist-worn accelerometers (Vivago(®) Wellness, Paris, France) were attached to the shaker device. Variability was tested at five shaking frequencies (1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, and 10 Hz) for 10 min at each frequency. In the second experiment, 21 participants wore wrist-worn accelerometers and performed six consecutive 10-min periods of activity at increasing levels of intensity from sedentary to vigorous. Results from the first experiment show a modest inter- and intra-instrument reliability at low frequencies and that reliability improved as frequency increased. The inter-instrument coefficient of variation (CV) was 2.6-18.3%. The intra-instrument CV was 4.1-23.2%. Variability was similar in the second experiment with a CV inversely related to PA intensity. The inter- and intra-instrument CV varied from 24.2% and 19.9% for sedentary activities to 3.7% and 4.3% for vigorous PA, respectively. Results suggest that reliability was higher at high intensities, corresponding to moderate and vigorous PA, intensities generally recommended for public health purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Vanhelst
- a Inserm U995 , Université Lille Nord de France , Lille , France
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23
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Cohen KE, Morgan PJ, Plotnikoff RC, Callister R, Lubans DR. Fundamental movement skills and physical activity among children living in low-income communities: a cross-sectional study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2014; 11:49. [PMID: 24708604 PMCID: PMC4234279 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-11-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous studies have demonstrated that children with high levels of fundamental movement skill competency are more active throughout the day, little is known regarding children's fundamental movement skill competency and their physical activity during key time periods of the school day (i.e., lunchtime, recess and after-school). The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between fundamental movement skill competency and objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) throughout the school day among children attending primary schools in low-income communities. METHODS Eight primary schools from low-income communities and 460 children (8.5 ± 0.6 years, 54% girls) were involved in the study. Children's fundamental movement skill competency (TGMD-2; 6 locomotor and 6 object-control skills), objectively measured physical activity (ActiGraph GT3X and GT3X + accelerometers), height, weight and demographics were assessed. Multilevel linear mixed models were used to assess the cross-sectional associations between fundamental movement skills and MVPA. RESULTS After adjusting for age, sex, BMI and socio-economic status, locomotor skill competency was positively associated with total (P=0.002, r=0.15) and after-school (P=0.014, r=0.13) MVPA. Object-control skill competency was positively associated with total (P<0.001, r=0.20), lunchtime (P=0.03, r=0.10), recess (P=0.006, r=0.11) and after-school (P=0.022, r=0.13) MVPA. CONCLUSIONS Object-control skill competency appears to be a better predictor of children's MVPA during school-based physical activity opportunities than locomotor skill competency. Improving fundamental movement skill competency, particularly object-control skills, may contribute to increased levels of children's MVPA throughout the day. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry No: ACTRN12611001080910.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David R Lubans
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, University Drive, Callaghan NSW, Australia.
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Measuring physical activity in children and adolescents for dietary surveys: practicalities, problems and pitfalls. Proc Nutr Soc 2014; 73:218-25. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665113003820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity is an important risk factor for many chronic diseases and contributes to obesity and poor mental well-being. The present paper describes the main advantages and disadvantages, practical problems, suggested uses, and future developments regarding self-reported and objective data collection in the context of dietary surveys. In dietary surveys, physical activity is measured primarily to estimate energy expenditure. Energy expenditure surveillance is important for tracking changes over time, particularly given the debates over the role of the relative importance of energy intake and expenditure changes in the aetiology of obesity. It is also important to assess the extent of underreporting of dietary intake in these surveys. Physical activity data collected should include details on the frequency, duration and relative intensity of activity for each activity type that contributes considerably to overall activity and energy expenditure. Problems of validity and reliability, associated with inaccurate assessment, recall bias, and social desirability bias, are well-known; children under 10 years cannot report their activities accurately. However, despite such limitations, questionnaires are still the dominant method of physical activity assessment in dietary surveys due to their low cost and relatively low participant burden. Objective, time-stamped measures that monitor heart rate and/or movement can provide more comprehensive, quantitative assessment of physical activity but at greater cost and participant burden. Although overcoming many limitations of questionnaires, objective measures also have drawbacks, including technical, practical and interpretational issues.
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