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Yin L, You T, El-Seedi HR, El-Garawani IM, Guo Z, Zou X, Cai J. Rapid and sensitive detection of zearalenone in corn using SERS-based lateral flow immunosensor. Food Chem 2022; 396:133707. [PMID: 35853376 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a universal mycotoxin contaminant in corn and its products. A surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based test strip was proposed for the detection of ZEN, which had the advantages of simplicity, rapidity, and high sensitivity. Core-shell Au@AgNPs with embedded reporter molecules (4-MBA) were synthesized as SERS nanoprobe, which exhibited excellent SERS signals and high stability. The detection range of ZEN for corn samples was 10-1000 μg/kg with the limit of detection (LOD) of 3.6 μg/kg, which is far below the recommended tolerable level (60 μg/kg). More importantly, the SERS method was verified by HPLC in the application on corn samples contaminated with ZEN, and the coincidence rates were in the range of 86.06%-111.23%, suggesting a high accuracy of the SERS assay. Therefore, the SERS-based test strip with an analysis time of less than 15 min is a promising tool for accurate and rapid detection of ZEN-field contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Tianyan You
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, BMC, Uppsala University, Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Islam M El-Garawani
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt
| | - Zhiming Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing (Jiangsu University), Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaobo Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing (Jiangsu University), Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jianrong Cai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Mahato DK, Devi S, Pandhi S, Sharma B, Maurya KK, Mishra S, Dhawan K, Selvakumar R, Kamle M, Mishra AK, Kumar P. Occurrence, Impact on Agriculture, Human Health, and Management Strategies of Zearalenone in Food and Feed: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:92. [PMID: 33530606 PMCID: PMC7912641 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins represent an assorted range of secondary fungal metabolites that extensively occur in numerous food and feed ingredients at any stage during pre- and post-harvest conditions. Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin categorized as a xenoestrogen poses structural similarity with natural estrogens that enables its binding to the estrogen receptors leading to hormonal misbalance and numerous reproductive diseases. ZEN is mainly found in crops belonging to temperate regions, primarily in maize and other cereal crops that form an important part of various food and feed. Because of the significant adverse effects of ZEN on both human and animal, there is an alarming need for effective detection, mitigation, and management strategies to assure food and feed safety and security. The present review tends to provide an updated overview of the different sources, occurrence and biosynthetic mechanisms of ZEN in various food and feed. It also provides insight to its harmful effects on human health and agriculture along with its effective detection, management, and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipendra Kumar Mahato
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia;
| | - Sheetal Devi
- National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Sonipat, Haryana 131028, India;
| | - Shikha Pandhi
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (S.P.); (B.S.); (K.K.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Bharti Sharma
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (S.P.); (B.S.); (K.K.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Kamlesh Kumar Maurya
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (S.P.); (B.S.); (K.K.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Sadhna Mishra
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (S.P.); (B.S.); (K.K.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Kajal Dhawan
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India;
| | - Raman Selvakumar
- Centre for Protected Cultivation Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Madhu Kamle
- Applied Microbiology Lab., Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli 791109, India;
| | - Awdhesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Applied Microbiology Lab., Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli 791109, India;
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Jantra J, Zór K, Sanders M, De Saeger S, Hedström M, Mattiasson B. Development of an automated flow‐based spectrophotometric immunoassay for continuous detection of zearalenone. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 67:375-382. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jongjit Jantra
- Division of BiotechnologyLund University Lund Sweden
- King Mongkut's Institute of Technology LadkrabangPrince of Chumphon Campus Pathiu Chumphon Thailand
| | - Kinga Zór
- Division of BiotechnologyLund University Lund Sweden
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN)Department of Health TechnologyTechnical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark
| | - Melanie Sanders
- Center of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public HealthFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Center of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public HealthFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Martin Hedström
- Division of BiotechnologyLund University Lund Sweden
- CapSenze Biosystems AB Lund Sweden
| | - Bo Mattiasson
- Division of BiotechnologyLund University Lund Sweden
- CapSenze Biosystems AB Lund Sweden
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Calori-Domingues MA, Bernardi CMG, Nardin MS, de Souza GV, Dos Santos FGR, Stein MDA, Gloria EMD, Dias CTDS, de Camargo AC. Co-occurrence and distribution of deoxynivalenol, nivalenol and zearalenone in wheat from Brazil. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2016; 9:142-51. [PMID: 26886061 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2016.1152598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV) and zearalenone (ZEN) were investigated in wheat from the 2009 and 2010 crop years. Samples (n = 745) from commercial fields were collected in four wheat producing regions (WPR) which differed in weather conditions. Analyses were performed using HPLC-DAD. Contamination with ZEN, DON and NIV occurred in 56, 86 and 50%, respectively. Also, mean concentrations were different: DON = 1046 µg kg(-1), NIV < 100 µg kg(-1) and ZEN = 82 µg kg(-1). Co-occurrence of ZEN, DON and NIV was observed in 74% of the samples from 2009 and in 12% from 2010. Wet/cold region WPR I had the highest mycotoxin concentration. Wet/moderately hot region WPR II had the lowest mycotoxin levels. Furthermore, the mean concentration of each mycotoxin was higher in samples from 2009 as compared with those from 2010. Precipitation during flowering or harvest periods may explain these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonia Calori-Domingues
- a Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food & Nutrition, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture , University of São Paulo , Piracicaba , Brazil
| | - Carolina Maria Gil Bernardi
- a Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food & Nutrition, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture , University of São Paulo , Piracicaba , Brazil
| | - Mariana Sartori Nardin
- a Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food & Nutrition, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture , University of São Paulo , Piracicaba , Brazil
| | - Gláucia Vendramini de Souza
- a Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food & Nutrition, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture , University of São Paulo , Piracicaba , Brazil
| | | | - Mirella de Abreu Stein
- a Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food & Nutrition, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture , University of São Paulo , Piracicaba , Brazil
| | - Eduardo Micotti da Gloria
- a Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food & Nutrition, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture , University of São Paulo , Piracicaba , Brazil
| | - Carlos Tadeu Dos Santos Dias
- b Department of Exact Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture , University of São Paulo , Piracicaba , Brazil
| | - Adriano Costa de Camargo
- a Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food & Nutrition, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture , University of São Paulo , Piracicaba , Brazil
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Almeida-Ferreira GC, Barbosa-Tessmann IP, Sega R, Machinski M. Occurrence of zearalenone in wheat- and corn-based products commercialized in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2013; 44:371-5. [PMID: 24294224 PMCID: PMC3833130 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822013005000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The productivity of wheat and corn crops depends on climatic conditions and resistance against phytopathogenic fungi such as those of the genus Fusarium. Some species of this genus produce zearalenone (ZEA), a mycotoxin with hyperestrogenic effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of ZEA in samples of cracked wheat (n = 109), popcorn (n = 51) and corn grits (n = 50) commercialized in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Commercial samples of each crop were collected between September 2007 and June 2008 and analyzed by thin-layer chromatography. The method used for detection of the mycotoxin in wheat and corn derivatives presented a recovery rate of 94.5% and 99.5%, respectively, detection limit of 40 μg.kg−1 and quantification limit of 55 μg.kg−1. No contamination with ZEA was detected in cracked wheat samples. Among the corn derivatives, only one cracked corn sample was contaminated with ZEA (64 μg.kg−1). Despite the low contamination observed, monitoring the occurrence of mycotoxins in foods is important to ensure safety.
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Güray T, Tuncel M, Uysal UD, Oncu-Kaya EM. DETERMINATION OF ZEARALENONE BY THE CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS-UV DETECTION AND ITS APPLICATION TO POULTRY FEED AND CEREALS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.691437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tufan Güray
- a Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry , Eskişehir Osmangazi University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Tuncel
- b Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Ulku Dilek Uysal
- c Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Elif Mine Oncu-Kaya
- c Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
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Garcia D, Barros G, Chulze S, Ramos AJ, Sanchis V, Marín S. Impact of cycling temperatures on Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium graminearum growth and mycotoxins production in soybean. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:2952-9. [PMID: 22555960 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium graminearum and F. verticillioides are two very important mycotoxigenic species as they cause diverse diseases in crops. The effects of constant and cycling temperatures on growth and mycotoxin production of these species were studied on soybean based medium and on irradiated soya beans. RESULTS F. graminearum grew better when was incubated at 15, 20 and 15-20 °C (isothermal or cycling temperature) during 21 days of incubation. Maximum levels of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol (39.25 and 1040.4 µg g(-1), respectively) were detected on soya beans after 15 days of incubation and the optimal temperature for mycotoxin production was 15 °C for zearalenone and 20 °C for deoxynivalenol. F. verticillioides grew better at 25 °C in culture medium and at 15/20 °C and 15/25 °C on soybean seeds. Fumonisin B(1) was produced only in culture medium, and the maximum level (7.38 µg g(-1)) was found at 15 °C after 7 days of incubation. CONCLUSION When growth and mycotoxin production under cycling temperatures were predicted from the results under constant conditions, observed values were different from calculated for both species and substrate medium. Therefore, care should be taken if data at constant temperature conditions are to be extrapolated to real field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Garcia
- Food Technology Department, Lleida University, UTPV-XaRTA-CRA, Lleida, Spain
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Kolosova A, Stroka J. Evaluation of the effect of mycotoxin binders in animal feed on the analytical performance of standardised methods for the determination of mycotoxins in feed. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2012; 29:1959-71. [PMID: 22971076 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2012.720035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the use of substances that can suppress or reduce absorption, promote the excretion of mycotoxins or modify their mode of action in feed, so-called mycotoxin binders, has been officially allowed in the European Union as technological feed additives. The influence of the addition of mycotoxin binders to animal feed on the analytical performance of the official methods for the determination of mycotoxins was studied and the results are presented. Where possible standardised methods for analysis were applied. Samples of 20 commercial mycotoxin binders were collected from various companies. The following mycotoxins were included in the study: aflatoxin B₁, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, fumonisins B₁ and B₂, T-2 and HT-2 toxins. A binder (or binders combined in a group) was mixed with feed material containing the mycotoxin, and the feed material was analysed. For data evaluation, the mean values were compared by Student's t-test (an independent two-sample t-test with unequal sample sizes and equal variance). The repeatability standard deviation of each method was used as an estimate of method variability. No significant differences (p = 0.05) in mycotoxin levels between binder-free material and the material containing different binders were found. Further, the possible effects of binder addition in combination with processing (pelletising) on the amount of aflatoxin B₁ determined in feed were studied. Three commercial mycotoxin binders containing hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) as the main component were used in these experiments. Feed samples with and without mycotoxin binders were pelletised with and without steam treatment. After pelletising, materials were analysed for AFB₁. Only the combination pelletising and a mixture of binders added at a total level of 1.2% had a significant effect (41% reduction) on the amount of AFB₁ determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kolosova
- European Commission, Joint Research Center, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Geel, Belgium
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Almeida M, Almeida N, Carvalho K, Gonçalves G, Silva C, Santos E, Garcia J, Vargas E. Co-occurrence of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1and G2, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and citreoviridin in rice in Brazil. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2012; 29:694-703. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.651750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Feng Y, Tao B, Pang M, Liu Y, Dong J. Occurrence of major mycotoxins in maize from Hebei Province, China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11703-011-1115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Kolosova A, Stroka J. Substances for reduction of the contamination of feed by mycotoxins: a review. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2011. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2011.1288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The global occurrence of mycotoxins is considered to be a major risk factor for human and animal health. Contamination of different agricultural commodities with mycotoxins still occurs despite the most strenuous prevention efforts. As a result, mycotoxin contaminated feed can cause serious disorders and diseases in farm animals. A number of approaches, such as physical and chemical detoxification procedures, have been used to counteract mycotoxins. However, only a few of them have practical application. A recent and promising approach to protect animals against the harmful effects of mycotoxin contaminated feed is the use of substances for reduction of the contamination of feed by mycotoxins. These substances, so-called mycotoxin binders (MB), are added to the diet in order to reduce the absorption of mycotoxins from the gastrointestinal tract and their distribution to blood and target organs, thus preventing or reducing mycotoxicosis in livestock. Recently, the use of such substances as technological feed additives has been officially allowed in the European Union. The efficacy of MB appears to depend on the properties of both the binder and the mycotoxin. Depending on their mode of action, these feed additives may act either by binding mycotoxins to their surface (adsorption), or by degrading or transforming them into less toxic metabolites (biotransformation). Biotransformation can be achieved by mycotoxin-degrading enzymes or by microorganisms producing such enzymes. Various inorganic adsorbents, such as hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate, zeolites, bentonites, clays, and activated carbons, have been tested and used as MB. An interesting alternative to inorganic adsorbents for the detoxification of mycotoxins is the use of organic binders, such as yeast cell wall components, synthetic polymers (cholestyramine, polyvinylpyrrolidone), humic substances and dietary fibres. This paper gives an overview of the current knowledge and situation in the field of MB. The most important types of MB, mechanism of their action, and their application as a part of general strategy to counteract mycotoxins are described in this review. Recent advances in the use and study of MB, as well as data of their in vitro and in vivo effectiveness are given. Problems, potential, current trends and perspectives associated with the use of MB are discussed as well in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Kolosova
- Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, European Commission, Joint Research Center, Retieseweg 111, 2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - J. Stroka
- Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, European Commission, Joint Research Center, Retieseweg 111, 2440 Geel, Belgium
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Zhang X, Liu W, Logrieco AF, Yang M, Ou-yang Z, Wang X, Guo Q. Determination of zearalenone in traditional Chinese medicinal plants and related products by HPLC–FLD. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 28:885-93. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.563429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhang
- a Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193 , China
- b School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , China
| | - Wenkun Liu
- a Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193 , China
- c School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang 330004 , China
| | - Antonio F. Logrieco
- d Institute of Sciences of Food Production , ISPA-CNR, Via G. Amendola, 122/O, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Meihua Yang
- a Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Zhen Ou-yang
- b School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , China
| | - Xiong Wang
- e Clovertek Technology Group Inc , Beijing 100044 , China
| | - Qi Guo
- e Clovertek Technology Group Inc , Beijing 100044 , China
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Havens SM, Hedman CJ, Hemming JDC, Mieritz MG, Shafer MM, Schauer JJ. Stability, preservation, and quantification of hormones and estrogenic and androgenic activities in surface water runoff. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2010; 29:2481-2490. [PMID: 20865698 DOI: 10.1002/etc.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of hormones that may occur during storage of surface water samples can lead to underestimations in estrogenic and androgenic activities and inaccuracies in hormone concentrations. The current study investigated the use of sodium azide, hydrochloric acid (HCl), and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) to inhibit the degradation of hormones and estrogenic and androgenic activities in samples of surface water runoff from cattle manure-amended fields during storage at 4°C. Hormones and hormone metabolites were extracted using solid-phase extraction and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with tandem MS. Estrogenic and androgenic activities were assessed by E-screen and A-screen, respectively. Results of the current study indicate significant degradation of estrogenic, androgenic, and progestogenic hormones and activities, which is likely attributable to microbial activity, within hours of sample collection. The inclusion of internal standards provides a means to account for hormone losses caused by extraction inefficiency and to some extent degradation. However, internal standards are unable to adequately account for significant losses and are not available for E-screen and A-screen. Sodium azide did not adequately inhibit androgen degradation at the concentration used (1 g/L). Acid preservation (HCl or H₂SO₄, pH 2) stabilized the estrogenic and androgenic activities, and coupling acid preservation with the use of internal standards resulted in reliable and accurate recovery of a suite of androgens, estrogens, and progestogens for up to 14 d of storage at 4°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya M Havens
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
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15
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Isolation and characterization of a Bacillus licheniformis strain capable of degrading zearalenone. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Songsermsakul P, Razzazi-Fazeli E. A Review of Recent Trends in Applications of Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Determination of Mycotoxins. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070802126395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Songsermsakul
- a Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Khon Kaen University , Thailand
| | - E. Razzazi-Fazeli
- b Department of Veterinary Public Health , Institute of Nutrition, VetOMICS Core Facility for Research/University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna, Austria
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Hervás M, López MÁ, Escarpa A. Simplified calibration and analysis on screen-printed disposable platforms for electrochemical magnetic bead-based inmunosensing of zearalenone in baby food samples. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 25:1755-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Reddy KRN, Salleh B, Saad B, Abbas HK, Abel CA, Shier WT. An overview of mycotoxin contamination in foods and its implications for human health. TOXIN REV 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/15569541003598553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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19
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Hervás M, López MÁ, Escarpa A. Electrochemical immunoassay using magnetic beads for the determination of zearalenone in baby food: An anticipated analytical tool for food safety. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 653:167-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Shim WB, Kim KY, Chung DH. Development and validation of a gold nanoparticle immunochromatographic assay (ICG) for the detection of zearalenone. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:4035-4041. [PMID: 19348422 DOI: 10.1021/jf900075h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based gold nanoparticle immunochromatographic assay (ICG) for zearalenone detection was developed, optimized, and validated. The detection limits of ICG optimized with appropriate amounts of zearalenone-bovine serum albumin and gold nanoparticle-mAb to zearalenone were 2.5 ng/mL and 30 μg/kg for the standard solution and spike sample, respectively, and a weak cross-reaction for α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol was observed. The assay required only 15 min to obtain results and one step to perform the assay. In validation, the results obtained from spiked corn (10, 20, 30, 50, and 100 μg/kg) and naturally contaminated corn samples by the ICG were in good agreement with those obtained by direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DC-ELISA) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Therefore, the results obtained in this study could be used as basic research for the development of zearalenone-ICG, and the ICG developed could be a useful on-site screening tool for the rapid detection of zearalenone in corn without special instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Bo Shim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 program), Graduate School, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Gyeongnam 660-701, Korea
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Thongrussamee T, Kuzmina N, Shim WB, Jiratpong T, Eremin S, Intrasook J, Chung DH. Monoclonal-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of zearalenone in cereals. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2008; 25:997-1006. [PMID: 18608510 DOI: 10.1080/02652030701823159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Hartmann N, Erbs M, Wettstein FE, Hoerger CC, Schwarzenbach RP, Bucheli TD. Quantification of zearalenone in various solid agroenvironmental samples using D6-zearalenone as the internal standard. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:2926-2932. [PMID: 18412358 DOI: 10.1021/jf8002448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Because of its pronounced estrogenicity, zearalenone may be of concern not only in the aqueous but also in the terrestrial environment. Therefore, we developed several analytical methods to quantify zearalenone in different solid matrices of agroenvironmental relevance (i.e., plant organs, soil, manure, and sewage sludge). The use of D(6)-zearalenone as the internal standard (IS) was essential to render the analytical method largely matrix-independent because it compensated for target analyte losses during extract treatment and ion suppression during ionization. Soil and sewage sludge samples were extracted with Soxhlet, whereas plant material and manure samples were extracted by liquid solvent extraction at room temperature. Absolute recoveries for zearalenone were 70-104% for plant materials, 105% for soil, 76% for manure, and 30% for sewage sludge. Relative recoveries ranged from 86 to 113% for all matrices, indicating that the IS was capable to largely compensate for losses during analysis. Ion suppression, between 8 and 74%, was in all cases compensated by the IS but influenced the method quantification levels. These were 3.2-26.2 ng/g(dryweightdw) for plant materials, 0.7 ng/g(dw) for soil, 12.3 ng/g(dw) for manure, and 6.8 ng/g(dw) for sewage sludge. Plant material concentrations varied from 86 ng/g(dw) to more than 16.7 microg/g(dw), depending on the organ and crop. Soil concentrations were between not detectable and 7.5 ng/g(dw), depending on the sampling depth. Zearalenone could be quantified in all manure samples in concentrations between 8 and 333 ng/g(dw). Except for two of the 85 investigated sewage sludge samples, zearalenone concentrations were below quantification limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolo Hartmann
- Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon Research Station ART, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046 Zürich, Switzerland
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Zinedine A, Soriano JM, Moltó JC, Mañes J. Review on the toxicity, occurrence, metabolism, detoxification, regulations and intake of zearalenone: An oestrogenic mycotoxin. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45:1-18. [PMID: 17045381 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 922] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2005] [Revised: 07/21/2006] [Accepted: 07/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin produced mainly by fungi belonging to the genus Fusarium in foods and feeds. It is frequently implicated in reproductive disorders of farm animals and occasionally in hyperoestrogenic syndromes in humans. There is evidence that ZEA and its metabolites possess oestrogenic activity in pigs, cattle and sheep. However, ZEA is of a relatively low acute toxicity after oral or interperitoneal administration in mice, rat and pig. The biotransformation for ZEA in animals involves the formation of two metabolites alpha-zearalenol (alpha-ZEA) and beta-zearalenol (beta-ZEA) which are subsequently conjugated with glucuronic acid. Moreover, ZEA has also been shown to be hepatotoxic, haematotoxic, immunotoxic and genotoxic. The exact mechanism of ZEA toxicity is not completely established. This paper gives an overview about the acute, subacute and chronic toxicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, carcinogenicity, genotoxicity and immunotoxicity of ZEA and its metabolites. ZEA is commonly found on several foods and feeds in the temperate regions of Europe, Africa, Asia, America and Oceania. Recent data about the worldwide contamination of foods and feeds by ZEA are considered in this review. Due to economic losses engendered by ZEA and its impact on human and animal health, several strategies for detoxifying contaminated foods and feeds have been described in the literature including physical, chemical and biological process. Dietary intakes of ZEA were reported from few countries from the world. The mean dietary intakes for ZEA have been estimated at 20 ng/kgb.w./day for Canada, Denmark and Norway and at 30 ng/kgb.w./day for the USA. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) established a provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) for ZEA of 0.5 microg/kg of body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah Zinedine
- Laboratory of Food Toxicology, National Institute of Health (INH), BP 769 Agdal, 27 Avenue Ibn Battouta, Rabat, Morocco.
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Suzuki T, Munakata Y, Morita K, Shinoda T, Ueda H. Sensitive Detection of Estrogenic Mycotoxin Zearalenone by Open Sandwich Immunoassay. ANAL SCI 2007; 23:65-70. [PMID: 17213626 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.23.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is an estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium sp., and its production on corn and small grains during storage has been of considerable concern. For sensitive ZEA detection, we applied an open sandwich (OS) immunoassay that can noncompetitively detect monovalent antigens utilizing an antigen-induced enhancement of the V(H)/V(L) interaction. We cloned the V(H) and V(L) cDNAs of anti-ZEA mAb to a split-Fv phagemid pKST2, and firstly both V(H) and V(L) fragments were displayed on M13 phage p9 and p7, respectively, using an amber suppressor, TG-1, as a host. The split-Fv phage showed specific binding to immobilized ZEA, which was well inhibited by free ZEA. Then, the V(H)/V(L) interaction and its antigen-dependency were analyzed using a non-suppressor HB2151 as a host to produce V(H)-displaying phage and his/myc-tagged soluble V(L) in the culture supernatant. By capturing V(L) with an anti-myc or -his antibody and probing bound V(H)-phage, ZEA was successfully detected with a superior detection limit as well as a wider working range than those of a competitive assay. Also, essentially the same results were reproduced with purified V(H)-alkaline phosphatase and MBP-V(L) fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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Urraca JL, Marazuela MD, Moreno-Bondi MC. Molecularly imprinted polymers applied to the clean-up of zearalenone and α-zearalenol from cereal and swine feed sample extracts. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 385:1155-61. [PMID: 16628404 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2005] [Revised: 01/26/2006] [Accepted: 01/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A molecularly imprinted polymer prepared using 1-allylpiperazine (1-ALPP) as the functional monomer, trimethyltrimethacrylate (TRIM) as the crosslinker and the zearalenone (ZON)-mimicking template cyclododecanyl-2,4-dihydroxybenzoate (CDHB) has been applied to the clean-up and preconcentration of this mycotoxin (zearalenone) and a related metabolite, alpha-zearalenol (alpha-ZOL), from cereal and swine feed sample extracts. The extraction of ZON and alpha-ZOL from the food samples was accomplished using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with MeOH/ACN (50:50, v/v) as the extraction solvent, at 50 degrees C and 1500 psi. The extracted samples were cleaned up and preconcentrated through the MIP cartridge and analyzed using HPLC with fluorescence detection (lambda (exc)=271/ lambda (em)=452 nm). The stationary phase was a polar endcapped C18 column, and ACN/MeOH/water 10/55/35 (v/v/v, 15 mM ammonium acetate) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min(-1) was used as the mobile phase. The method was applied to the analysis of ZON and alpha-ZOL in wheat, corn, barley, rye, rice and swine feed samples fortified with 50, 100 and 400 ng g(-1) of both mycotoxins, and it gave recoveries of between 85 and 97% (RSD 2.1-6.7%, n=3) and 87-97% (RSD 2.3-5.6%, n=3) for alpha-ZOL and ZON, respectively. The method was validated using a corn reference material for ZON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier L Urraca
- Laboratory of Optical Sensors, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Urraca JL, Marazuela MD, Merino ER, Orellana G, Moreno-Bondi MC. Molecularly imprinted polymers with a streamlined mimic for zearalenone analysis. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1116:127-34. [PMID: 16595138 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2005] [Revised: 03/10/2006] [Accepted: 03/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) with selective recognition properties for zearalenone (ZON), an estrogenic mycotoxin, and structurally related compounds have been prepared using the non-covalent imprinting approach. A rationally designed ZON analogue, cyclododecyl 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate (CDHB), that exhibits resemblance to ZON in terms of size, shape and functionality has been synthesized and used as template for MIP preparation instead of the natural toxin. Several functional monomers have been evaluated to maximize the interactions with the template molecule during the polymerization process. The polymer material prepared with 1-allylpiperazine (1-ALPP) as functional monomer, trimethyl trimethacrylate (TRIM) as cross-linker and acetonitrile as porogen (in a 1:4:20 molar ratio) displayed superior binding capacities than any other of the MIPs tested. Selectivity of this material for ZON and structurally related and non-related compounds has been evaluated using it as stationary phase in liquid chromatography. Our results demonstrate that the imprinted polymer shows significant affinity in the porogenic solvent for the template mimic (CDHB) as well as for the ZON and other related target metabolites in food samples, dramatically improving the performance of previously reported MIPs for ZON recognition. Therefore, MIPs can be an excellent alternative for clean-up and preconcentration of the mycotoxin in contaminated food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Urraca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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Nuryono N, Noviandi C, Böhm J, Razzazi-Fazeli E. A limited survey of zearalenone in Indonesian maize-based food and feed by ELISA and high performance liquid chromatography. Food Control 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2003.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Urraca J, Marazuela M, Moreno-Bondi M. Analysis for zearalenone and α-zearalenol in cereals and swine feed using accelerated solvent extraction and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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De Saeger S, Sibanda L, Van Peteghem C. Analysis of zearalenone and α-zearalenol in animal feed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00555-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hadiani MR, Yazdanpanah H, Ghazi-Khansari M, Cheraghali AM, Goodarzi M. Survey of the natural occurrence of zearalenone in maize from northern Iran by thin-layer chromatography densitometry. FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS 2003; 20:380-5. [PMID: 12775481 DOI: 10.1080/0265203031000087968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
During September 2000, forty samples of preharvest maize from the province of Mazandaran, north Iran, were randomly collected. Samples were analysed for zearalenone (ZEA) by a thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method (AOAC Official Method). ZEA was extracted with chloroform, purified through a chromatographic column containing silica gel, separated on a TLC plate and quantified by densitometry. The analytical method was validated and was adequately reliable and sensitive. The mean recovery rate of ZEA from spiked samples was 92%. The absolute amount of ZEA standard detectable on a TLC plate was 20 ng, giving a limit of detection (LOD) of 100 ng g(-1). In some samples, it was shown that aflatoxins interfere with ZEA. Therefore, to remove this interference, the TLC mobile phase was changed. Data revealed that three of 40 (7.5%) maize samples contained ZEA in the range 100-212 ng g(-1), with a mean of 141+/-51 ng g(-1). This study, which is the first report of ZEA occurrence in Iranian maize, showed that the ZEA level in maize of Mazandaran province was lower than maximum limit for this mycotoxin in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Hadiani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Ostry V, Skarkova J. A HPTLC method for the determination of the mycotoxin zearalenone in cereal products. Mycotoxin Res 2003; 19:64-8. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02940096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gilbert J, Anklam E. Validation of analytical methods for determining mycotoxins in foodstuffs. Trends Analyt Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-9936(02)00604-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vargas EA, Preis RA, Castro L, Silva CM. Co-occurrence of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, zearalenone and fumonisin B1 in Brazilian corn. FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS 2001; 18:981-6. [PMID: 11665739 DOI: 10.1080/02652030110046190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Two hundred and fourteen unprocessed corn samples (1997-98 harvest), collected at wholesale markets in different regions in Brazil, were surveyed for the occurrence of mycotoxins. The samples were analysed for aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, zearalenone and fumonisin B1 using in-house validated methods. The occurrence of aflatoxin B1, zearalenone and fumonisin B1 was found in 38.3, 30.4 and 99.1% of the samples, respectively. Aflatoxin B1, zearalenone and fumonisin B1 contamination levels varied from 0.2 to 129, 36.8 to 719, and 200 to 6100 microg/kg, respectively. The co-occurrence of the two carcinogenic mycotoxins aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 was observed in 100% of the aflatoxin-contaminated samples (82 samples). Co-occurrences of aflatoxin B1: zearalenone: fumonisin B1 and aflatoxin B1: aflatoxin B2: fumonisin B1 were found in 18 and 43 samples, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Vargas
- Ministry of Agriculture and Supply, Laboratory for Mycotoxin Analysis, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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