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Zhang X, Zheng Y, Liu G. Negative life events predict depressive trends: the moderating effect of overgeneral autobiographical memory and early parenting behaviour. Memory 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39288237 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2024.2404261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The Emerging Adulthood is a complex and chaotic period and depression is one of the main psychological health problems during this period. Overgeneral autobiographical memory (OGM) is prevalent among patients with clinical depression. However, the prediction of OGM in groups with non-clinical depression and its influencing mechanisms remain inconclusive. Studies have shown that OGM and early parenting behaviour are vulnerable factors of depression in emerging adulthood, which may be triggered by negative life events. Our longitudinal study included 241 participants (Mage = 21.88 years). At baseline, participants completed measures of current negative life events, depression, early parenting behaviour and an autobiographical memory test. Thereafter, they were tracked for depression every 35 days. We used the latent class growth model to differentiate levels and trends of depression among non-clinical participants. The analysis showed that the effect of negative life events on depression was moderated by OGM and early parenting behaviour. However, this moderating effect was found only in the low-risk depression group. Our findings indicate that early parenting behaviour might account for the different mechanisms of OGM production in non-clinical groups. Moreover, it underlines the importance of OGM and early parenting behaviour as potential predictors of future depression in non-clinical groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yuanxia Zheng
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxiong Liu
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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2
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Arnold EM, Yalch MM, Christodoulou J, Murphy DA, Swendeman D, Rotheram-Borus MJ. Rumination influences the relationship between trauma and depression over time among youth living with HIV. J Affect Disord 2023; 322:9-14. [PMID: 36370915 PMCID: PMC9793436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatizing events often result in long-term mental health symptoms. Identifying the features of the post-trauma experiences that can impact mental health symptoms is key to designing effective interventions. METHODS Youth living with HIV (YLH),1 predominantly sexual and gender minorities (SGM;2 84 % gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, pansexual identities), 78 % Black and Latino, (N = 170) were recruited in New Orleans, LA and Los Angeles, CA from 13 youth-serving agencies. They were assessed for trauma, rumination and depression, with 78 % reassessed for depression at 4 and 74 % at 8 months later. Relationships between these variables were examined using a Bayesian approach to structural equation modeling. RESULTS At recruitment, 78 % of YLH reported at least one traumatic event, and 21 % met the cut-off score indicating depression on the PHQ-9. Ruminations were reported by 41 % of YLH. While associations between trauma and depression were modest (rmean = 0.19), ruminations were moderately associated with depressive symptoms over time (rmean = 0.34). Ruminations were only modestly associated with trauma (rmean = 0.19) but had a robust negative association (λSTD = -0.29) with the slope of depressive symptoms such that the more ruminations YLH experienced, the smaller the decline in depression over time. The associations between trauma and depression were more modest (λSTD ≤ 0.12). Limitations The main limitations of this study are the lack of a scale to measure trauma and the use of a single item measure of rumination. CONCLUSION Ruminations appear to be associated with traumatic events for a large subset of young people, suggesting that future interventions should consider including components addressing ruminations. CLINICALTRIALS gov registration NCT03109431.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Mayfield Arnold
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America.
| | - Matthew M Yalch
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Joan Christodoulou
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Debra A Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Dallas Swendeman
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Millon EM, Lehrer PM, Shors TJ. Meditation and Aerobic Exercise Enhance Mental Health Outcomes and Pattern Separation Learning Without Changing Heart Rate Variability in Women with HIV. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2022; 47:27-42. [PMID: 35040014 PMCID: PMC8763305 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-021-09530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mental and physical (MAP) training targets the brain and the body through a combination of focused-attention meditation and aerobic exercise. The following feasibility pilot study tested whether 6 weeks of MAP training improves mental health outcomes, while enhancing discrimination learning and heart rate variability (HRV) in a group of women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other stress-related conditions. Participants were assigned to training (n = 18) or no-training control (n = 8) groups depending on their ability and willingness to participate, and if their schedule allowed. Training sessions were held once a week for 6 weeks with 30 min of meditation followed by 30 min of aerobic exercise. Before and after 6 weeks of training, participants completed the Behavioral Pattern Separation Task as a measure of discrimination learning, self-report questionnaires of ruminative and trauma-related thoughts, depression, anxiety, and perceived stress, and an assessment of HRV at rest. After training, participants reported fewer ruminative and trauma-related thoughts, fewer depressive and anxiety symptoms, and less perceived stress (p's < 0.05). The positive impact on ruminative thoughts and depressive symptoms persisted 6 months after training. They also demonstrated enhanced discrimination of similar patterns of information (p < 0.05). HRV did not change after training (p > 0.05). Combining mental and physical training is an effective program for enhancing mental health and aspects of cognition in women living with HIV, although not necessarily through variance in heart rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Millon
- Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
| | - Paul M Lehrer
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tracey J Shors
- Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Sullivan KL, Sheppard DP, Johnson B, Thompson JL, Medina LD, Neighbors C, Hasbun R, Morgan EE, Loft S, Woods SP. Future and past autobiographical memory in persons with HIV disease. Neuropsychology 2021; 35:461-471. [PMID: 34292009 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: While HIV disease is associated with impairment in declarative memory, the ability of people with HIV (PWH) to describe past and future autobiographical events is not known. Method: Participants included 63 PWH and 28 seronegative individuals ages 50-78 who completed standardized neurocognitive and everyday functioning assessments. Participants described four events from the recent past and four imagined events in the near future, details from which were classified as internal or external to the main event. Result: PWH produced fewer autobiographical details with small-to-medium effect sizes but did not differ from seronegative participants in meta-cognitive ratings of their performance. Performance of the study groups did not vary across past or future probes or internal versus external details; however, within the entire sample, past events were described in greater detail than future events, and more external than internal details were produced. Within the PWH group, the production of fewer internal details for future events was moderately associated with poorer prospective memory, executive dysfunction, and errors on a laboratory-based task of medication management. Conclusion: Older PWH may experience difficulty generating autobiographical details from the past and simulated events in the future, which may be related to executive dyscontrol of memory processes. Future studies might examine the role of future thinking in health behaviors such as medication adherence and retention in healthcare among PWH. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rodrigo Hasbun
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | | | - Shayne Loft
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia
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Hallford DJ, Rusanov D, Yeow JJE, Barry TJ. Overgeneral and specific autobiographical memory predict the course of depression: an updated meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2021; 51:909-926. [PMID: 33875023 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721001343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Impairments in retrieving event-level, specific autobiographical memories, termed overgeneral memory (OGM), are recognised as a feature of clinical depression. A previous meta-analytic review assessing how OGM predicts the course of subsequent depressive symptoms showed small effects for correlations and regression analyses when baseline depressive symptoms were controlled for. We aimed to update this study and examine whether their findings replicate given the decade of research that has been published since. A systematic literature review using the same eligibility criteria as the previous meta-analysis led to a doubling of eligible studies (32 v. 15). The results provided more precise estimates of effect sizes, and largely support the finding that OGM predicts the course of depressive symptoms. The effects were generally small, but significantly larger among clinical samples, compared to studies with non-clinical samples. There was some evidence that higher age was associated with stronger effects, and longer follow-up was associated with weaker effects. The findings on other moderating variables that were analysed were mixed. Continued research into this modifiable cognitive process may help to provide an avenue to better understand and treat highly prevalent and impactful depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Hallford
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D Rusanov
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J J E Yeow
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Melbourne, Australia
| | - T J Barry
- Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
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Millon EM, Shors TJ. How mental health relates to everyday stress, rumination, trauma and interoception in women living with HIV: A factor analytic study. LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2020.101680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Nieto M, Navarro-Bravo B, Moreno B, Ocana A, Serrano JP, Boix Gras C, Ricarte J, Fernández-Aguilar L, Ros L, Latorre JM. Functioning of autobiographical memory specificity and self-defining memories in people with cancer diagnosis. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8126. [PMID: 31875144 PMCID: PMC6925954 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cognitive and emotional disturbances have been associated with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Autobiographical memory is one of the specific cognitive processes affected during this disease. The current study had two main aims: (1) to compare the functioning of autobiographical memory specificity and its related variables (executive functioning, depression and perceived stress) in a group of persons with cancer and a control group; and (2) to analyze whether the experience of cancer evolved into a self-defining memory in the sample of participants diagnosed with this disease. METHOD The study sample comprised 62 participants, 31 in the group with a cancer diagnosis and 31 in the control group. Autobiographical memory specificity, executive functions, depression, stress and self-defining memory were evaluated in the current study. RESULTS Depressive symptomatology and reduced executive functioning, but not perceived stress levels, are related and are predictors of autobiographical memory specificity. In addition, the identified characteristics of the self-defining memories were associated with the cancer experience as a threat to physical integrity and an awareness of the meaning of life. CONCLUSION This emerging research line is especially important in view of its possible impacts on patients' well-being, due to the importance of psychological processes in cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Nieto
- Department of Psychology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Beatriz Navarro-Bravo
- Department of Psychology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación, Gerencia de Atención Integrada de Albacete, Fundación del Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Albacete, Spain
| | - Beatriz Moreno
- Asociación Costuras en la Piel en Apoyo a la Unidad de Investigación de Cáncer, ACEPAIN, Albacete, Spain
| | - Alberto Ocana
- Translational Research Unit, Albacete University Hospital, and CIBERONC, Albacete, Spain
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro Serrano
- Department of Psychology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Clotilde Boix Gras
- Centro de salud zona 8, Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Jorge Ricarte
- Department of Psychology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Luz Fernández-Aguilar
- Department of Psychology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Laura Ros
- Department of Psychology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Jose Miguel Latorre
- Department of Psychology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
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Chiu CP, Griffith JW, Lenaert B, Raes F, Hermans D, Barry TJ. Meta-analysis of the association between rumination and reduced autobiographical memory specificity. Memory 2018; 26:1323-1334. [DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1474928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Connie P.Y. Chiu
- Experimental Psychopathology Lab, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - James W. Griffith
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bert Lenaert
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Filip Raes
- Centre for Learning Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Hermans
- Centre for Learning Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom J. Barry
- Experimental Psychopathology Lab, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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