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Quan Y, Zhao Y, Wang X, Xu Q. Higher final speed in 30-15 intermittent fitness tests correlates with soccer's locomotor demands, not heart rate responses in small-sided soccer games. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10970. [PMID: 38745037 PMCID: PMC11094125 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61468-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to achieve two objectives: firstly, to analyze the relationships between aerobic fitness, as represented by the VIFT, and the heart rate and locomotor responses of youth male soccer players across various teams; and secondly, to compare players with lower and higher VIFT in terms of performance outcomes extracted during small-sided games (SSGs). A total of twenty-six youth male soccer players, aged 16.5 ± 0.32 years, with 3.4 ± 1.1 years of experience, voluntarily participated in the study. These players belonged to two regional-level tier 2 teams (trained/developmental). In the initial week of observation, the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test was implemented to measure the final velocity (VIFT) achieved by the players. Subsequently, the 5v5 format of play was conducted twice a week over two consecutive weeks, during which heart rate responses and locomotor demands were measured. The Pearson product-moment correlation test revealed a significant correlation between VIFT and the total distance covered during the 5v5 format (r = 0.471 [95% CI: 0.093; 0.721], p = 0.015). Conversely, small and non-significant correlations were identified between VIFT and mean heart rate (r = 0.280 [95% CI: - 0.126; 0.598]; p = 0.166), VIFT and peak heart rate (r = 0.237 [95% CI: - 0.170; 0.569]; p = 0.243), as well as VIFT and high-speed running (r = 0.254 [95% CI: - 0.153; 0.580]; p = 0.211). Players with higher VIFT demonstrated a significantly greater total distance, with a large effect size (+ 6.64%; p = 0.015; d = 1.033), compared to those with lower VIFT. Our findings suggest that improved performance in VIFT may lead to covering more distance in 5v5 matches. However, the lack of significant associations between VIFT and heart rate levels during SSGs suggests that they are not strongly correlated, possibly because VIFT is more closely linked to locomotor profile. As a practical implication, coaches may consider organizing players during SSGs based on their VIFT if the goal is to standardize locomotor demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanXiu Quan
- College of Physical Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - YongXing Zhao
- College of Physical Education, Chizhou University, Chizhou, 247000, Anhui, China.
| | - XiaoShuang Wang
- College of Physical Education, Chizhou University, Chizhou, 247000, Anhui, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336, Gdańsk, Poland
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Xu Q, Silva RM, Qi K, Ma D, Li T, Clemente FM. Physiological and locomotor variations of 3v3 and 5v5 small-sided games soccer formats: A 4-month study on sedentary young adults. Sci Prog 2024; 107:368504231224606. [PMID: 38196181 PMCID: PMC10777774 DOI: 10.1177/00368504231224606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were twofold: (a) to analyze the variability of 3v3 and 5v5 small-sided games (SSG) formats in sedentary young adults, and (b) to compare the physiological and locomotor demands of 3v3 and 5v5 SSG formats while considering variations based on sex. The study followed a longitudinal design over 4 months. Thirty sedentary young adults with a mean age of 20.2 ± 1.0 years, height of 1.67 ± 0.06 m, and body mass of 86.3 ± 11.8 kg were included in the study. The participants engaged in 3v3 and 5v5 SSG formats, with each format being played 10 times per month. During each session, heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and total distance were measured and analyzed. The within-player variability for HR ranged from a minimum of 1.6% to a maximum of 2.8% (considering the levels at each month), while the between-players variability for HR ranged from a minimum of 1.4% to a maximum of 2.6% (considering the levels at each month). Similar variability patterns were observed for the other outcomes. In terms of comparisons between the formats, the 3v3 format resulted in higher RPE than the 5v5 format for both male (p = 0.006) and female (p = 0.628) participants, as well as for the other outcome measures. In summary, these findings highlight the reproducibility of physiological responses in 3v3 and 5v5 SSG among sedentary individuals. Notably, the 3v3 format consistently induced higher RPE levels. These findings underscore the importance of programming SSG based on sex and format preferences for optimizing exercise outcomes in sedentary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Engineering, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Rui Miguel Silva
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), Melgaço, Portugal
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares,
Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Kai Qi
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Engineering, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dong Ma
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Engineering, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - TingYu Li
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), Melgaço, Portugal
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Engineering, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), Melgaço, Portugal
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares,
Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, Lisboa, Portugal
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Robertson S, Duthie GM, Ball K, Spencer B, Serpiello FR, Haycraft J, Evans N, Billingham J, Aughey RJ. Challenges and considerations in determining the quality of electronic performance & tracking systems for team sports. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1266522. [PMID: 38173696 PMCID: PMC10761404 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1266522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Electronic performance & tracking systems (EPTS) are commonly used to track the location and velocity of athletes in many team sports. A range of associated applications using the derived data exist, such as assessment of athlete characteristics, informing training design, assisting match adjudication and providing fan insights for broadcast. Consequently the quality of such systems is of importance to a range of stakeholders. The influence of both systematic and methodological factors such as hardware, software settings, sample rate and filtering on this resulting quality is non-trivial. Highlighting these allows for the user to understand their strengths and limitations in various decision-making processes, as well as identify areas for research and development. In this paper, a number of challenges and considerations relating to the determination of EPTS validity for team sport are outlined and discussed. The aim of this paper is to draw attention of these factors to both researchers and practitioners looking to inform their decision-making in the EPTS area. Addressing some of the posited considerations in future work may represent best practice; others may require further investigation, have multiple potential solutions or currently be intractable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Robertson
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Grant Malcolm Duthie
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kevin Ball
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bartholomew Spencer
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Jade Haycraft
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicolas Evans
- Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johsan Billingham
- Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert James Aughey
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Rigon TA, Drezner R, Nogueira FF, Yousefian F, Travassos B, Dantas LEPBT. What to look for in setting sports training tasks for young players? Analysis of the numerical configuration of players and court size constraints on futsal small-sided games performance difficulty level and player participation. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2023.2199475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago André Rigon
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rene Drezner
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Farzad Yousefian
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Bruno Travassos
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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Teixeira JE, Forte P, Ferraz R, Branquinho L, Silva AJ, Monteiro AM, Barbosa TM. Integrating physical and tactical factors in football using positional data: a systematic review. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14381. [PMID: 36405022 PMCID: PMC9671036 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Positional data have been used to capture physical and tactical factors in football, however current research is now looking to apply spatiotemporal parameters from an integrative perspective. Thus, the aim of this article was to systematically review the published articles that integrate physical and tactical variables in football using positional data. Methods and Materials Following the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA), a systematic search of relevant English-language articles was performed from earliest record to August 2021. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the modified Downs and Black Quality Index (observational and cross-sectional studies) and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale (intervention studies). Results The literature search returned 982 articles (WoS = 495; PubMed = 232 and SportDiscus = 255). After screening, 26 full-text articles met the inclusion criteria and data extraction was conducted. All studies considered the integration of physical and tactical variables in football using positional data (n = 26). Other dimensions were also reported, such as psychophysiological and technical factors, however the results of these approaches were not the focus of the analysis (n = 5). Quasi-experimental approaches considered training sets (n = 20) and match contexts (n = 6). One study analysed both training and play insights. Small sided-games (SSG) were the most common training task formats in the reviewed studies, with only three articles addressing medium-sided (MSG) (n = 1) and large-sided games (LSG) (n = 2), respectively. Conclusions Among the current systematic review, the physical data can be integrated by player's movement speed. Positional datasets can be computed by spatial movement, complex indexes, playing areas, intra-team and inter-team dyads. Futures researches should consider applying positional data in women's football environments and explore the representativeness of the MSG and LSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Eduardo Teixeira
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal,Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal,Department of Sport Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Pedro Forte
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal,Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal,Department of Sports, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ferraz
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal,Sport Sciences Department, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luís Branquinho
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal,Department of Sports, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - António José Silva
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal,University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - António Miguel Monteiro
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal,Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Tiago M. Barbosa
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal,Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
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Applying Different Strategies of Task Constraint Manipulation in Small-Sided and Conditioned Games: How Do They Impact Physical and Tactical Demands? SENSORS 2022; 22:s22124435. [PMID: 35746216 PMCID: PMC9227788 DOI: 10.3390/s22124435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate how different strategies of task constraint manipulation impact physical and tactical demands in small-sided and conditioned games (SSCG). Ten recreational U-17 soccer players participated in this study (16.89 ± 0.11 years). We used different strategies of task manipulation to design two 4 vs. 4 SSCG: Structural SSCG and Functional SSCG. In Structural SSCG, pitch format and goal sizes were manipulated, while in Functional SSCG, players were allowed to kick the ball twice and at least 5 passes to shoot at the opponent’s goal. Players participated in four Structural and Functional SSCG, of five minutes duration with a two-minute interval in between. Players’ physical performance and tactical behavior were assessed using the WIMU PROTM inertial device. Structural SSCG stimulated players to cover more distance in sprinting (p = 0.003) and high-speed running (p < 0.001). Regarding tactical behavior, Structural SSCG stimulated players to explore game space better (p < 0.001). Moreover, Functional SSCG stimulated players to be closer to the ball, decreasing the effective playing space (p = 0.008). We conclude that these strategies of task constraint manipulation impact physical and tactical demands of the game.
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Travassos B, Monteiro R, Coutinho D, Yousefian F, Gonçalves B. How spatial constraints afford successful and unsuccessful penetrative passes in elite association football. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2022; 7:157-164. [PMID: 35352621 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2022.2060519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to examine the spatial relations between teams (macro-level) and groups of players (meso-level) that afford successful penetrative passes (off-ball advantage) in elite football. METHODS Three balanced home matches from a Premier League team with 91 ball possessions in which a pass was performed into the opposition defensive area and overpassed the first defensive line, promoting a perturbation of the defensive team equilibrium, were selected for analysis. The spatial relations between teams were measured through spatial variables that captured the areas occupied by the teams, while the spatial relations between players were measured through variables that captured the distances and angles between attacking and defending players near the ball. RESULTS Results revealed, at the macro-level, higher values of width ratio between teams and the width of the attacking team for unsuccessful penetrative passes (UPP), when compared to successful penetrative passes (SPP). At the meso-level, a general decrease in distances and an increase in angles between attacking and defending players were observed between successful to unsuccessful penetrative passes. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of using positional data analysis to identify teams' tactical profiles and to potentiate coaches' interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Travassos
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Department of Sport Sciences, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Monteiro
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Department of Sport Sciences, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Diogo Coutinho
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Department of Sports Sciences, Exercise and Health, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal
| | - Farzad Yousefian
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Department of Sport Sciences, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Bruno Gonçalves
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
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Pizarro D, Práxedes A, Travassos B, Gonçalves B, Moreno A. How Informational Constraints for Decision-Making on Passing, Dribbling and Shooting Change With the Manipulation of Small-Sided Games Changes in Futsal. Percept Mot Skills 2021; 128:1684-1711. [PMID: 34027714 DOI: 10.1177/00315125211016350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we explored how manipulating floaters' positions in small-sided futsal games (SSGs) promote changes in the informational constraints that support decision-making (DM) for passing, dribbling and shooting tactics. We made changes in four experimental 3 vs 3 small-sided game conditions with 30 male futsal players (U19 age category): (a) Floaters Off (FO), (b) Final Line Floaters (FLF), (c) Lateral Floaters own field sideline (LFofsl) and (d) Lateral Floaters full field sideline (LFffsl). We assessed players' activity with WIMU PRO™ software during the SSGs, using the Game Performance Evaluation Tool (GPET) to analyze a total of 1,635 decisions. DM for dribbling was generally based on the interpersonal distance between the ball carrier and direct opponent, considering the defensive team length and the offensive team area. Shooting decisions were constrained, by certain attacking-defending teams' spatial-temporal relations with regard to playing space and team balance as affected by manipulating floaters' positions. The coaches' decisions to change the floaters' positions during SSGs may change informational variables sustaining the dribbling decision, but no changes in SSG variables affected passing DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pizarro
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Nature, University of Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Práxedes
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Nature, University of Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruno Travassos
- Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Bruno Gonçalves
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal.,Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal.,Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Alberto Moreno
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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