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Forsse JS, Richardson KA, Torres R, Lowry C, Taylor JK, Beeson CL, Ward J, Dhillon A, Niceler B, Ismaeel A, Koutakis P. Exploring an Unknown Corner of a Well-Known Topic: HIIE Influence on Renal Health and Filtration in Healthy Individuals Free of Cardiometabolic Diseases. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:210. [PMID: 37999427 PMCID: PMC10675315 DOI: 10.3390/sports11110210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise, specifically high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), and its effects on renal health and filtration (RHF) are not well understood. Several studies support incorporating contemporary biomarkers serum cystatin C (CyC) and urine epidermal growth factor (uEGF) to combat the volatility of serum creatinine (sCr). Using these biomarkers, we examined the acute influences HIIE has on RHF to determine if there is a ceiling effect in healthy populations. The purpose was to determine the influence of an acute bout of HIIE on RHF. Thirty-six participants (n = 22 males; n = 14 females; age 37.6 ± 12.4 years.; BF% 19.2 ± 7.1%; VO2max 41.8 + 7.4 mL/kg/min) completed 30 min of HIIE on a treadmill (80% and 40% of VO2reserve in 3:2 min ratio). Blood and urine samples were obtained under standardized conditions before, 1 h, and 24 h post-exercise. CyC, sCR, uEGF, urine creatinine (uCr), uCr/uEGF ratio, and multiple estimates of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and CKD-EPI equations were used. The analysis employed paired sample t-tests and repeated measures ANOVAs. CyC, uEGF, uCr, and uCr/uEGF ratio concentrations were not altered between timepoints. sCr increased 1 h post-exercise (p > 0.002) but not at 24 h post-exercise. eGFR decreased in the MDRD and CKD-EPI equations at 1 h (p > 0.012) with no changes at 24 h post-exercise. CyC and sCr/CyC demonstrated no significant changes. CyC and uEGF are not altered by acute HIIE. The results demonstrate a potential ceiling effect in contemporary and traditional biomarkers of RHF, indicating improvements in RHF may be isolated to populations with reduced kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Forsse
- Integrated Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition, and Renal Vascular Research, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA; (K.A.R.); (R.T.); (C.L.); (C.L.B.); (J.W.); (A.D.); (B.N.)
| | - Kathleen A. Richardson
- Integrated Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition, and Renal Vascular Research, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA; (K.A.R.); (R.T.); (C.L.); (C.L.B.); (J.W.); (A.D.); (B.N.)
| | - Ricardo Torres
- Integrated Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition, and Renal Vascular Research, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA; (K.A.R.); (R.T.); (C.L.); (C.L.B.); (J.W.); (A.D.); (B.N.)
| | - Catherine Lowry
- Integrated Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition, and Renal Vascular Research, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA; (K.A.R.); (R.T.); (C.L.); (C.L.B.); (J.W.); (A.D.); (B.N.)
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80011, USA
| | - James Kyle Taylor
- Medical & Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Auburn University—Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36124, USA;
| | - Cassidy L. Beeson
- Integrated Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition, and Renal Vascular Research, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA; (K.A.R.); (R.T.); (C.L.); (C.L.B.); (J.W.); (A.D.); (B.N.)
| | - Jacob Ward
- Integrated Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition, and Renal Vascular Research, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA; (K.A.R.); (R.T.); (C.L.); (C.L.B.); (J.W.); (A.D.); (B.N.)
- Southern Illinois University Medical School, Lindegren Hall, 600 Agriculture Dr #132, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Anurag Dhillon
- Integrated Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition, and Renal Vascular Research, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA; (K.A.R.); (R.T.); (C.L.); (C.L.B.); (J.W.); (A.D.); (B.N.)
- Health Science Center, San Antonio Joe R and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Brock Niceler
- Integrated Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition, and Renal Vascular Research, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA; (K.A.R.); (R.T.); (C.L.); (C.L.B.); (J.W.); (A.D.); (B.N.)
- Waco Family Medicine, Waco, TX 76707, USA
| | - Ahmed Ismaeel
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, 780 Rose Street, MS508, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
- Clinical Muscle Biology Lab, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA;
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Torres RE, Heileson JL, Richardson KA, Chapman-Lopez TJ, Funderburk LK, Forsse JS. The Effectiveness of Utilizing HRV Indices as a Predictor of ACFT Performance Outcomes. Mil Med 2023; 188:e2096-e2101. [PMID: 36705446 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT) is a performance assessment used by the U.S. Army to assess a cadet's strength, endurance, and agility with a series of six events to ensure that cadets are combat ready. Heart rate variability (HRV) is an instrument that measures cardiac autonomic modulation and has been incorporated to predict the performance of athletes in daily training and competition since acute bouts of exercise alter HRV variables. PURPOSE To assess the applicability of using HRV to predict ACFT score performance outcomes in cadets. METHODS Fifty army cadets (n = 36 male; n = 14 female; age = 20.60 ± 3.61 years; height = 173.34 ± 10.39 cm; body mass = 76.33 ± 14.68 kg; body fat percentage = 17.58 ± 5.26%) completed the ACFT and reported for HRV assessment. HRV assessment had the participant lay supine for 5 minutes, and traditional time and frequency domain variables were assessed. A Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regressions were run. RESULTS HRV time and frequency domains were not significantly correlated in linear regression models except the stress index (SI) and the 2-mile run (2MR). The standing power throw and sprint drag carry were significantly correlated with traditional HRV variables. CONCLUSIONS HRV was not a predictor of ACFT performance for individual events or overall ACFT. The SI presented predictive properties only for 2MR, with no other significant correlations between HRV variables with standing power throw and sprint drag carry. The SI ability to predict 2MR performance outcome via HRV is a promising tool to assess army cadet performance and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo E Torres
- Integrated Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition, and Renal Vascular Research, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7313, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Heileson
- Integrated Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition, and Renal Vascular Research, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7313, USA
- Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Kathleen A Richardson
- Integrated Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition, and Renal Vascular Research, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7313, USA
| | - Tomas J Chapman-Lopez
- Integrated Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition, and Renal Vascular Research, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7313, USA
| | - LesLee K Funderburk
- Integrated Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition, and Renal Vascular Research, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7313, USA
- Human Sciences and Design, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Forsse
- Integrated Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition, and Renal Vascular Research, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7313, USA
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