1
|
Central Corneal Thickness of a Saudi Population in Relation to Age, Gender, Refractive Errors, and Corneal Curvature. Cureus 2022; 14:e30441. [PMID: 36407166 PMCID: PMC9671483 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between central corneal thickness (CCT) and age, gender, refractive errors, and corneal curvature in a Saudi population. Methodology In this randomized, hospital-based, retrospective study, data were collected from Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital and Imam Medical Center, Riyadh. A total of 1,005 eyes were included and recruited from patients referred to the refractive surgery clinic for Lasik assessment. The study included patients aged between 17 and 57 years with no history of any ocular pathology, eye surgeries, and systemic disease, as well as all groups with stable refractions. The identifying data were the age and gender of the patients, as well as their CCT, refraction, and corneal curvature. CCT and corneal curvature were measured by ultrasound pachymeter Pentacam. Results The distribution of CCT was 543.81 ± 34.47 μm. A significant difference in the mean CCT was observed across different refractive errors (p = 0.004). Patients with astigmatism had the lowest CCT, followed by myopic and hyperopic patients. An association between the spherical equivalent of patients with myopia and CCT (p = 0.001) was noted. Conclusions In the Saudi population, we found no significant association between mean corneal curvature and CCT in all three groups. Spherical equivalent in myopic patients was significantly associated with CCT. A significant difference in the mean CCT was observed across different refractive errors. There was a significant negative and weak correlation between age in myopic and astigmatism patients and CCT. Gender was significantly associated with CCT in patients with astigmatism.
Collapse
|
2
|
Corneal Biometric Parameters and Refractive Properties in Microcornea With Normal Axial Length. Cornea 2022; 41:1074-1079. [PMID: 34690270 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000002895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the features of and relationships among corneal diameter, central corneal thickness (CCT), endothelial cell density (ECD), and corneal refractive properties in cases of microcornea (MC) with normal axial length. METHODS We included 22 patients (35 eyes) with MC and cataracts and 41 patients (48 eyes) with isolated cataracts as age-matched controls. They were divided into patients with MC younger than 18 years (MC-child), patients with MC 18 years or older (MC-adult), children with congenital cataracts (CCs), and adults with senile cataracts (SCs). Corneal diameter, axial and anterior chamber length, and keratometry were measured; central corneal endothelial cell imaging was performed. RESULTS The mean horizontal corneal diameter was 7.71 ± 1.51 and 8.78 ± 0.52 mm in MC-child and MC-adult groups, respectively, and 11.89 ± 0.59 and 11.52 ± 2.42 mm in child and adult controls, respectively. The mean CCT was 641.26 ± 63.37 (MC-child) and 617.38 ± 45.40 mm (MC-adult), and 554.92 ± 34.64 (CC) and 551.58 ± 28.47 mm (SC). The mean ECD was 2898.47 ± 443.90 (MC-child) and 2825.81 ± 484.65 cells/mm 2 (MC-adult), and 3155.13 ± 372.67 (CC) and 2749.33 ± 399.63 cells/mm 2 (SC). The average keratometry was 44.22 ± 3.14 D (MC-child) and 43.86 ± 2.59 D (MC-adult), and 44.19 ± 1.44 D (CC) and 43.94 ± 1.34 D (SC). CONCLUSIONS Patients with MC and normal axial length possess specific parameters, including significantly smaller corneal diameter and thicker CCT than the patients in the control groups. There were no significant differences in ECD and average keratometry. These parameters should be taken into account in the follow-up and treatment.
Collapse
|
3
|
Central corneal thickness and its relationship to ocular parameters in young adult myopic eyes. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 100:250-254. [PMID: 27757993 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
4
|
Central corneal thickness: Important considerate in ophthalmic clinic. JOURNAL OF MAHATMA GANDHI INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jmgims.jmgims_18_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
5
|
Distribution and Trends in Corneal Thickness Parameters in a Large Population-Based Multicenter Study of Young Chinese Adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 59:3366-3374. [PMID: 30025097 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
6
|
Diurnal variations in intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness and the correlation between these factors in dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 2017; 21:464-470. [PMID: 29232036 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the diurnal variation in intraocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness (CCT) in healthy Beagles by rebound tonometry and ultrasonic pachymetry, respectively, in addition to determining whether a correlation exists between these two variables. ANIMALS STUDIED Twenty eyes from 10 healthy Beagle dogs were included in the study. PROCEDURES The IOP and CCT were measured by rebound tonometry and ultrasonic pachymetry, respectively, at 2-h intervals over an 8-hour period between 10:00 and 18:00. RESULTS The mean values (± SD) of IOP obtained were 11.45 ± 2.96 at 10:00, 10.00 ± 1.89 at 12:00, 8.25 ± 1.62 at 14:00, 7.05 ± 1.05 at 16:00, and 6.55 ± 1.36 at 18:00. The mean values (± SD) of CCT obtained were 554.95 ± 72.41 at 10:00, 549.20 ± 69.10 at 12:00, 566.15 ± 80.56 at 14:00, 545.45 ± 70.19 at 16:00, and 538.30 ± 73.33 at 18:00. The IOP and CCT of dogs were found to decrease progressively from the first to the last measurement. There were statistically significant differences between the IOP (P = 0.000) and CCT values (P = 0.032) measured at different times of the day. There was no effect or interaction between gender and eye with the dependent variables. The IOP and CCT were found to be positively correlated (r = 0.213, P = 0.034). The regression equation demonstrated that for every 100 μm increase in CCT, there was an elevation in IOP by 0.8 mmHg. CONCLUSIONS The CCT and IOP values were lower in the afternoon/evening than in the morning, and these were positively correlated. Both findings are important for the diagnostic interpretation of IOP values in dogs.
Collapse
|
7
|
Distribution of intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness and vertical cup-to-disc ratio in a healthy Iranian population: the Yazd Eye Study. Acta Ophthalmol 2017; 95:e144-e151. [PMID: 27778447 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT) and vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR) in the healthy Iranian population. METHODS This population-based, epidemiologic study evaluated Iranian aged 40-80 years, residing in Yazd, Iran, in 2010-2011. Eligible subjects were selected by cluster random sampling. Each participant underwent an interview and ophthalmologic examination including slit lamp examination, Goldmann applanation tonometry, binocular optic disc evaluation, stereoscopic fundus photography, ultrasonic pachymetry and visual field testing. RESULTS Of 2320 eligible individuals, 2098 subjects (response rate of 90.4%) participated in the study. One eye from 1159 subjects (total of 2262 normal eyes) were randomly selected for the purpose of the study. Mean age was 53.1 ± 9.6 years. Mean IOP, CCT and VCDR were 14.2 ± 2.5 mmHg, 543 ± 37 μm and 0.32 ± 0.14, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant correlation between IOP and age (regression coefficient = 0.02 per year, p = 0.015), CCT (regression coefficient = 0.02 per micron, p < 0.001), Spherical equivalent (regression coefficient = -0.15 per dioptre, p = 0.0.024) and smoking (regression coefficient = 0.89 higher for smokers, p = 0.009); it also showed a significant correlation between CCT with spherical equivalent (regression coefficient = 3.6 per dioptre, p = 0.002) and IOP (regression coefficient = 3.6 per mmHG, p < 0.001). There was no significant correlation with VCDR. CONCLUSIONS Mean IOP, CCT and VCDR were 14.2 ± 2.5 mmHg, 543 ± 35 μm and 0.32 ± 0.14, respectively, in healthy Iranians that is different from other ethnicities. It seems advisable to pay attention to ethnicity for interpretation of each person's variables.
Collapse
|
8
|
Central corneal thickness of Iraqi population in relation to age, gender, refractive errors, and corneal curvature: a hospital-based cross-sectional study. Clin Ophthalmol 2016; 10:2369-2376. [PMID: 27932859 PMCID: PMC5135410 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s116743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central corneal thickness (CCT) is an important indicator of corneal status. Its measurement provides valid information about corneal physiological condition and possible changes associated with diseases, traumas, and hypoxia. It is an integral part for interpretation of intraocular pressure and glaucoma patient management and in prerefractive procedure assessment. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to determine the mean CCT among a normal Iraqi population and to correlate between CCT and age, gender, refraction, and corneal curvature. PATIENTS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out at Ibn Al-Haitham Teaching Eye Hospital. A total of 418 eyes from 209 healthy individuals with an age range from 20 to 75 years were studied. CCT was measured by ultrasound pachymeter. Refraction was measured using an auto-refractor and confirmed by trial lenses and retinoscopy to calculate the spherical equivalent. Corneal curvature was measured using an auto-refracto-keratometer to calculate the average corneal curvature (AVK). RESULTS The mean CCT was 543.95±32.58 μm with a range from 422 to 636 μm. CCT was not affected by gender. CCT significantly negatively correlated with age and AVK. CCT significantly positively correlated with the spherical equivalence. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Among an Iraqi population, CCT significantly decreased with age. Myopics had significantly thinner corneas. There was weak but significant negative correlation between CCT and corneal curvature. We recommend further studies about the relationship between central corneal thickness and other ocular parameters in Iraqi population such as the axial length.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to determine the central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements in patients with Sleep Apnea Syndrome (SAS) and the relationship between the severity of SAS and minimal arterial oxygen saturation (min. SpO2) with respect to CCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred and fourteen eyes of 107 patients (58 males, 49 females) who were diagnosed as SAS and 80 eyes of 40 healthy subjects (20 males, 20 females) were included in the study. The SAS patients were divided into subgroups according to their Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) values as: AHI values between 5 and 15 as subgroup 1, between 15 and 30 as subgroup 2, and the values ≥30 as subgroup 3. The CCT was measured by an ultrasonic pachymetric system. Statistical analyses were an analysis of variance test and, for post-hoc analysis, the Dunnett C test. RESULTS Mean age was 52.5 ± 10.96 years in the study group, and 40.7 ± 10.14 years in the control group. There were 58 (54.2%) males and 49 (45.8%) females in the study group, and 20 (50%) males and 20 (50%) females in the control group. Mean CCT values were 526.65 ± 25.06, 525.26 ± 29.25, 512.93 ± 43.20 and 539.90 ± 17.28 in subgroup 1, subgroup 2, subgroup 3 and the control group, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between gender and age groups with respect to CCT (p > 0.05). When the mean CCT values of each subgroups were compared with the control group, the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between CCT and AHI values and a positive correlation between CCT and min. SpO2 values. CONCLUSIONS CCT measurements differ significantly in patients with SAS compared with healthy control subjects. It should be taken into consideration that SAS may reduce CCT over time and that CCT should be measured in each ophthalmic examination.
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe intraocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness (CCT) in ethnically diverse, myopic young adults enrolled in COMET (the Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial) and their association with ocular and demographic factors. METHODS IOP (Goldmann tonometry), CCT (handheld pachymetry), refractive error (cycloplegic autorefraction), and ocular components (A-scan ultrasonography) were measured in 385 of the original 469 subjects (mean age = 20.3 ± 1.3 years). Summary statistics for descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, and linear regression models to formally test the association of IOP and CCT with other covariates were used. RESULTS Mean IOP was 15.1 ± 0.1 mm Hg and differed by ethnicity and CCT but did not vary by gender, magnitude of myopia, or vitreous chamber depth (VCD). Adjusting for CCT, IOP in black participants was 1.8 mm Hg higher than in Hispanics (p = 0.0001) and 0.8 mm Hg higher than in whites (p = 0.03). Mean CCT was 562.4 ± 1.8 μm and differed by ethnicity, VCD, and IOP after adjusting for covariates. Blacks had thinner corneas than Asians, whites, and Hispanics, with adjusted differences of 15.4, 11.8, and 15.3 μm (p = 0.03, < 0.01 and < 0.01), respectively. Eyes with shorter VCD (<17.8 mm) had 8.0-μm thinner CCT (p = 0.03). CCT did not vary by gender or magnitude of myopia. Overall, a modest positive correlation (r = 0.25, P < 0.0001) was found between IOP and CCT, which varied by ethnicity in Asians (r = 0.47; p = 0.008), blacks (r = 0.29; p = 0.002), and whites (r = 0.24; p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Myopic, black young adults had higher IOP and thinner corneas relative to other ethnic groups, suggesting that evaluation of these parameters during routine examination of these individuals should begin at a young age. Their thinner CCT should also be considered in evaluations for refractive surgery.
Collapse
|
11
|
Investigation of the human anterior segment in normal Chinese subjects using a dual Scheimpflug analyzer. Ophthalmology 2012; 120:703-8. [PMID: 23260258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate anterior segment parameters in normal Chinese subjects and study factors influencing these parameters, such as age, gender, and laterality. DESIGN A prospective observational case series. PARTICIPANTS A total of 291 normal subjects (582 eyes) were included. METHODS The anterior segment data were determined with a dual Scheimpflug analyzer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The corneal thinnest-point thickness (CTPT), corneal thinnest-point distribution (CTPD), central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal thickness (CT) in the central 10 mm diameter, pupil diameter (PD), pupil center distribution (PCD), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and anterior chamber volume (ACV, 8-mm diameter) were measured. RESULTS The mean distance between the thinnest point and the corneal vertex was 0.70 ± 0.32 mm in the right eyes and 0.42 ± 0.25 mm in the left eyes; the thinnest point was located in the inferior temporal region in 71.1% of the right eyes and 55% of the left eyes. The CCT values were thicker than the CTPT values, and they were positively correlated (right eyes r = 0.994, P<0.001; left eyes r = 0.997, P<0.001). The distance between the pupillary center and the corneal vertex was approximately 0.39 ± 0.27 mm in the right eyes and 0.37 ± 0.24 mm in the left eyes. Furthermore, the percentage of pupillary centers located in the superior regions was 72.2% in the right eyes and 73.5% in the left eyes. Age was negatively correlated with the peripheral CT (7-10 mm diameter), PD, ACD, and ACV of both eyes and the mid-peripheral CT (4-7 mm diameter) of the right eye. Laterality correlated with CTPT (P<0.001) and PD (P<0.001), whereas gender correlated with ACD (P<0.001) and ACV (P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS The majority of the thinnest corneal points were located in the inferior temporal quadrant, and the pupillary center was located in the superior region of the cornea; both differed substantially from the corneal vertex. The CT increased gradually from the center to the periphery. Age, gender, and laterality correlated with some indexes.
Collapse
|
12
|
Corneal Endothelial Characteristics and Central Corneal Thickness in a Population of Turkish Cataract Patients. Eye Contact Lens 2012; 38:142-5. [DOI: 10.1097/icl.0b013e318243e7d2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
13
|
Age, gender, corneal diameter, corneal curvature and central corneal thickness in Nigerians with normal intra ocular pressure. JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY 2012; 5:87-97. [PMCID: PMC3861109 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the relationship between age, gender, corneal diameter, central corneal curvature, central corneal thickness (CCT) and intraocular pressure in Nigerians with normal intraocular pressure. Methods One hundred and thirty eyes from 130 subjects (mean age = 47.8 ± 16.8 years) including 77 males and 53 females were recruited. CCT was measured by ultrasound pachymetry, intraocular pressure was determined by non-contact tonometry, horizontal and vertical corneal diameters were measured with a ruler and central corneal curvature was measured by keratometry. Results The mean values obtained were as follows: CCT = 548.97 ± 34.28 μm, IOP = 15.61 ± 2.69 mmHg, average corneal curvature (AVK) = 42.98 ± 1.19 D, horizontal corneal diameter (HVID) = 11.39 ± 0.69 mm and vertical corneal diameter (VVID) = 10.51 ± 0.50 mm. There was a significant effect of age on CCT (r = −0.35, p < 0.001). A 10-year-increase in age was associated with a 7.0 μm decrease in CCT. Males had significantly wider HVID than females (p = 0.03). Subjects in older age groups have narrower HVID and VVID. Corneal curvature, corneal diameter and gender did not significantly affect CCT. Conclusion CCT of normotensive Nigerian adults decreases with increasing age. There was no correlation between CCT and IOP in normotensive subjects. CCT was not significantly influenced by gender, corneal curvature and corneal diameter.
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the distribution of central and peripheral corneal thickness values and its determinants in an Iranian population. METHODS This population-based study was conducted between 2009 and 2010 in Shahroud, with a response rate of 82.2%. Here in, we present the data on central and peripheral corneal thickness in 3890 participants of the study, which included all 40- to 64-year-old participants except those with a history of ocular surgery. Measurements were done with the Pentacam, and correlations with age, gender, height, body mass index, and refraction were tested. RESULTS The mean age (± standard deviation) of the participants was 50.7 years (± 6.2 years). Mean corneal thickness in the thinnest point, the center, and 3 mm away from it in the inferior, superior, nasal, and temporal directions were 525.5 ± 35.9 μm, 528.5 ± 35.8 μm, 608.2 ± 39.8 μm, 635.5 ± 41.9 μm, 611.7 ± 43.2 μm, and 601.0 ± 40.4 μm, respectively. The thinnest point was in the inferotemporal quadrant in 87.5% of cases. The center of the cornea was thinner than 500 μm in 36.6% of myopic cases and 21.8% of hyperopic cases. The thickness and location difference between the center and thinnest point were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Central corneal thickness was directly correlated with refraction (P = 0.028) and inversely with age (P = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS In this population-based study, the thinnest point was usually located inferotemporally and the thickest point superiorly. The peripheral cornea was significantly thicker than the central cornea but thinned faster with age. The thickness difference between the thinnest and central points was significantly greater in men. People with hyperopia had thicker corneas compared with those with myopia.
Collapse
|
15
|
[Central corneal thickness in a healthy Spanish population]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 86:73-6. [PMID: 21511100 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2010.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the central corneal thickness of a Spanish population group and determine the influence of age, gender, axial length and refractive error on central corneal thickness (CCT) values. METHODS An observational, cross-sectional, double masked study was conducted on 357 eyes of consecutive Caucasian patients without ophthalmic disease. They were distributed according to age, and high refractive defects were excluded. Ultrasonic pachymetry and a complete eye examination were performed on all patients. The relationship between the central corneal thickness values and variables of age, refractive error, axial length and gender was assessed. RESULTS The mean central corneal thickness was 548.21 μm with a standard deviation (SD) of 30.7 μm (range 464 to 633 μm). The normal central corneal thickness value of the population studied was 486.81 to 609.61 μm (95% confidence interval). No statistical association was found between central corneal thickness values and variables of age, refractive error, axial length and gender. CONCLUSIONS Central corneal thickness varies according to race. We have analysed, for the first time, normal central corneal thickness values of a healthy Spanish population.
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
|