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Watkinson RL, Looi K, Laing IA, Cianferoni A, Kicic A. Viral Induced Effects on a Vulnerable Epithelium; Lessons Learned From Paediatric Asthma and Eosinophilic Oesophagitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:773600. [PMID: 34912343 PMCID: PMC8666438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.773600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelium is integral to the protection of many different biological systems and for the maintenance of biochemical homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that particular children have epithelial vulnerabilities leading to dysregulated barrier function and integrity, that resultantly contributes to disease pathogenesis. These epithelial vulnerabilities likely develop in utero or in early life due to various genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Although various epithelia are uniquely structured with specific function, prevalent allergic-type epithelial diseases in children potentially have common or parallel disease processes. These include inflammation and immune response dysregulation stemming from atypical epithelial barrier function and integrity. Two diseases where aetiology and pathogenesis are potentially linked to epithelial vulnerabilities include Paediatric Asthma and Eosinophilic Oesophagitis (EoE). For example, rhinovirus C (RV-C) is a known risk factor for paediatric asthma development and is known to disrupt respiratory epithelial barrier function causing acute inflammation. In addition, EoE, a prevalent atopic condition of the oesophageal epithelium, is characterised by similar innate immune and epithelial responses to viral injury. This review examines the current literature and identifies the gaps in the field defining viral-induced effects on a vulnerable respiratory epithelium and resulting chronic inflammation, drawing from knowledge generated in acute wheezing illness, paediatric asthma and EoE. Besides highlighting the importance of epithelial structure and barrier function in allergic disease pathogenesis regardless of specific epithelial sub-types, this review focuses on the importance of examining other parallel allergic-type disease processes that may uncover commonalities driving disease pathogenesis. This in turn may be beneficial in the development of common therapeutics for current clinical management and disease prevention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Watkinson
- Division of Paediatrics, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kevin Looi
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Ingrid A Laing
- Division of Paediatrics, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Antonella Cianferoni
- Pediatrics Department, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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Dai X, Bui DS, Lodge C. Glutathione S-Transferase Gene Associations and Gene-Environment Interactions for Asthma. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2021; 21:31. [PMID: 33970355 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-021-01005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Asthma is one of the most common chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Airway oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between oxidative and antioxidative processes in the airways. There is evidence that chronic damage caused by oxidative stress may be involved in asthmatic inflammation and reduced lung function. Given their biological antioxidant function, the antioxidant genes in the glutathione S-transferase (GST) family are believed to be associated with development and progression of asthma. This review aims to summarize evidence on the relationship between GST gene polymorphisms and asthma and interactions with environmental exposures. RECENT FINDINGS The current evidence on the association between GST genes and asthma is still weak or inconsistent. Failure to account for environmental exposures may explain the lack of consistency. It is highly likely that environmental exposures interact with GST genes involved in the antioxidant pathway. According to current knowledge, carriers of GSTM1(rs366631)/T1(rs17856199) null genotypes and GSTP1 Val105 (rs1695) genotypes are more susceptible to environmental oxidative exposures and have a higher risk of asthma. Some doubt remains regarding the presence or absence of interactions with different environmental exposures in different study scenarios. The GST-environment interaction may depend on exposure type, asthma phenotype or endotype, ethnics, and other complex gene-gene interaction. Future studies could be improved by defining precise asthma endotypes, involving multiple gene-gene interactions, and increasing sample size and power. Although there is evidence for an interaction between GST genes, and environmental exposures in relation to asthma, results are not concordant. Further investigations are needed to explore the reasons behind the inconsistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dai
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Level 3 207 Bouverie Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Dinh S Bui
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Level 3 207 Bouverie Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Caroline Lodge
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Level 3 207 Bouverie Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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Dai X, Dharmage SC, Bowatte G, Waidyatillake NT, Perret JL, Hui J, Erbas B, Abramson MJ, Lowe AJ, Burgess JA, Svanes C, Lodge CJ. Interaction of Glutathione S-Transferase M1, T1, and P1 Genes With Early Life Tobacco Smoke Exposure on Lung Function in Adolescents. Chest 2019; 155:94-102. [PMID: 30616740 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.08.1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes are involved in the management of oxidative stress in the lungs. We aimed to determine whether they modify the associations between early life smoke exposure and adverse lung health outcomes. METHODS The Melbourne Atopy Cohort study (a high-risk birth cohort) enrolled 620 children and followed them prospectively from birth. We recorded perinatal tobacco smoke exposure, asthma, and lung function at 12 (59%) and 18 years (66%) and genotyped for GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 (69%). RESULTS GST genotypes were found to interact with tobacco smoke exposure on lung function outcomes (P interaction ≤ .05). Only among children with GSTT1 null genotypes was exposure to mother's, father's, or parental tobacco smoke in early life associated with an increased risk of reductions in prebronchodilator (BD) FEV1 and FVC at both 12 and 18 years. These associations were not seen in children with GSTT1 present. Similarly, only among children with GSTM1 null genotypes was exposure to father's or parental smoking associated with reductions in pre- and post-BD FEV1 and FVC at 18 years. Only among children with Ile/Ile genotypes of GSTP1 was exposure to mother's smoking associated with increased risk of reduced FEV1 at 18 years, but this was not the case among children with Val/Val or Ile/Val genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence of interaction between early tobacco smoke exposure and GST genotypes on lung function. Carriers of GST null mutations and GSTP1 Ile/Ile alleles may be more susceptible when exposed to tobacco smoke in early life. These findings support stronger recommendations to protect all infants from tobacco smoke exposure. TRIAL REGISTRY Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry; No.: ACTRN12609000734268; URL: http://www.anzctr.org.au/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dai
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Gayan Bowatte
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Nilakshi T Waidyatillake
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Perret
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennie Hui
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine of West Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Population and Global Health and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, WA, Australia; Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, WA, Australia
| | - Bircan Erbas
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Michael J Abramson
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adrian J Lowe
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John A Burgess
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Caroline J Lodge
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Hamzah IH, Shafi FAA, Al Sharqi SAH, Brakhas SA. Cytology and molecular study for GSTP1 effect on asthma Iraqi patients. Clin Mol Allergy 2019; 17:4. [PMID: 30872977 PMCID: PMC6399971 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-019-0108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background GST belongs to a super family of phase II detoxification enzyme and it plays an important role in preventing the damage that may occur due to reactive water-soluble compounds generated by the association of reactive intermediates with glutathione. Method In the present study, we analyzed the frequencies of GSTP1 polymorphism among the Iraqi population using PCR–RFLP technique. Fifty samples from bronchial asthma patients and fifty samples from control cases were subjected to conventional PCR and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) to detect GSTP1 genotype and measured different parameters together such as IgE, eosinophilic count, WBC, and so forth. Some of the cases were made to undergo sequence analysis and enrolled in NCBI GenBank with accession number (MG657249–MG657258). The GSTP1 polymorphism was determined using PCR and the resultant 176-bp fragment was subjected to RFLP and digested with BsamA1 to recognize the A–G transition at nucleotide. Results Homozygotes for Ile105 encoding allele resulted in 176-bp fragment found in 62% andVal105 encoding allele had two fragments of 91 and 85 bp in PCR was found in 4% of asthmatic patients. On the other hand, heterozygotes resulted in three fragments of 176, 91 and 85 bp seen in 34% of patients. Conclusion To the best of the researcher’s knowledge, this is the first-of-its-kind report with regards to the role played by GSTP1 polymorphism in bronchial asthma among the Iraqi patients. Though the study outcomes do not support the large role played by GSTP1 gene polymorphism in the evolution of bronchial asthma disorder, future researchers are suggested to investigate more features for many promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa Hussein Hamzah
- 1Biology Department, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Farha A Ali Shafi
- 1Biology Department, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Sahar A H Al Sharqi
- 1Biology Department, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Dai X, Bowatte G, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, Gurrin LC, Burgess JA, Dharmage SC, Lodge CJ. Do Glutathione S-Transferase Genes Modify the Link between Indoor Air Pollution and Asthma, Allergies, and Lung Function? A Systematic Review. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2018; 18:20. [PMID: 29557517 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-018-0771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes are involved in oxidative stress management and may modify the impact of indoor air pollution. We aimed to assess the influence of GST genes on the relationship between indoor air pollution and allergy/lung function. RECENT FINDINGS Our systematic review identified 22 eligible studies, with 15 supporting a gene-environment interaction. Carriers of GSTM1/T1 null and GSTP1 val genotypes were more susceptible to indoor air pollution exposures, having a higher risk of asthma and lung function deficits. However, findings differed in terms of risk alleles and specific exposures. High-exposure heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis. We found evidence that respiratory effects of indoor air pollution depend on the individual's GST profile. This may help explain the inconsistent associations found when gene-environment interactions are not considered. Future studies should aim to improve the accuracy of pollution assessment and investigate this finding in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dai
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 3 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Gayan Bowatte
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 3 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Adrian J Lowe
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 3 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, 3010, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melanie C Matheson
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 3 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Lyle C Gurrin
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 3 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - John A Burgess
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 3 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 3 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, 3010, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caroline J Lodge
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 3 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, 3010, Australia. .,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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Sánchez-Gómez FJ, Díez-Dacal B, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG, Pajares MA, Pérez-Sala D. Detoxifying Enzymes at the Cross-Roads of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Drug Hypersensitivity: Role of Glutathione Transferase P1-1 and Aldose Reductase. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:237. [PMID: 27540362 PMCID: PMC4973429 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phase I and II enzymes are involved in the metabolism of endogenous reactive compounds as well as xenobiotics, including toxicants and drugs. Genotyping studies have established several drug metabolizing enzymes as markers for risk of drug hypersensitivity. However, other candidates are emerging that are involved in drug metabolism but also in the generation of danger or costimulatory signals. Enzymes such as aldo-keto reductases (AKR) and glutathione transferases (GST) metabolize prostaglandins and reactive aldehydes with proinflammatory activity, as well as drugs and/or their reactive metabolites. In addition, their metabolic activity can have important consequences for the cellular redox status, and impacts the inflammatory response as well as the balance of inflammatory mediators, which can modulate epigenetic factors and cooperate or interfere with drug-adduct formation. These enzymes are, in turn, targets for covalent modification and regulation by oxidative stress, inflammatory mediators, and drugs. Therefore, they constitute a platform for a complex set of interactions involving drug metabolism, protein haptenation, modulation of the inflammatory response, and/or generation of danger signals with implications in drug hypersensitivity reactions. Moreover, increasing evidence supports their involvement in allergic processes. Here, we will focus on GSTP1-1 and aldose reductase (AKR1B1) and provide a perspective for their involvement in drug hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Sánchez-Gómez
- Department of Chemical and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Díez-Dacal
- Department of Chemical and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José A G Agúndez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Extremadura Cáceres, Spain
| | - María A Pajares
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), and Grupo de Hepatología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ) Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Pérez-Sala
- Department of Chemical and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, Spain
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Lee SY, Kim BS, Kwon SO, Oh SY, Shin HL, Jung YH, Lee E, Yang SI, Kim HY, Seo JH, Kim HB, Kwon JW, Lee HR, Hong SJ. Modification of additive effect between vitamins and ETS on childhood asthma risk according to GSTP1 polymorphism: a cross -sectional study. BMC Pulm Med 2015; 15:125. [PMID: 26490046 PMCID: PMC4618939 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-015-0093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation, and bronchial airways are particularly susceptible to oxidant-induced tissue damage. Objective To investigate the effect of dietary antioxidant intake and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on the risk of childhood asthma according to genotypes susceptible to airway diseases. Methods This cross-sectional study included 1124 elementary school children aged 7–12 years old. Asthma symptoms and smoking history were measured using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. Intake of vitamin A (including retinol and β-carotene), C, and E was measured by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). GSTP1 polymorphisms were genotyped from peripheral blood samples. Results ETS was significantly associated with presence of asthma symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.48; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.29–4.76) and diagnosis (aOR, 1.91; 95 % CI, 1.19–3.06). Dietary antioxidant intake was not associated with asthma symptoms, although ETS plus low vitamin A intake showed a significant positive association with asthma diagnosis (aOR, 2.23; 95 % CI, 1.10–4.54). Children with AA at nucleotide 1695 in GSTP1 who had been exposed to ETS and a low vitamin A intake have an increased risk of asthma diagnosis (aOR, 4.44; 95 % CI,1.58–12.52) compared with children who had not been exposed to the two risk factors. However, ETS exposure and low vitamin A intake did not significantly increase odds of asthma diagnosis in children with AG or GG genotypes. Conclusion Low vitamin A intake and ETS exposure may increase oxidative stress and thereby risk for childhood asthma. These relationships may be modified by gene susceptibility alleles of GSTP1. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12890-015-0093-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 39, Gwanpyeong-ro 138 beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Gyeonggido, 431-828, South Korea.
| | - Bong-Seong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, South Korea.
| | - Sung-Ok Kwon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Se-Young Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hye Lim Shin
- Research Center for Standardization of Allergic Diseases, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Young-Ho Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Yatap-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggido, 463-712, South Korea.
| | - Eun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, South Korea.
| | - Song-I Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 39, Gwanpyeong-ro 138 beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Gyeonggido, 431-828, South Korea.
| | - Hyung Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, South Korea.
| | - Ju-Hee Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hyo-Bin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Ji-Won Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
| | - Hae-Ran Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 39, Gwanpyeong-ro 138 beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Gyeonggido, 431-828, South Korea.
| | - Soo-Jong Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, South Korea.
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Early origins of chronic obstructive lung diseases across the life course. Eur J Epidemiol 2014; 29:871-85. [PMID: 25537319 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-014-9981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive lung diseases, like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, have high prevalences and are a major public health concern. Chronic obstructive lung diseases have at least part of their origins in early life. Exposure to an adverse environment during critical periods in early life might lead to permanent developmental adaptations which results in impaired lung growth with smaller airways and lower lung volume, altered immunological responses and related inflammation, and subsequently to increased risks of chronic obstructive lung diseases throughout the life course. Various pathways leading from early life factors to respiratory health outcomes in later life have been studied, including fetal and early infant growth patterns, preterm birth, maternal obesity, diet and smoking, children's diet, allergen exposure and respiratory tract infections, and genetic susceptibility. Data on potential adverse factors in the embryonic and preconception period and respiratory health outcomes are scarce. Also, the underlying mechanisms how specific adverse exposures in the fetal and early postnatal period lead to chronic obstructive lung diseases in later life are not yet fully understood. Current studies suggest that interactions between early environmental exposures and genetic factors such as changes in DNA-methylation and RNA expression patterns may explain the early development of chronic obstructive lung diseases. New well-designed epidemiological studies are needed to identify specific critical periods and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the development of chronic obstructive lung disease throughout the life course.
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Abstract
Traffic and power generation are the main sources of urban air pollution. The idea that outdoor air pollution can cause exacerbations of pre-existing asthma is supported by an evidence base that has been accumulating for several decades, with several studies suggesting a contribution to new-onset asthma as well. In this Series paper, we discuss the effects of particulate matter (PM), gaseous pollutants (ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulphur dioxide), and mixed traffic-related air pollution. We focus on clinical studies, both epidemiological and experimental, published in the previous 5 years. From a mechanistic perspective, air pollutants probably cause oxidative injury to the airways, leading to inflammation, remodelling, and increased risk of sensitisation. Although several pollutants have been linked to new-onset asthma, the strength of the evidence is variable. We also discuss clinical implications, policy issues, and research gaps relevant to air pollution and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Guarnieri
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John R Balmes
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Zhang G, Skorokhod OA, Khoo SK, Aguilar R, Wiertsema S, Nhabomba AJ, Marrocco T, McNamara-Smith M, Manaca MN, Barbosa A, Quintó L, Hayden CM, Goldblatt J, Guinovart C, Alonso PL, Dobaño C, Schwarzer E, LeSouëf PN. Plasma advanced oxidative protein products are associated with anti-oxidative stress pathway genes and malaria in a longitudinal cohort. Malar J 2014; 13:134. [PMID: 24693973 PMCID: PMC4230024 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) are newly identified efficient oxidative stress biomarkers. In a longitudinal birth cohort the effects were investigated of genetic polymorphisms in five oxidative pathway genes on AOPP levels. Methods This study is part of a three-arm randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Three hundred and twelve children were included in the present study with AOPP levels measured at 2.5, 5.5, 10.5, 15 and 24 months of age. Twelve polymorphisms were genotyped in five oxidative stress pathway genes: glutathione reductase (GSR), glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCLC), glutathione S-transferase (GST) P1, haem oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in 298 children. There were 284 children assessed for anaemia and clinical malaria infection at the age of 24 months. Results Two principal components (PCA1 and PCA2) were derived from the AOPP levels measured at the five time points. PCA1 was significantly associated with anaemia (p = 0.0002), and PCA2 with clinical malaria infection (p = 0.047). In the K-Means Cluster Analysis based on levels of AOPP, children were clustered into two groups: Group A (lower AOPP levels) and Group B (higher AOPP levels). The cluster membership was significantly associated with anaemia (p =0.003) as well as with the GSR RS3594 polymorphism (p = 0.037). Mixed linear regression analyses found that the single nucleotide polymorphisms GCLC RS10948751 and HMOX1 RS17885925 were significantly associated with AOPP levels (p = 0.030 and p = 0.027, respectively). Conclusion Plasma AOPP levels were predictive for anaemia and oxidative stress markers for clinical malaria infection in two year old children. Several polymorphisms in GCLC, GSR and HMOX1 genes were associated with oxidative stress status of these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guicheng Zhang
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, c/o 100 Roberts Rd, Subiaco, WA 6008 Perth, Australia.
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de Jong K, Boezen HM, Hacken NHTT, Postma DS, Vonk JM. GST-omega genes interact with environmental tobacco smoke on adult level of lung function. Respir Res 2013; 14:83. [PMID: 23937118 PMCID: PMC3751364 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung growth in utero and lung function loss during adulthood can be affected by exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). The underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Both ETS exposure and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) Omega genes have been associated with the level of lung function. This study aimed to assess if GSTO SNPs interact with ETS exposure in utero and during adulthood on the level of lung function during adulthood. METHODS We used cross-sectional data of 8,128 genotyped participants from the LifeLines cohort study. Linear regression models (adjusted for age, sex, height, weight, current smoking, ex-smoking and packyears smoked) were used to analyze the associations between in utero, daily and workplace ETS exposure, GSTO SNPs, the interaction between ETS and GSTOs, and level of lung function (FEV(1), FEV(1)/FVC). Since the interactions between ETS and GSTOs may be modified by active tobacco smoking we additionally assessed associations in never and ever smokers separately. A second sample of 5,308 genotyped LifeLines participants was used to verify our initial findings. RESULTS Daily and workplace ETS exposure was associated with significantly lower FEV(1)levels. GSTO SNPs (recessive model) interacted with in utero ETS and were associated with higher levels of FEV(1), whereas the interactions with daily and workplace ETS exposure were associated with lower levels of FEV(1), effects being more pronounced in never smokers. The interaction of GSTO2 SNP rs156697 with in utero ETS associated with a higher level of FEV(1) was significantly replicated in the second sample. Overall, the directions of the interactions of in utero and workplace ETS exposure with the SNPs found in the second (verification) sample were in line with the first sample. CONCLUSIONS GSTO genotypes interact with in utero and adulthood ETS exposure on adult lung function level, but in opposite directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim de Jong
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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12
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Stocks J, Sonnappa S. Early life influences on the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2013; 7:161-73. [PMID: 23439689 PMCID: PMC4107852 DOI: 10.1177/1753465813479428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not simply a disease of old age that is largely restricted to heavy smokers, but may be associated with insults to the developing lung during foetal life and the first few years of postnatal life, when lung growth and development are rapid. A better understanding of the long-term effects of early life factors, such as intrauterine growth restriction, prenatal and postnatal exposure to tobacco smoke and other pollutants, preterm delivery and childhood respiratory illnesses, on the subsequent development of chronic respiratory disease is imperative if appropriate preventive and management strategies to reduce the burden of COPD are to be developed. The extent to which insults to the developing lung are associated with increased risk of COPD in later life depends on the underlying cause, timing and severity of such derangements. Suboptimal conditions in utero result in aberrations of lung development such that affected individuals are born with reduced lung function, which tends to remain diminished throughout life, thereby increasing the risk both of wheezing disorders during childhood and subsequent COPD in genetically susceptible individuals. If the current trend towards the ever-increasing incidence of COPD is to be reversed, it is essential to minimize risks to the developing lung by improvements in antenatal and neonatal care, and to reduce prenatal and postnatal exposures to environmental pollutants, including passive tobacco smoke. Furthermore, adult physicians need to recognize that lung disease is potentially associated with early life insults and provide better education regarding diet, exercise and avoidance of smoking to preserve precious reserves of lung function in susceptible adults. This review focuses on factors that adversely influence lung development in utero and during the first 5 years of life, thereby predisposing to subsequent COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Stocks
- Portex Unit, University College London Institute of Child Health, 30, Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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13
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O’Neill MS, Breton CV, Devlin RB, Utell MJ. Air pollution and health: emerging information on susceptible populations. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2012; 5:189-201. [PMID: 25741389 PMCID: PMC4345419 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-011-0150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Outdoor air pollution poses risks to human health in communities around the world, and research on populations who are most susceptible continues to reveal new insights. Human susceptibility to adverse health effects from exposure to air pollution can be related to underlying disease; demographic or anthropometric characteristics; genetic profile; race and ethnicity; lifestyle, behaviors, and socioeconomic position; and location of residence or daily activities. In health research, an individual or group may have an enhanced responsiveness to a given, identical level of pollution exposure compared to those who are less susceptible. Or, people in these different groups may experience varying levels of exposure (for example, a theoretically homogeneous population whose members differ only by proximity to a road). Often the information available for health research may relate to both exposure and enhanced response to a given dose of pollution. This paper discusses the general direction of research on susceptibility to air pollution, with a general though not an exclusive focus on particulate matter, with specific examples of research on susceptibility related to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, asthma, and genetic and epigenetic features. We conclude by commenting how emerging knowledge of susceptibility can inform policy for controlling pollution sources and exposures to yield maximal health benefit and discuss two areas of emerging interest: studying air pollution and its connection to perinatal health, as well as land use and urban infrastructure design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie S. O’Neill
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 6631 SPH Tower, 109 South Observatory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
| | - Carrie V. Breton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar St. CHP 236, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Robert B. Devlin
- Clinical Research Branch, Environmental Public Health Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 104 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7315, USA
| | - Mark J. Utell
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box EHSC, 575 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box EHSC, 575 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that asthma, like other common diseases, has at least part of its origin early in life. Low birth weight has been shown to be associated with increased risks of asthma, chronic obstructive airway disease, and impaired lung function in adults, and increased risks of respiratory symptoms in early childhood. The developmental plasticity hypothesis suggests that the associations between low birth weight and diseases in later life are explained by adaptation mechanisms in fetal life and infancy in response to various adverse exposures. Various pathways leading from adverse fetal and infant exposures to growth adaptations and respiratory health outcomes have been studied, including fetal and early infant growth patterns, maternal smoking and diet, children's diet, respiratory tract infections and acetaminophen use, and genetic susceptibility. Still, the specific adverse exposures in fetal and early postnatal life leading to respiratory disease in adult life are not yet fully understood. Current studies suggest that both environmental and genetic factors in various periods of life, and their epigenetic mechanisms may underlie the complex associations of low birth weight with respiratory disease in later life. New well-designed epidemiological studies are needed to identify the specific underlying mechanisms. This review is focused on specific adverse fetal and infant growth patterns and exposures, genetic susceptibility, possible respiratory adaptations and perspectives for new studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Duijts
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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