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Witte A, Türk Y, Braunstahl GJ. Obesity-related asthma: new insights leading to a different approach. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2024; 30:294-302. [PMID: 38441436 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000001073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity is a growing global health threat that significantly contributes to the burden of asthma by increasing the risk of developing asthma and exerting a distinct effect on lung function and inflammation. The treatment of obesity-related asthma is hindered by a poor response to standard asthma treatments, leading to worse asthma control. Weight loss strategies have a significant effect on asthma symptoms but are not feasible for a large proportion of patients, underscoring the need for a better understanding of the pathophysiology and the development of additional treatment options. RECENT FINDINGS Recent literature focusing on pathophysiology particularly delved into nontype 2 inflammatory mechanisms, associations with the metabolic syndrome and small airway impairment. Additionally, several new treatment options are currently investigated, including biologics, weight reduction interventions, and novel antiobesity drugs. SUMMARY Obesity-related asthma is a highly prevalent asthma phenotype for which weight loss strategies currently stand as the most specific treatment. Furthermore, novel pharmacological interventions aiming at metabolic processes are on the way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adjan Witte
- Department of Pulmonology, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, The Netherlands
| | - Yasemin Türk
- Department of Pulmonology, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, The Netherlands
- Dutch Asthma Center Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Gert-Jan Braunstahl
- Department of Pulmonology, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, The Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Torres-Duque CA, Alí-Munive A, Severiche-Bueno D, Durán-Silva M, Aguirre-Franco CE, González-Florez A, Pareja-Zabala MJ, Jiménez-Maldonado L, Gonzalez-Garcia M. Tropical high altitude and severe asthma in adults: house dust mite sensitization and phenotypic distribution. J Asthma 2024; 61:222-231. [PMID: 37801283 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2023.2263072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of information on house dust mite (HDM) sensitization and phenotype distribution in patients with severe asthma (SA) living permanently at high-altitude (HA) in tropical regions, which may be different. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to characterize adults with SA in a tropical high altitude city (2,640 m): Bogotá, Colombia. MATERIAL AND METHODS This observational cross-sectional study included severe asthmatic outpatients (n = 129) referred to the ASMAIRE program of the Fundación Neumológica Colombiana in Bogotá (2,640 m). Clinical history, spirometry, total IgE, blood eosinophils, and skin prick test (SPT), including HDM allergens, were performed. Phenotype definitions: Allergic/atopic (AA): IgE ≥100 IU/mL and/or at least one positive SPT; eosinophilic (EOS): blood eosinophils ≥300 cells/µL; type 2-high: AA and/or EOS phenotype; type 2-low: non-AA/non-EOS phenotype (IgE <100 IU/mL, negative SPT, and blood eosinophils <300 cells/µL). RESULTS A total of 129 adults with SA were included, 79.8% female. Phenotype distribution: AA: 61.2%; EOS: 37.2%; type 2-high: 72.1%; type 2-low: 27.9%. Among AA patients, HDM sensitization was present in 87% and 34.9% were non-eosinophilic. There was a significant overlap between the phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to non-tropical high-altitude regions, we found a high frequency of HDM sensitization in patients with AA phenotype living in a tropical high-altitude city. We also found a discrete lower frequency of EOS phenotype with no other significant differences in the phenotypic distribution compared to that described at low altitudes. We propose that tropical location may modify the effect of high altitude on HDM concentrations and allergenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Torres-Duque
- Asmaire Program and Departamento de Investigación, Fundación Neumológica Colombiana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Abraham Alí-Munive
- Asmaire Program and Departamento de Investigación, Fundación Neumológica Colombiana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Diego Severiche-Bueno
- Asmaire Program and Departamento de Investigación, Fundación Neumológica Colombiana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Durán-Silva
- Asmaire Program and Departamento de Investigación, Fundación Neumológica Colombiana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Carlos E Aguirre-Franco
- Asmaire Program and Departamento de Investigación, Fundación Neumológica Colombiana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Angélica González-Florez
- Asmaire Program and Departamento de Investigación, Fundación Neumológica Colombiana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María José Pareja-Zabala
- Asmaire Program and Departamento de Investigación, Fundación Neumológica Colombiana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Libardo Jiménez-Maldonado
- Asmaire Program and Departamento de Investigación, Fundación Neumológica Colombiana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Gonzalez-Garcia
- Asmaire Program and Departamento de Investigación, Fundación Neumológica Colombiana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
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Tashiro H, Kurihara Y, Kuwahara Y, Takahashi K. Impact of obesity in asthma: Possible future therapies. Allergol Int 2024; 73:48-57. [PMID: 37659887 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the factors associated with the severity of asthma. Obesity is associated with aggravation of the pathophysiology of asthma, including exacerbations, airway inflammation, decreased pulmonary function, and airway hyperresponsiveness. The present review addresses the characteristics of asthma with obesity, focusing especially on the heterogeneity caused by the degree of type 2 inflammation, sex differences, the onset of asthma, and race differences. To understand the severity mechanisms in asthma and obesity, such as corticosteroid resistance, fatty acids, gut microbiome, and cytokines, several basic research studies are evaluated. Finally, possible future therapies, including weight reduction, microbiome-targeted therapies, and other molecular targeted therapies are addressed. We believe that the present review will contribute to better understanding of the severity mechanisms and the establishment of novel treatments for severe asthma patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tashiro
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
| | - Yuki Kurihara
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yuki Kuwahara
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Koichiro Takahashi
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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Delgado J, Navarro A, Álvarez-Gutiérrez FJ, Cisneros C, Domínguez-Ortega J. [Unmet Needs in Severe Allergic Asthma]. OPEN RESPIRATORY ARCHIVES 2023; 5:100282. [PMID: 38053757 PMCID: PMC10694599 DOI: 10.1016/j.opresp.2023.100282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe asthma affects 3%-10% of the world's population, according to estimates by the Global Initiative for ASTHMA (GINA). Allergic asthma is one of the most common phenotypes of severe asthma and it is characterized by allergen-induced type 2 inflammation in which immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a key mediator, making it an important therapeutic target. The introduction of targeted biological therapies or treatments has entered the management for severe asthma in the era of precision medicine, and the goal of treatment is clinical remission of the disease. There is a significant percentage of patients with severe allergic asthma who do not respond to treatments and whose symptoms are not controlled. In this paper, a group of experts in the management of severe allergic asthma reviewed and evaluated the most relevant evidence regarding the pathophysiology and phenotypes of severe allergic asthma, the role of IgE in allergic inflammation, allergen identification, techniques, biomarkers and diagnostic challenges, available treatments and strategies for disease management, with a special focus on biological treatments. From this review, recommendations were developed and validated through a Delphi consensus process with the aim of offering improvements in the management of severe allergic asthma to the professionals involved and identifying the unmet needs in the management of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Delgado
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica, Alergología, Hospital Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, España
| | - Ana Navarro
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica, Alergología, Hospital Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, España
| | | | - Carolina Cisneros
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, España
| | - Javier Domínguez-Ortega
- Servicio de Alergia, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Instituto de Investigación IDiPAZ, Madrid, España
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Bodaghi A, Fattahi N, Ramazani A. Biomarkers: Promising and valuable tools towards diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of Covid-19 and other diseases. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13323. [PMID: 36744065 PMCID: PMC9884646 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biomarkers as early warning systems in the evaluation of disease risk has increased markedly in the last decade. Biomarkers are indicators of typical biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacological reactions to therapy. The application and identification of biomarkers in the medical and clinical fields have an enormous impact on society. In this review, we discuss the history, various definitions, classifications, characteristics, and discovery of biomarkers. Furthermore, the potential application of biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of various diseases over the last decade are reviewed. The present review aims to inspire readers to explore new avenues in biomarker research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bodaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Tuyserkan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tuyserkan, Iran
| | - Nadia Fattahi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371-38791, Iran,Trita Nanomedicine Research and Technology Development Center (TNRTC), Zanjan Health Technology Park, 45156-13191, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371-38791, Iran,Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques (RIMBT), University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371-38791, Iran,Corresponding author. Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371-38791, Iran.;
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Jörres RA, Scholl N, Dressel H, Kauffmann-Guerrero D, Karrasch S, Ochmann U, Kneidinger N, Alter P, Magnussen H, Behr J, Nowak D, Kahnert K. A new approach for the detection of obesity-related airway obstruction in lung-healthy individuals. Respir Med 2022; 205:107025. [PMID: 36399895 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2022.107025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjects with obesity show an increased prevalence of airway obstruction but it is not clear in each case whether this reflects genuine lung disease. Via intentional increase in end-expiratory lung volume we studied the detection of obesity-induced airway obstruction in lung-healthy obese subjects. METHODS The primary study population comprised 66 lung-healthy obese subjects and 23 normal weight subjects. Measurements were performed in a body plethysmograph allowing for recording and quantification of breathing loops in terms of specific airway resistance at both normal and intentionally elevated end-expiratory lung volume. The change in volume was documented by a shutter maneuver. RESULTS The voluntary increase of lung volume led to a significant reduction of expiratory airway resistance in 11 of the 66 obese subjects. This reduction could be quantified by a change of total expiratory resistance (sRtEX) of >1 kPa*s but was also clearly visible in the breathing loops. sRtEX showed the largest change among all resistance parameters. The loops of normal weight subjects remained virtually unaffected by the change in lung volume. Moreover, those of 5 obese patients with COPD who were measured for comparison partially showed a reduction of resistance but airway obstruction remained. CONCLUSION The proposed breathing maneuver was simple to perform and allowed for a quantitative and qualitative detection of obesity-induced airway obstruction. This might help in reducing the likelihood of misdiagnosis and overtreatment of obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf A Jörres
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicola Scholl
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Dressel
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Medicine V, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Diego Kauffmann-Guerrero
- Department of Medicine V, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Karrasch
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Uta Ochmann
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Kneidinger
- Department of Medicine V, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Alter
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg (UMR), Marburg, Germany
| | - Helgo Magnussen
- Pulmonary Research Institute at LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Behr
- Department of Medicine V, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kahnert
- Department of Medicine V, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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