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Janković T, Janković M. Extracellular vesicles and glycans: new avenue for biomarker research. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2024; 34:020503. [PMID: 38882582 PMCID: PMC11177654 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2024.020503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The investigation of biomarkers is constantly evolving. New molecules and molecular assemblies, such as soluble and particulate complexes, emerged as biomarkers from basic research and investigation of different proteomes, genomes, and glycomes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), and glycans, complex carbohydrates are ubiquitous in nature. The composition and structure of both reflect physiological state of paternal cells and are strikingly changed in diseases. The EV-associated glycans, alone or in combination with soluble glycans in related biological fluids, used as analytes, aim to capture full complex biomarker picture, enabling its use in different clinical settings. Bringing together EVs and glycans can help to extract meaningful data from their extreme and distinct heterogeneities for use in the real-time diagnostics. The glycans on the surface of EVs could mark their subpopulations and establish the glycosignature, the solubilisation signature and molecular patterns. They all contribute to a new way of looking at and looking for composite biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Janković
- Department for Immunochemistry and Glycobiology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslava Janković
- Department for Immunochemistry and Glycobiology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Parvin A, Erabi G, Alemi A, Rezanezhad A, Maleksabet A, Sadeghpour S, Taheri-Anganeh M, Ghasemnejad-Berenji H. Seminal plasma proteomics as putative biomarkers for male infertility diagnosis. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 561:119757. [PMID: 38857670 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Male infertility represents a significant global public health issue that is currently emerging as a prominent research focus. Presently, laboratories adhere to the guidelines outlined by the World Health Organization (WHO) manuals for conducting routine semen analysis to diagnose male infertility. However, the accuracy of results in predicting sperm quality and fertility is limited because some individuals with a normal semen analysis report, an unremarkable medical history, and a physical examination may still experience infertility. As a result, the importance of employing more advanced techniques to investigate sperm function and male fertility in the treatment of male infertility and/or subfertility becomes apparent. The standard test for evaluating human semen has been improved by more complex tests that look at things like reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), sperm DNA fragmentation levels, DNA compaction, apoptosis, genetic testing, and the presence and location of anti-sperm antibodies. Recent discoveries of novel biomarkers have significantly enriched our understanding of male fertility. Moreover, the notable biological diversity among samples obtained from the same individual complicates the efficacy of routine semen analysis. Therefore, unraveling the molecular mechanisms involved in fertilization is pivotal in expanding our understanding of factors contributing to male infertility. By understanding how these proteins work and what role they play in sperm activity, we can look at the expression profile in men who can't have children to find diagnostic biomarkers. This review examines the various sperm and seminal plasma proteins associated with infertility, as well as proteins that are either deficient or exhibit aberrant expression, potentially contributing to male infertility causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Parvin
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Gisou Erabi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Alireza Alemi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Arman Rezanezhad
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Amir Maleksabet
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sonia Sadeghpour
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Hojat Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Jankovic T, Danilovic Lukovic J, Goc S, Mitic N, Hajdukovic L, Jankovic M. Gamma-glutamyltransferase-associated glycoprotein patterns in human seminal plasma of normozoospermic men: a new aspect of biomarker heterogeneity. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2023. [PMID: 37465893 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a well-known laboratory biomarker. In spite of high concentration and the possible biomedical importance of estimating GGT in human seminal plasma (hSP), it has not been widely explored in reproductive physiology. This study aimed to complement existing data on its diversity, previously obtained on seminal extracellular vesicles, by analyzing matched soluble fraction of hSP. The GGT-associated patterns of selected glycoproteins were analyzed in order to establish an adjunct referent parameter for differentiation between known high molecular mass forms of GGT. Getting insight into distinct GGT-associated glycoprotein patterns should contribute to define them together as possible multimarkers. METHODS GGT forms in soluble, membrane-free-fraction isolated form hSP of normozoospermic men were analyzed using gel filtration and lectin blotting using WGA (wheat germ agglutinin) and Con A (concanavalin A). RESULTS Widely distributed GGT (with two to three partially resolved peaks), which may correspond to high molecular mass aggregates, were detected. GGT-associated patterns of selected glycoproteins (at position of big, medium, and small-GGT) all comprised high molecular mass WGA-reactive smears, but differed in the presence of Con A-reactive glycans, as well as mucin-associated antigens CA19-9 and CA125. CONCLUSIONS GGT contributes to several molecular patterns that differ between the soluble and extracellular vesicle fractions of hSP. Their glycobiochemical heterogeneity is due to difference in the presence of distinct sialylated and mannosylated glycans. Moreover, GGT-associated glycoprotein patterns differentiate between high molecular mass forms of GGT in the soluble fraction of hSP. They hold promise as possible targets for increasing biomarker potential of GGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Jankovic
- Department for Immunochemistry and Glycobiology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Danilovic Lukovic
- Department for Immunochemistry and Glycobiology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Goc
- Department for Immunochemistry and Glycobiology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ninoslav Mitic
- Department for Immunochemistry and Glycobiology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Hajdukovic
- Department for Immunochemistry and Glycobiology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslava Jankovic
- Department for Immunochemistry and Glycobiology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, Serbia
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Roy R, Lorca C, Mulet M, Sánchez Milán JA, Baratas A, de la Casa M, Espinet C, Serra A, Gallart-Palau X. Altered ureido protein modification profiles in seminal plasma extracellular vesicles of non-normozoospermic men. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1113824. [PMID: 37033249 PMCID: PMC10073716 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1113824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as key players in numerous physiological functions. These vesicles alter their compositions attuned to the health and disease states of the organism. In men, significant changes in the proteomic composition(s) of seminal plasma EVs (sEVs) have already been found to be related to infertility. METHODS Methods: In this study, we analyze the posttranslational configuration of sEV proteomes from normozoospermic (NZ) men and non-normozoospermic (non-NZ) men diagnosed with teratozoospermia and/or asthenozoospermia by unbiased, discovery-driven proteomics and advanced bioinformatics, specifically focusing on citrulline (Cit) and homocitrulline (hCit) posttranscriptional residues, both considered product of ureido protein modifications. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Significant increase in the proteome-wide cumulative presence of hCit together with downregulation of Cit in specific proteins related to decisive molecular functions have been encountered in sEVs of non-NZ subjects. These findings identify novel culprits with a higher chance of affecting fundamental aspects of sperm functional quality and define potential specific diagnostic and prognostic non-invasive markers for male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Roy
- Department of Biology, Genetics Unit, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Lorca
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG), Neuroscience Area, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), Lleida, Spain
- IMDEA-Food Research Institute, Campus of International Excellence UAM+CSIC, Old Cantoblanco Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Mulet
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG), Neuroscience Area, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), Lleida, Spain
- IMDEA-Food Research Institute, Campus of International Excellence UAM+CSIC, Old Cantoblanco Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Sánchez Milán
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG), Neuroscience Area, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), Lleida, Spain
| | - Alejandro Baratas
- Department of Biology, Genetics Unit, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Moisés de la Casa
- Department of Biology, Genetics Unit, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- GINEFIV, Assisted Reproduction Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carme Espinet
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Aida Serra
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG), Neuroscience Area, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), Lleida, Spain
- IMDEA-Food Research Institute, Campus of International Excellence UAM+CSIC, Old Cantoblanco Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
- *Correspondence: Aida Serra, ; Xavier Gallart-Palau,
| | - Xavier Gallart-Palau
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG), Neuroscience Area, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), Lleida, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
- *Correspondence: Aida Serra, ; Xavier Gallart-Palau,
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Lucotti S, Kenific CM, Zhang H, Lyden D. Extracellular vesicles and particles impact the systemic landscape of cancer. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109288. [PMID: 36052513 PMCID: PMC9475536 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular cross talk between cancer cells and stromal and immune cells is essential for tumor progression and metastasis. Extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) are a heterogeneous class of secreted messengers that carry bioactive molecules and that have been shown to be crucial for this cell-cell communication. Here, we highlight the multifaceted roles of EVPs in cancer. Functionally, transfer of EVP cargo between cells influences tumor cell growth and invasion, alters immune cell composition and function, and contributes to stromal cell activation. These EVP-mediated changes impact local tumor progression, foster cultivation of pre-metastatic niches at distant organ-specific sites, and mediate systemic effects of cancer. Furthermore, we discuss how exploiting the highly selective enrichment of molecules within EVPs has profound implications for advancing diagnostic and prognostic biomarker development and for improving therapy delivery in cancer patients. Altogether, these investigations into the role of EVPs in cancer have led to discoveries that hold great promise for improving cancer patient care and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Lucotti
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Candia M Kenific
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - David Lyden
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
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Janković T, Danilović Luković J, Miler I, Mitić N, Hajduković L, Janković M. Assembly of tetraspanins, galectin-3, and distinct N-glycans defines the solubilization signature of seminal prostasomes from normozoospermic and oligozoospermic men. Ups J Med Sci 2021; 126:7673. [PMID: 34540145 PMCID: PMC8431989 DOI: 10.48101/ujms.v126.7673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostasomes, extracellular vesicles (EVs) abundantly present in seminal plasma, express distinct tetraspanins (TS) and galectin-3 (gal-3), which are supposed to shape their surface by an assembly of different molecular complexes. In this study, detergent-sensitivity patterns of membrane-associated prostasomal proteins were determined aiming at the solubilization signature as an intrinsic multimolecular marker and a new parameter suitable as a reference for the comparison of EVs populations in health and disease. METHODS Prostasomes were disrupted by Triton X-100 and analyzed by gel filtration under conditions that maintained complete solubilization. Redistribution of TS (CD63, CD9, and CD81), gal-3, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and distinct N-glycans was monitored using solid-phase lectin-binding assays, transmission electron microscopy, electrophoresis, and lectin blot. RESULTS Comparative data on prostasomes under normal physiology and conditions of low sperm count revealed similarity regarding the redistribution of distinct N-glycans and GGT, all presumed to be mainly part of the vesicle coat. In contrast to this, a greater difference was found in the redistribution of integral membrane proteins, exemplified by TS and gal-3. Accordingly, they were grouped into two molecular patterns mainly consisting of overlapped CD9/gal-3/wheat germ agglutinin-reactive glycoproteins and CD63/GGT/concanavalin A-reactive glycoproteins. CONCLUSIONS Solubilization signature can be considered as an all-inclusive distinction factor regarding the surface properties of a particular vesicle since it reflects the status of the parent cell and the extracellular environment, both of which contribute to the composition of spatial membrane arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Janković
- University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Irena Miler
- University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, Belgrade, Serbia
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, VINČA, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ninoslav Mitić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Hajduković
- University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslava Janković
- University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, Belgrade, Serbia
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Liangsupree T, Multia E, Riekkola ML. Modern isolation and separation techniques for extracellular vesicles. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1636:461773. [PMID: 33316564 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogenous membrane-bound vesicles released from various origins. EVs play a crucial role in cellular communication and mediate several physiological and pathological processes, highlighting their potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Due to the rapid increase in interests and needs to elucidate EV properties and functions, numerous isolation and separation approaches for EVs have been developed to overcome limitations of conventional techniques, such as ultracentrifugation. This review focuses on recently emerging and modern EV isolation and separation techniques, including size-, charge-, and affinity-based techniques while excluding ultracentrifugation and precipitation-based techniques due to their multiple limitations. The advantages and drawbacks of each technique are discussed together with insights into their applications. Emerging approaches all share similar features in terms of being time-effective, easy-to-operate, and capable of providing EVs with suitable and desirable purity and integrity for applications of interest. Combination and hyphenation of techniques have been used for EV isolation and separation to yield EVs with the best quality. The most recent development using an automated on-line system including selective affinity-based trapping unit and asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation allows reliable isolation and fractionation of EV subpopulations from human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evgen Multia
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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