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Mavasa R, Yekwayo I, Mwabvu T, Tsvuura Z. Preliminary patterns of seasonal changes in species composition of surface‐active arthropods in a South African savannah. AUSTRAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Risuna Mavasa
- School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Private Bag X01, Scottsville Pietermaritzburg 3209 South Africa
| | - Inam Yekwayo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Walter Sisulu University Mthatha South Africa
| | - Tarombera Mwabvu
- School of Biology & Environmental Sciences University of Mpumalanga Mbombela South Africa
- School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Durban South Africa
| | - Zivanai Tsvuura
- School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Private Bag X01, Scottsville Pietermaritzburg 3209 South Africa
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Biodiversity University of KwaZulu‐Natal Pietermaritzburg South Africa
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Curtis KM, Paterson AM, Malumbres-Olarte J, Vink CJ, Ross JG. Developing a future protocol for measuring spider biodiversity in pastures in New Zealand. NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2021.2022721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate M. Curtis
- Department of Pest-management and Conservation, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Adrian M. Paterson
- Department of Pest-management and Conservation, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte
- cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
- LIBRe – Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cor J. Vink
- Department of Pest-management and Conservation, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - James G. Ross
- Department of Pest-management and Conservation, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Goldson SL, Barker GM, Chapman HM, Popay AJ, Stewart AV, Caradus JR, Barratt BIP. Severe Insect Pest Impacts on New Zealand Pasture: The Plight of an Ecological Outlier. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:17. [PMID: 32322881 PMCID: PMC7177163 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
New Zealand's intensive pastures, comprised almost entirely introduced Lolium L. and Trifolium L. species, are arguably the most productive grazing-lands in the world. However, these areas are vulnerable to destructive invasive pest species. Of these, three of the most damaging pests are weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) that have relatively recently been controlled by three different introduced parasitoids, all belonging to the genus Microctonus Wesmael (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Arguably that these introduced parasitoids have been highly effective is probably because they, like many of the exotic pest species, have benefited from enemy release. Parasitism has been so intense that, very unusually, one of the weevils has now evolved resistance to its parthenogenetic parasitoid. This review argues that New Zealand's high exotic pasture pest burden is attributable to a lack of pasture plant and natural enemy diversity that presents little biotic resistance to invasive species. There is a native natural enemy fauna in New Zealand that has evolved over millions of years of geographical isolation. However, these species remain in their indigenous ecosystems and, therefore, play a minimal role in creating biotic resistance in the country's exotic ecosystems. For clear ecological reasons relating to the nature of New Zealand pastures, importation biological control can work extremely well. Conversely, conservation biological control is less likely to be effective than elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L Goldson
- AgResearch, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | | | - Hazel M Chapman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | | | - John R Caradus
- Grasslanz Technology Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Mkenda PA, Ndakidemi PA, Mbega E, Stevenson PC, Arnold SEJ, Gurr GM, Belmain SR. Multiple ecosystem services from field margin vegetation for ecological sustainability in agriculture: scientific evidence and knowledge gaps. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8091. [PMID: 31799074 PMCID: PMC6885351 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Field margin and non-crop vegetation in agricultural systems are potential ecosystem services providers because they offer semi-natural habitats for both below and above ground animal groups such as soil organisms, small mammals, birds and arthropods that are service supplying units. They are considered as a target area for enhancing farm biodiversity. Methodology To explore the multiple potential benefits of these semi-natural habitats and to identify research trends and knowledge gaps globally, a review was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A total of 235 publications from the year 2000 to 2016 in the Scopus and Web of Science databases were reviewed. Results The literature showed an increasing trend in the number of published articles over time with European studies leading in the proportion of studies conducted, followed by North America, Asia, South America, Africa and Australia. Several functional groups of organisms were studied from field margin and non-crop vegetation around agricultural lands including natural enemies (37%), insect pests (22%), birds (17%), pollinators (16%), soil macro fauna (4%) and small mammals (4%). Ecosystem services derived from the field margin included natural pest regulation, pollination, nutrient cycling and reduced offsite erosion. Some field margin plants were reported to host detrimental crop pests, a major ecosystem dis-service, potentially leading to increased pest infestation in the field. Conclusion The majority of studies revealed the importance of field margin and non-crop vegetation around arable fields in enhancing ecosystem biodiversity. Promotion of field margin plants that selectively enhance the population of beneficial organisms would support sustainable food security rather than simply boosting plant diversity. Our analyses also highlight that agro-ecological studies remain largely overlooked in some regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisila A Mkenda
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Biodiversity and Ecosystems Management, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania.,School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biosciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Patrick A Ndakidemi
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Biodiversity and Ecosystems Management, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Ernest Mbega
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Biodiversity and Ecosystems Management, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Philip C Stevenson
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK.,Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Sarah E J Arnold
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK
| | - Geoff M Gurr
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.,Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Steven R Belmain
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK
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Bowie MH, Shields MW, He S, Ross JG, Cruickshank RH, Hodge S. A survey of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Ahuriri Scenic Reserve, Banks Peninsula, and comparisons with a previous survey performed 30 years earlier. NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2018.1546196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mike H. Bowie
- Department of Ecology, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | | | - Shuqi He
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - James G. Ross
- Department of Ecology, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | | | - Simon Hodge
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand
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Vink CJ. A history of araneology in New Zealand. J R Soc N Z 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2017.1334676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cor J. Vink
- Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Lamont SM, Vink CJ, Seldon DS, Holwell GI. Spider diversity and community composition in native broadleaf–podocarp forest fragments of northern Hawke’s Bay, New Zealand. NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2017.1281320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey M. Lamont
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cor J. Vink
- Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - David S. Seldon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gregory I. Holwell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Shields MW, Tompkins JM, Saville DJ, Meurk CD, Wratten S. Potential ecosystem service delivery by endemic plants in New Zealand vineyards: successes and prospects. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2042. [PMID: 27366636 PMCID: PMC4924141 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vineyards worldwide occupy over 7 million hectares and are typically virtual monocultures, with high and costly inputs of water and agro-chemicals. Understanding and enhancing ecosystem services can reduce inputs and their costs and help satisfy market demands for evidence of more sustainable practices. In this New Zealand work, low-growing, endemic plant species were evaluated for their potential benefits as Service Providing Units (SPUs) or Ecosystem Service Providers (ESPs). The services provided were weed suppression, conservation of beneficial invertebrates, soil moisture retention and microbial activity. The potential Ecosystem Dis-services (EDS) from the selected plant species by hosting the larvae of a key vine moth pest, the light-brown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana), was also quantified. Questionnaires were used to evaluate winegrowers’ perceptions of the value of and problems associated with such endemic plant species in their vineyards. Growth and survival rates of the 14 plant species, in eight families, were evaluated, with Leptinella dioica (Asteraceae) and Acaena inermis ‘purpurea’ (Rosaceae) having the highest growth rates in terms of area covered and the highest survival rate after 12 months. All 14 plant species suppressed weeds, with Leptinella squalida, Geranium sessiliforum (Geraniaceae), Hebe chathamica (Plantaginaceae), Scleranthus uniflorus (Caryophyllaceae) and L. dioica, each reducing weed cover by >95%. Plant species also differed in the diversity of arthropods that they supported, with the Shannon Wiener diversity index (H′) for these taxa ranging from 0 to 1.3. G. sessiliforum and Muehlenbeckia axillaris (Polygonaceae) had the highest invertebrate diversity. Density of spiders was correlated with arthropod diversity and G. sessiliflorum and H. chathamica had the highest densities of these arthropods. Several plant species associated with higher soil moisture content than in control plots. The best performing species in this context were A. inermis ‘purpurea’ and Lobelia angulata (Lobeliaceae). Soil beneath all plant species had a higher microbial activity than in control plots, with L. dioica being highest in this respect. Survival proportion to the adult stage of the moth pest, E. postvittana, on all plant species was poor (<0.3). When judged by a ranking combining multiple criteria, the most promising plant species were (in decreasing order) G. sessiliflorum, A. inermis ‘purpurea’, H. chathamica, M. axillaris, L. dioica, L. angulata, L. squalida and S. uniflorus. Winegrowers surveyed said that they probably would deploy endemic plants around their vines. This research demonstrates that enhancing plant diversity in vineyards can deliver SPUs, harbour ESPs and therefore deliver ES. The data also shows that growers are willing to follow these protocols, with appropriate advice founded on sound research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan W Shields
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | | | - David J Saville
- Saville Statistical Consulting Limited, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | | | - Stephen Wratten
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand
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Brown GR, Matthews IM. A review of extensive variation in the design of pitfall traps and a proposal for a standard pitfall trap design for monitoring ground-active arthropod biodiversity. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:3953-64. [PMID: 27247760 PMCID: PMC4867678 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand change in global biodiversity patterns requires large-scale, long-term monitoring. The ability to draw meaningful comparison across studies is severely hampered by extensive variation in the design of the sampling equipment and how it is used. Here, we present a meta-analysis and description highlighting this variation in a common, widely used entomological survey technique. We report a decline in the completeness of methodological reporting over a 20-year period, while there has been no clear reduction in the methodological variation between researchers using pitfall traps for arthropod sampling. There is a growing need for improved comparability between studies to facilitate the generation of large-scale, long-term biodiversity datasets. However, our results show that, counterproductive to this goal, over the last 20 years there has little progress in reducing the methodological variation. We propose a standardized pitfall trap design for the study of ground-active arthropods. In addition, we provide a table to promote a more standardized reporting of the key methodological variables. Widespread adoption of more standardized methods and reporting would facilitate more nuanced analysis of biodiversity change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant R Brown
- Centre for Biological Diversity University of St Andrews Sir Harold Mitchell Building St Andrews KY16 9TH UK
| | - Iain M Matthews
- Centre for Biological Diversity University of St Andrews Sir Harold Mitchell Building St Andrews KY16 9TH UK
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