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Kumar R, Sturos M, Porter RE, Singh A, Armién AG, Goyal SM, Mor SK. An Outbreak of Fowl Aviadenovirus A-Associated Gizzard Erosion and Ulceration in Captive Bobwhite Quail ( Colinus virginianus). Avian Dis 2020; 65:52-58. [PMID: 34339122 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-20-00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A flock of captive bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) experienced loose droppings, depression, and increased mortality starting at 3 wk of age. Necropsy of the affected birds revealed intestines dilated with frothy and tan fluid. Irregular dark brown fissures within the koilin layer of the gizzard were found in 20%-30% of the birds. Histologically, gizzards showed multifocal koilin degeneration or fragmentation, degeneration and necrosis of the subjacent epithelial cells, and infiltration of macrophages, lymphocytes, and heterophils. Necrotic epithelial cells occasionally contained large, smudgy, basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies with marginated nuclear chromatin. Adenoviral paracrystalline arrays composed of icosahedral virions (60-70 nm diameter) were seen on transmission electron microscopy in the nuclei of epithelial cells in the gizzard mucosa. Adenovirus was isolated from gizzard, liver, intestine, and trachea by inoculation of specific-pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs. Homogenates of the gizzard, liver, and intestine were positive for the adenovirus hexon gene by PCR. Sequencing of PCR amplicons confirmed the virus as fowl aviadenovirus A. The study isolates showed more than 99% and 97% nucleotide identity with quail bronchitis virus and with aviadenoviruses from gizzard erosion and ulceration (GEU) in broilers, respectively. The viral isolates showed six substitutions (G1T, C174A, A229G, C513A, T579A, and G621C) of which two were nonsynonymous (G1T and A229G), resulting in a change in the translated amino acid as A1S and S77G, respectively. These results indicate that adenoviruses of the same type or species can cause different clinical presentations in quails, e.g., bronchitis or GEU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108.,College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Veterinary and Animal Science University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281001, India
| | - Matt Sturos
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Robert E Porter
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Azad Singh
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Anibal G Armién
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Sagar M Goyal
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Sunil K Mor
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108,
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Zhao J, Ruan S, Guo Y, He Z, Xu M, Zhang G. Serological and phylogenetic analysis indicating prevalence of fowl adenovirus in China. Vet Rec 2018; 182:381. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.104517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Sifan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Guo
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Zirong He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Meiyu Xu
- Diagnostic and Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases, China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
- Diagnostic and Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases, China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
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Isolation and molecular characterization of prevalent Fowl adenovirus strains in southwestern China during 2015-2016 for the development of a control strategy. Emerg Microbes Infect 2017; 6:e103. [PMID: 29184155 PMCID: PMC5717092 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2017.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) has caused significant losses in chicken flocks throughout China in recent years. However, the current understanding of the genetic and pathogenic characteristics of the FAdV epidemic in southwestern China remains poorly understood. In this study, a total of 22 strains were isolated from liver samples of diseased chickens from farms in southwestern China. Phylogenetic analysis based on the hexon loop-1 gene showed that the 22 isolates were clustered into four distinct serotypes: FAdV serotype 4 (FAdV-4) (86.4%, 19/22), FAdV-2 (4.5%, 1/22), FAdV-8a (4.5%, 1/22), and FAdV-8b (4.5%, 1/22). FAdV-4 was the predominant serotype in southwestern China. Pathogenicity testing showed that the FAdV-4 serotype strain CH/GZXF/1602 and FAdV-8a strain CH/CQBS/1504 were pathogenic to chickens, with mortality rates reaching as high as 80% and 20%, respectively. The primary clinical feature observed following infection with strain CH/GZXF/1602 (FAdV-4) was hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome, and that of strain CH/CQBS/1504 (FAdV-8a) was inclusion body hepatitis. Conversely, the FAdV-2 serotype strain CH/GZXF/1511 and FAdV-8b serotype strain CH/CQBS/1512 was not observed to be pathogenic in chickens. Then, CH/GZXF/1602 (FAdV-4) was selected for the preparation of an inactivated oil-emulsion vaccine. Immune studies on Partridge Shank broilers showed that a single dose immunization at 17 days of age could not only protect against homologous challenge with virulent FAdV-4 but also provided protection against clinical disease following challenge with the heterologous FAdV-8b virulent strain until 70 days of age. The characterization of newly prevalent FAdV strains provides a valuable reference for the development of an efficacious control strategy.
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Schachner A, Matos M, Grafl B, Hess M. Fowl adenovirus-induced diseases and strategies for their control - a review on the current global situation. Avian Pathol 2017; 47:111-126. [PMID: 28950714 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2017.1385724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The stand-alone pathogenicity of fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) had long been disputed, given the ubiquity of the viruses versus sporadic outbreaks, and variation between experimental studies. However, a globally emerging trend of FAdV-associated diseases has marked the past two decades, with hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome mainly in Asia besides Arabian and Latin American countries, and geographically more disseminated outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis. Finally, the appearance of FAdV-induced gizzard erosion (AGE) in Asia and Europe completed the range of diseases. Epidemiological studies confirmed serotype FAdV-4 as agent of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome, whereas inclusion body hepatitis is related to FAdV-2, -8a, -8b and -11. Members of the biologically more distant serotype FAdV-1 induce AGE. Urged by increasing problems in the field, numerous pathogenicity studies with FAdVs from outbreaks substantiated the primary aetiologic role of particular strains for distinct clinical conditions. Developments in the poultry industry towards highly specialized genetic breeds and rigorous biosecurity additionally contribute to the growing incidence of FAdV-related diseases. Confirming field observations, recent studies connected a higher susceptibility of broilers with their distinct physiology, implying the choice of bird type as a factor to be considered in infection studies. Furthermore, elevated biosecurity standards have generated immunologically naïve breeding stocks, putting broilers at risk in face of vertical FAdV transmission. Therefore, future prevention strategies should include adequate antibodies in breeders prior to production and - if necessary - vaccination, in order to protect progenies. This review aims to deliver a detailed overview on the current global situation about FAdV-induced diseases, their reproduction in vivo and vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schachner
- a Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV) , University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna , Austria
| | - Miguel Matos
- b Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health , University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna , Austria
| | - Beatrice Grafl
- b Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health , University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna , Austria
| | - Michael Hess
- a Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV) , University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna , Austria.,b Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health , University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna , Austria
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Matczuk AK, Niczyporuk JS, Kuczkowski M, Woźniakowski G, Nowak M, Wieliczko A. Whole genome sequencing of Fowl aviadenovirus A - a causative agent of gizzard erosion and ulceration, in adult laying hens. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 48:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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