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Rtishchev A, Treshchalina A, Shustova E, Boravleva E, Gambaryan A. An Outbreak of Newcastle Disease Virus in the Moscow Region in the Summer of 2022. Vet Sci 2023; 10:404. [PMID: 37368790 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10060404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In August 2022 on a backyard farm in the Moscow region of Russia, mortality was observed among chickens, and all 45 birds of a particular farm died or were slaughtered after the onset of symptoms within a few days. Paramyxovirus was isolated from the diseased birds. Based on the nucleotide sequences of the F and NP gene fragments, it was determined that the virus belonged to subgenotype VII.1 AAvV-1 class II. The cleavage site of the F gene 109SGGRRQKRFIG119 and T in 546 and 555 position of the NP gene were typical for the velogenic type. The genetically closest NDV isolates were found in Iran. The mean time of death of 10-day-old chicken embryos upon infection with the minimal infectious dose was 52 h, which is typical for the velogenic pathotype. The virus caused 100% death of six-week-old chickens during oral infection as well as 100% mortality of all contact chickens, including those located in remote cages, which proves the ability of the virus to spread not only by the fecal-oral route but also by the aerosol route. That demonstrates a high level of pathogenicity and contagiousness of the isolated strain for chicken. However, mice intranasally infected with high doses of the virus did not die.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artyom Rtishchev
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera», 105064 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Treshchalina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for the Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Village of Institute of Poliomyelitis, Settlement "Moskovskiy", 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Shustova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for the Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Village of Institute of Poliomyelitis, Settlement "Moskovskiy", 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Boravleva
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for the Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Village of Institute of Poliomyelitis, Settlement "Moskovskiy", 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra Gambaryan
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for the Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Village of Institute of Poliomyelitis, Settlement "Moskovskiy", 108819 Moscow, Russia
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Dehgany-Asl S, Allymehr M, Talebi A, Yosefi O, Allahyari E. Monitoring of aquatic birds and surveillance of avian influenza and Newcastle disease of waterfowls at the National Park of Urmia Lake. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:2016-2031. [PMID: 35763835 PMCID: PMC9514460 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urmia lake, as a national park, is one of the most valuable aquatic ecosystems in the Middle East and quatitative and qualitative changes in Urmia lake water have a great impact on its ecological performance and in the region. OBJECTIVES This project was designed to study the effects of the extent of Urmia lake water surface area on the area size and on the number of aquatic birds of the six selected habitats in 2011-2019. The presence of avian influenza (AI) and Newcastle disease (ND) viruses in migratory aquatic birds together with their impacts on poultry farms as well as on rural birds was also under surveillance in 2018-2019. METHODS Changes of Urmia lake and its impacts on area size of the six selected birds habitats were monitored by GIS. The small monitoring program with circular plot point counts was used for counting of the number of birds of the six selected habitats. At least, 100 samples (oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs) were collected. each sample was placed in a sterile plastic tube containg transport media and assigned with an number and store untill used. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time RT-PCR test were used for detection of AI and ND viruses in the samples. RESULTS The results revealed that changes in the water surface area of Urmia lake had a gsignificat impacts on area size and the number of aquatic birds of the six selected habitats. The surveillance results showed that 5% of the samples were AIV positvie while 25% of the samples were pasitive for NDV including 20% for non-virulent NDV (lNDV) and 5% for virulent NDV (vNDV) strains. CONCLUSION This study showed that fluctuation of Urmia lake's water surface area influenced (p < 0.05) the area size of the six selected aquatic birds' habitats and had a great impacts on the number of the migratory birds. Detection of AIV and vNDV emphesises that the seasonal migratory waterfowls spread AI and vND viruses to the ponds and estuaries as well as to the rural birds and industrialised poultry units around the Urmia lake. Potential public health treats were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saied Dehgany-Asl
- Department of Poultry Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, West Azerbaijan Province, Urmia, Iran
| | - Manoochehr Allymehr
- Department of Poultry Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, West Azerbaijan Province, Urmia, Iran
| | - Alireza Talebi
- Department of Poultry Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, West Azerbaijan Province, Urmia, Iran
| | - Omid Yosefi
- Division of Wildlife, General Department of Environment, West Azerbaijan Province, Urmia, Iran
| | - Esmaeel Allahyari
- Department of Health and Management of Poultry Diseases, Iran Veterinary Organization, West Azerbaijan Province, Urmia, Iran
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Esmaeelzadeh-Dizaji R, Molouki A, Hosseini H, Fallah-Mehrabadi MH, Ziafati-Kafi Z, Takalou A, Eram N, Kumar N, Ashuri A, Sadri N, Ghalyanchi-Langeroudi A. Molecular characterization of a pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 virus isolated from Eurasian collared doves in Iran, 2017. J Vet Sci 2022; 23:e29. [PMID: 35466597 PMCID: PMC9149496 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.21254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Esmaeelzadeh-Dizaji
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963111, Iran
| | - Aidin Molouki
- Department of Poultry Diseases, RAZI Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj 3197619751, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj 3149968111, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Fallah-Mehrabadi
- Department of Poultry Diseases, RAZI Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj 3197619751, Iran
| | - Zahra Ziafati-Kafi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963111, Iran
| | - Azin Takalou
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Nava Eram
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963111, Iran
| | - Niloufar Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Alireza Ashuri
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963111, Iran
| | - Naser Sadri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963111, Iran
| | - Arash Ghalyanchi-Langeroudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963111, Iran
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Shafaati M, Ghorbani M, Mahmodi M, Ebadi M, Jalalirad R. Molecular evaluation and genetic characterisation of Newcastle disease virus's haemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein isolated from broiler chickens in Iran. Vet Med Sci 2021; 8:219-228. [PMID: 34606181 PMCID: PMC8788978 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Newcastle disease (ND) virus (NDV) is one of the major pathogens in poultry farms that causes severe economic damages to the poultry industry, especially broiler chicken and turkey farms. Despite the endemicity of ND and its many epidemics in the country, the nature of the Iranian strain of the Newcastle virus is still largely unknown. This study aimed to characterise and evaluate NDV isolates obtained from commercial poultry farms in Iran in 2019 through haemagglutinin‐neuraminidase (HN) gene sequencing. Method HN gene of each NDV isolate was amplified and sequenced using specific primers followed by phylogenetic analysis of full length of HN gene open reading frame and amino acid (aa) sequence of HN. Results Phylogenetic analysis of the HN gene showed that the virus is very closely related to genotypes VII and III. Analysis of HN gene nucleotide sequences showed that all isolates encode proteins with a length of 571 aa. Conclusion Results of the present study are useful for a better understanding of molecular epidemiology of indigenous NDV strains and determining important molecular differences between fields and commonly used vaccine strains related to main immunogenic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Shafaati
- Department of cellular & molecular biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoud Ghorbani
- Department of Research and Development, Pasteur Institute of Iran, The production and Research Complex, 25 Kilometer Tehran-Kraj Highway, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Minoo Mahmodi
- Department of cellular & molecular biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ebadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Damaghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Semnan, Iran
| | - Reza Jalalirad
- Department of Research and Development, Pasteur Institute of Iran, The production and Research Complex, 25 Kilometer Tehran-Kraj Highway, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
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Predominance of Fourth Panzootic Newcastle Disease Virus Subgenotype VII.1.1 in Iran and Its Relation to the Genotypes Circulating in the Region. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:3068-3078. [PMID: 34165608 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02572-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Following recent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) outbreaks in Iranian poultry farms which were mostly associated with lesions of the avian gastrointestinal tract, it was speculated that the scale of the outbreaks could be attributed in part to co-circulating infectious agents or a new NDV genotype/subgenotype. This speculation was due to the isolation of a few 5th panzootic subgenotype VII.2 viruses from Iranian poultry farms in 2017. Samples from different species of commercial and domestic birds were collected from different provinces of Iran, 19 of which were selected for the current study. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the recent outbreaks have been caused by only one agent, i.e. the distinctive NDV subgenotype VII.1.1 (previously known VIIl) viruses that seem to be circulating predominantly in Iran, but have also been sporadically reported from Iraq among neighbouring countries. At most, 96.3-96.7% BLAST identity to non-Iranian VII.1.1 isolates was observed. Genetic distance values of <1% were indicative of high similarity between the isolates, but the values were approaximately 2% when the current isolates were compared to the earliest recorded Iranian VII.1.1 viruses isolated in 2010. Using Bayesian analysis, annual mutation rates of 1.7156E-3 (strict) and 1.9902E-3 (relaxed) over 11 years were obtained. In addition, we report that our laboratories have not detected any genotype XIII strains since 2011. Following up on previous reports, we concluded that currently, and except in Columbiforms, subgenotype VII.1.1 may likely be the predominant subgenotype in many bird species in Iran despite the subgenotype VII.2 being predominant in neighbouring countries.
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Molouki A, Soltani M, Akhijahani MM, Merhabadi MHF, Abtin A, Shoushtari A, Langeroudi AG, Lim SHE, Allahyari E, Abdoshah M, Pourbakhsh SA. Circulation of at Least Six Distinct Groups of Pigeon-Derived Newcastle Disease Virus in Iran Between 1996 and 2019. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:2672-2681. [PMID: 34008101 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02505-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
According to the latest Newcastle disease virus (NDV) classification system, Iranian PPMV-1 isolates were classified as either XXI.1.1 or XXI.2 subgenotypes only. However, a few recent studies have suggested the possible existence of other Iranian PPMV-1 genotypes/subgenotypes. Recently, we isolated a PPMV-1 closely related to the African origin subgenotype VI.2.1.2 from an ill captive pigeon in a park aviary in central Tehran (Pg/IR/AMMM160/2019). This subgenotype had never been reported from Iran or neighboring countries. We also isolated a subgenotype VII.1.1 NDV (Pg/IR/AMMM117/2018), usually reported from non-pigeon birds in Iran. The nucleotide distance of AMMM117 was 1.0-2.5% compared to other Iranian subgenotypes VII.1.1 isolates. However, usually the same year VII.1.1 viruses that we isolate from Iranian poultry farms show negligible distances (0.0-0.5%). More isolates are required to study if this difference is due to subgenotype VII.1.1 being circulated and mutated in pigeons. Here, we also characterized two other isolates, namely Pg/IR/AMMM168/2019 and Pg/IR/MAM39/2017. The latter is the first Iranian subgenotype XXI.1.1 to be featured in the NDV datasets of the international NDV consortium. We also investigated the phylogenetic relation of all the published Iranian pigeon-derived NDV to date and updated the grouping according to the latest classification system. We have concluded that at least six different groups of pigeon-derived NDV have been circulating in Iran since 1996, four of which have been reported from just one city over the last seven years. This study suggests that the Iranian pigeon-origin NDV have been more diverse than the Iranian poultry-derived NDV in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidin Molouki
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnostics, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soltani
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnostics, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Mahmoudzadeh Akhijahani
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnostics, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Fallah Merhabadi
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnostics, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Abtin
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnostics, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Abdelhamid Shoushtari
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnostics, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Swee Hua Erin Lim
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology, 41012, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mohammad Abdoshah
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnostics, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Pourbakhsh
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnostics, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
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Esmaeelzadeh Dizaji R, Ghalyanchilangeroudi A, Vasfi Marandi M, Hosseini H, Karimi V, Ziafatikafi Z, Molouki A, Fallah Mehrabadi MH. Complete genome sequence of a subgenotype XXI.1.1 pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 virus (PPMV‑1) isolated from Iran in 2018 and phylogenetic analysis of a possible novel, but unassigned, PPMV-1 group isolated in 2014. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 73:101565. [PMID: 33126169 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most serious infectious and contagious viral diseases in avian species. Recently, several ND outbreaks in pigeon caused by pigeon paramyxovirus serotype-1 (PPMV-1) have been reported from Iran, but unfortunately, phylogenetic studies have been mostly conducted on partial sequence of NDV fusion (F) gene. In addition, a complete genome data of Iranian PPMV-1 strains are not available. In the present study, a PPMV-1, named Avian avulavirus 1/pigeon/Iran/UT-EGV/2018, isolated from an infected pigeon, was subjected to whole-genome sequencing. The isolate showed an MDT of 74 h, thus categorizing it as mesogenic. The phylogenetic analysis based on the F gene sequence revealed the isolate belongs to XXI.1.1 subgenotype (min 0.9 % and max 3 %). To our knowledge, our study is the first study to publish the complete genome of a PPMV-1 from Iran. According to BLAST results, the whole genome of UT-EGV had high homology with some Russian, Egyptian and Ukrainian strains (the highest was 96.55 %). Additionally, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis on five PPMV-1 that we isolated in 2014 to find that they may belong to a completely unreported subgenotype (6 % distance when compared as a group). The information obtained from this study can be useful in preventive measures, including constructing an effective vaccine against PPMV-1 in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Esmaeelzadeh Dizaji
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Vasfi Marandi
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran
| | - Vahid Karimi
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ziafatikafi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aidin Molouki
- Department of Poultry Diseases, RAZI Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Fallah Mehrabadi
- Department of Poultry Diseases, RAZI Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
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Comparative pathogenicity of two closely related Newcastle disease virus isolates from chicken and pigeon respectively. Virus Res 2020; 286:198091. [PMID: 32659306 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND), caused by virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is a highly contagious disease that has led to tremendous economic losses worldwide. Pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) is an antigenic and host variant of NDV. However, limited in-depth studies are available concerning side-by-side comparison of pathogenicity of PPMV-1 and its phylogenetically close NDV both in chickens and pigeons. To this end, two phylogenetically closely related NDV isolates, Kuwait 256 and JS/07/04/Pi from chicken and pigeon respectively were pathotypically and genotypically characterized in this study. The results indicated that Kuwait 256 was a velogenic strain, while JS/07/04/Pi was a mesogenic strain based on the mean death time of chick embryos (MDT) and intracerebral pathogenicity index in 1-day-old chicks (ICPI). Pathogenicity tests showed that Kuwait 256 caused severe clinical signs and 100 % mortality, while JS/07/04/Pi caused no apparent disease in chickens. Interestingly, both Kuwait 256 and JS/07/04/Pi caused morbidity and mortality in pigeons. Notably, pigeons infected with JS/07/04/Pi exhibited viral shedding for longer time compared to Kuwait 256-infected pigeons. Collectively, the findings of this study suggested that PPMV-1 decreased the pathogenicity in chickens but gained a survival advantage over NDV of chicken origin after its adaptive variation in pigeons based on the previous evidence that PPMV-1 originated from chicken-origin viruses. This study laid the foundation for the elucidation of the molecularmechanism underlying difference in pathogenicity of PPMV-1 and chicken-origin NDV in chickens.
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