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Nour I, Alvarez-Narvaez S, Harrell TL, Conrad SJ, Mohanty SK. Whole Genomic Constellation of Avian Reovirus Strains Isolated from Broilers with Arthritis in North Carolina, USA. Viruses 2023; 15:2191. [PMID: 38005869 PMCID: PMC10675200 DOI: 10.3390/v15112191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian reovirus (ARV) is an emerging pathogen which causes significant economic challenges to the chicken and turkey industry in the USA and globally, yet the molecular characterization of most ARV strains is restricted to a single particular gene, the sigma C gene. The genome of arthrogenic reovirus field isolates (R18-37308 and R18-38167), isolated from broiler chickens in North Carolina (NC), USA in 2018, was sequenced using long-read next-generation sequencing (NGS). The isolates were genotyped based on the amino acid sequence of sigma C (σC) followed by phylogenetic and amino acid analyses of the other 11 genomically encoded proteins for whole genomic constellation and genetic variation detection. The genomic length of the NC field strains was 23,494 bp, with 10 dsRNA segments ranging from 3959 bp (L1) to 1192 bp (S4), and the 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of all the segments were found to be conserved. R18-37308 and R18-38167 were found to belong to genotype (G) VI based on the σC analysis and showed nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity ranging from 84.91-98.47% and 83.43-98.46%, respectively, with G VI strains. Phylogenetic analyses of individual genes of the NC strains did not define a single common ancestor among the available completely sequenced ARV strains. Nevertheless, most sequences supported the Chinese strain LY383 as a probable ancestor of these isolates. Moreover, amino acid analysis revealed multiple amino acid substitution events along the entirety of the genes, some of which were unique to each strain, which suggests significant divergence owing to the accumulation of point mutations. All genes from R18-37308 and R18-38167 were found to be clustered within genotypic clusters that included only ARVs of chicken origin, which negates the possibility of genetic pooling or host variation. Collectively, this study revealed sequence divergence between the NC field strains and reference ARV strains, including the currently used vaccine strains could help updating the vaccination regime through the inclusion of these highly divergent circulating indigenous field isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sujit K. Mohanty
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), US National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (I.N.); (S.A.-N.); (T.L.H.); (S.J.C.)
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Genetic and pathogenic characteristics of two novel/recombinant avian orthoreovirus. Vet Microbiol 2022; 275:109601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Yan T, Guo L, Jiang X, Wang H, Yao Z, Zhu S, Diao Y, Tang Y. Discovery of a novel recombinant avian orthoreovirus in China. Vet Microbiol 2021; 260:109094. [PMID: 34271302 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In mid-2020, using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, we identified a recombinant cluster 2 avian orthoreovirus (ARV) variant named PHC-2020-0545, isolated from tendons of 33-day-old broilers with leg swelling in China. Complete genomic sequencing and analyses demonstrated that the isolate was genetically significantly distinct from known ARV strains in M1 and M3 genes and its σC coding gene had an extremely high variability, compared with the identified ARV strains grouped into other genotyping cluster. Further analysis showed that many base substitutions were silent and non-silent substitutions are most likely to occur in the first positions of codons. Multiple segmental recombination, intra-segmental recombination and accumulation of point mutations might contribute to the emergence of this isolate. The PHC-2020-0545 strain had a strong replication ability in 1-day-old broilers, and mainly affected the movement, digestion and metabolism of broilers. In addition, the infection route of the isolate is related to its pathogenicity to broilers. Therefore, combined with its unique genetic characteristics and potential origin, we determined that the PHC-2020-0545 field strain is a novel recombinant ARV strain, which has certain reference value for the preparation and evaluation of new vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Liuchuan Guo
- College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Xiaoning Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Zhonghui Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Siming Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
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Jiang X, Lin Y, Yang J, Wang H, Li C, Teng X, Tang Y, Diao Y. Genetic characterization and pathogenicity of a divergent broiler-origin orthoreovirus causing arthritis in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:3552-3562. [PMID: 33342050 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Since 2013, there have been an increasing number of cases of arthritis in broilers caused by avian orthoreovirus (ARV) in China, and the virus remains highly virulent in chicks with high-level maternal antibodies. However, little information is available about the complete gene analysis and pathogenicity of the epidemic ARVs. In the study, the ARV strain (V-ARV-SD26) was isolated from broilers associated with arthritis in Shandong Province. To genetically characterize the ARV strain, the whole-genome sequencing was conducted by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique. Sequence analysis demonstrated that V-ARV-SD26 might have acquired its current genomic composition through several homologous and, in case of the λC, μA and σB, divergent reassortment events. To further investigate the pathogenicity of the strain, 160 one-day-old Ross broilers with maternal antibodies were equally divided into four groups (foodpad-, eye mucosa- and intramuscular-inoculated groups and the negative control group), three experimental groups were inoculated separately with the low-dose virus fluid, and the negative control was equally inoculated with sterile PBS. The results showed that the symptoms of broilers in foodpad inoculation group were the most serious, while that of the eye mucosa infection group were the mildest. Meanwhile, the cloacal cotton swabs and organs were collected for qRT-PCR detection to evaluate the infection status. In conclusion, these findings indicate that V-ARV-SD26 is a divergent ARV strain, which provide experimental data for the prevention and control of newly emerged reovirus, and have a certain reference value for the preparation and evaluation of new vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Chong Li
- Hebei Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiangyan Teng
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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Lu H, Tang Y, Dunn PA, Wallner-Pendleton EA, Lin L, Knoll EA. Isolation and molecular characterization of newly emerging avian reovirus variants and novel strains in Pennsylvania, USA, 2011-2014. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14727. [PMID: 26469681 PMCID: PMC4606735 DOI: 10.1038/srep14727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian reovirus (ARV) infections of broiler and turkey flocks have caused significant clinical disease and economic losses in Pennsylvania (PA) since 2011. Most of the ARV-infected birds suffered from severe arthritis, tenosynovitis, pericarditis and depressed growth or runting-stunting syndrome (RSS). A high morbidity (up to 20% to 40%) was observed in ARV-affected flocks, and the flock mortality was occasionally as high as 10%. ARV infections in turkeys were diagnosed for the first time in PA in 2011. From 2011 to 2014, a total of 301 ARV isolations were made from affected PA poultry. The molecular characterization of the Sigma C gene of 114 field isolates, representing most ARV outbreaks, revealed that only 21.93% of the 114 sequenced ARV isolates were in the same genotyping cluster (cluster 1) as the ARV vaccine strains (S1133, 1733, and 2048), whereas 78.07% of the sequenced isolates were in genotyping clusters 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (which were distinct from the vaccine strains) and represented newly emerging ARV variants. In particular, genotyping cluster 6 was a new ARV genotype that was identified for the first time in 10 novel PA ARV variants of field isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaguang Lu
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Yi Tang
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Patricia A. Dunn
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Eva A. Wallner-Pendleton
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Lin Lin
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Eric A. Knoll
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
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Genomic characterization of a broiler reovirus field strain detected in Pennsylvania. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 31:177-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tang Y, Lu H, Sebastian A, Yeh YT, Praul CA, Albert IU, Zheng SY. Genomic characterization of a turkey reovirus field strain by Next-Generation Sequencing. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 32:313-21. [PMID: 25841748 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The genome of a turkey arthritis reovirus (TARV) field strain (Reo/PA/Turkey/22342/13), isolated from a turkey flock in Pennsylvania (PA) in 2013, has been sequenced using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) on the Illumina MiSeq platform. The genome of the PA TARV field strain was 23,496bp in length with 10 dsRNA segments encoding 12 viral proteins. The lengths of the genomic segments ranged from 1192bp (S4) to 3959bp (L1). The 5' and 3' conserved terminal sequences of the PA TARV field strain were similar to the two Minnesota (MN) TARVs (MN9 and MN10) published recently and avian orthoreovirus (ARV) reference strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of all 10 genome segments revealed that there was a low to significant nucleotide sequence divergence between the PA TARV field strain and reference TARV and ARV strains. Analysis of the PA TARV sequence indicates that this PA TARV field strain is a unique strain and is different from the TARV MN9 or MN10 in M2 segment genes and ARV S1133 vaccine strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tang
- Wiley Lab/Avian Virology, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Huaguang Lu
- Wiley Lab/Avian Virology, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Yin-Ting Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Craig A Praul
- Genomics Core Facility, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Istvan U Albert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Si-Yang Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
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