1
|
Hoddle MS, Antony B, El-Shafie HAF, Chamorro ML, Milosavljević I, Löhr B, Faleiro JR. Taxonomy, Biology, Symbionts, Omics, and Management of Rhynchophorus Palm Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Dryophthorinae). ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 69:455-479. [PMID: 38270987 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-013023-121139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Palm weevils, Rhynchophorus spp., are destructive pests of native, ornamental, and agricultural palm species. Of the 10 recognized species, two of the most injurious species, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus and Rhynchophorus palmarum, both of which have spread beyond their native range, are the best studied. Due to its greater global spread and damage to edible date industries in the Middle East, R. ferrugineus has received more research interest. Integrated pest management programs utilize traps baited with aggregation pheromone, removal of infested palms, and insecticides. However, weevil control is costly, development of resistance to insecticides is problematic, and program efficacy can be impaired because early detection of infestations is difficult. The genome of R. ferrugineus has been sequenced, and omics research is providing insight into pheromone communication and changes in volatile and metabolism profiles of weevil-infested palms. We outline how such developments could lead to new control strategies and early detection tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Hoddle
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA; ,
| | - Binu Antony
- Chair of Date Palm Research, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hamadttu A F El-Shafie
- Sustainable Date Palm Pest Management Research Program, Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Hofuf-Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia;
| | - M Lourdes Chamorro
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA;
| | - Ivan Milosavljević
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA; ,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Panzeri M, Mazza G, Bisi F, Mori E. Patterns of spatiotemporal activity of an alien lagomorph inferred through camera-trapping. MAMMAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-021-00557-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
3
|
Hoddle MS, Hoddle CD, Milosavljević I. How Far Can Rhynchophorus palmarum (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Fly? JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:1786-1795. [PMID: 32510131 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The palm weevil, Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.), was first recorded in San Diego County, CA in 2011 and breeding populations were recovered from infested Canary Islands date palms, Phoenix canariensis, in San Ysidro, San Diego County, in 2015. This palm pest presents a significant threat to California's edible date industry as Phoenix dactylifera is a recorded host for this weevil. The flight capabilities of R. palmarum are unknown which limits understanding of rates of natural dispersal. In response to this knowledge deficit, 24-h flight mill trials were conducted with field-collected male and female weevils. A total of 87 weevils (49 females and 38 males) were used in experiments, ~6% failed to fly >1 km in 24 h and were excluded from analyses. Of those 82 weevils flying >1 km in 24 h, the average distance flown by males and females was ~41 and ~53 km, respectively. Approximately 10% of females flew >100 km in 24 h, with two (~4%) females flying >140 km. The maximum recorded distance flown by a male weevil was 95 km. Flight activity was predominantly diurnal and flying weevils exhibited an average weight loss of ~18% while non-flying control weevils lost ~13% body weight in 24 h. The combined flight distances for male and female weevils exhibited a heavy-tailed platykurtic distribution. Flight mill data for R. palmarum are compared to similarly collected flight mill data for two other species of invasive palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) and Rhynchophorus vulneratus (Panzer).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Hoddle
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
- Center for Invasive Species Research, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mazza G, Marraccini D, Mori E, Priori S, Marianelli L, Roversi PF, Gargani E. Assessment of color response and activity rhythms of the invasive black planthopper Ricania speculum (Walker, 1851) using sticky traps. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 110:480-486. [PMID: 31822305 DOI: 10.1017/s000748531900083x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To be effective, management strategies of invasive alien species cannot ignore their spatiotemporal behavior particularly those exerting serious damages to human activities. The black planthopper Ricania speculum is an Asian insect that has been reported as an alien invasive species in Italy, where it threatens local plant diversity, including important crops. In our work, we analyzed the activity rhythms of this species through circular statistics and the efficiency of chromotropic traps to capture adult individuals. Captures were carried out in central Italy, where the black planthopper is showing a remarkable range expansion, after its first discovery in 2009. We observed that the species was mainly crepuscular, with a high intersexual activity overlap. Activity rhythms changed between July-August and September-October, with changing heliophany, but peaked at sunset and were the lowest in the second half of the night and early morning. The insects were mostly caught by green traps, particularly in September, which is the period of egg-laying inside the leaves; conversely, orange ones were avoided, and yellow ones captured proportionally to their local availability. Strategies for controlling this species should consider concentrating trapping effort during the activity peak, using green sticky traps to enhance the capture success of each trap, with the lowest impact over non-target species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mazza
- CREA Research Center for Plant Protection and Certification, Firenze, Italy
| | - Daniele Marraccini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emiliano Mori
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Priori
- CREA Research Center for Agricultural and Environment, Firenze, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisabetta Gargani
- CREA Research Center for Plant Protection and Certification, Firenze, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dell’Agnello F, Martini M, Mori E, Mazza G, Mazza V, Zaccaroni M. Winter activity rhythms of a rodent pest species in agricultural habitats. MAMMAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-019-00443-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
6
|
|
7
|
Cito A, Longo S, Mazza G, Dreassi E, Francardi V. Chemical evaluation of the Rhynchophorus ferrugineus larvae fed on different substrates as human food source. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2017; 23:529-539. [PMID: 28429609 DOI: 10.1177/1082013217705718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the chemical composition of the weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus larvae, traditionally used as human food in Asia and known worldwide as one of the most significant pest for palm trees. Total fat content and fatty acid composition were analyzed using standard methodologies in (1) weevil larvae reared on apple fruit slices and wild specimens collected from attacked (2) Phoenix canariensis and (3) Syagrus romanzoffiana palm trees. Total fat content was extremely high in all the specimens (ranged between 57.62 and 60.03% based on dry weight). Despite sharing the same prevalent fatty acids (myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, α-linoleic acid, and α-linolenic acid), fatty acid composition of the wild weevil larvae significantly differed from that of the specimens raised on apple fruit, due to the presence of other minor compounds. In general, a good balance between unsaturated fatty acids (∼53.68% of total fatty acids) and saturated fatty acids (∼43.41% of total fatty acids) and a low cholesterol content (74.61-152.32 mg/kg based on dry matter) were detected in all the specimens. Conversely, the weevil larvae did not represent a good source of α-tocopherol (14.17-26.22 mg/kg based on dry matter). The ability of the protein extracts obtained from the weevil larvae to inhibit in vitro the angiotensin-converting enzyme, the main enzyme involved in blood pressure regulation, was also investigated. To simulate gastrointestinal digestion process, protein extracts were hydrolyzed by the gastrointestinal enzymes. A significantly lower IC50 (0.588-0.623 mg/ml) was measured in all the protein extracts after enzymatic hydrolysis versus the corresponding crude protein extracts (3.270-3.752 mg/ml). Given that the weevil larvae are able to provide interesting benefits for human health, this study supports their use as human food not just in the native countries where they are traditionally consumed and farmed but also throughout the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Cito
- 1 CREA-ABP, Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrobiologia e Pedologia (ABP), Firenze, Italy
| | - Santi Longo
- 2 Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, Sez. Entomologia applicata, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazza
- 1 CREA-ABP, Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrobiologia e Pedologia (ABP), Firenze, Italy
| | - Elena Dreassi
- 3 Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Valeria Francardi
- 1 CREA-ABP, Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrobiologia e Pedologia (ABP), Firenze, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hoddle MS, Hoddle CD. How Far Can the Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus vulneratus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Fly? JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 109:629-636. [PMID: 26791820 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The palm weevil, Rhynchophorus vulneratus, is native to Southeast Asia and was recovered from an infested Canary Islands date palm in Laguna Beach, California, USA, in 2010. The detection of this potentially destructive palm pest initiated a detection, containment, and eradication program that was reliant, in part, on the deployment of bucket traps loaded with aggregation pheromone and baited with fermenting fruit. A key question that pertained to the deployment of traps was “how far can R. vulneratus fly?” This question could not be answered and in response to this knowledge deficit, computerized flight mill studies were conducted with field-captured R. vulneratus in an outdoor screen house in Sumatra, Indonesia. Of the 63 weevils tethered to flight mills, ∼27% failed to fly >1 km in 24 h and were excluded from analyses. In total, 46 weevils (35 females and 11 males) flew >1 km on flight mills and of these adults, the average total distance flown in 24 h was significantly greater for females (∼32 km) when compared with males (∼15 km). A small proportion of females (∼16%) flew 50-80 km, and one female flew 100.1 km in 24 h. Flying weevils exhibited an average weight loss of ∼13–17% and non-flying control weevils (n=27) lost 10–13% body weight in 24 h. The distribution of flight distances for female and male weevils combined was leptokurtic, which suggests that faster than expected spread by R. vulneratus may be possible in invaded areas.
Collapse
|
9
|
Hoddle MS, Hoddle CD, Faleiro JR, El-Shafie HAF, Jeske DR, Sallam AA. How Far Can the Red Palm Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Fly?: Computerized Flight Mill Studies With Field-Captured Weevils. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 108:2599-2609. [PMID: 26470385 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Adult Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) captured in pheromone-baited traps in commercial date palm orchards in the Al Ahsaa Directorate, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, were used in computerized flight mill studies to determine the flight characteristics of this highly invasive and destructive palm pest. Flight mill studies were run at three different time periods, winter (December), spring (March), and summer (May). Of the 192 weevils tethered to flight mills ∼30% failed to fly > 1 km. Of those weevils flying > 1 km (n = 139), 55% flew > 10 km, and of these flyers 5% flew > 50 km in 24 h. Flying weevils exhibited an average weight loss of 20-30% and nonflying control weevils lost ∼9-13% body weight in 24 h. Male and female weevils flying in summer (average laboratory temperature was ∼27°C) flew the longest average distances (∼25-35 km), exhibited highest weight reductions (∼30%), and greatest mortality rates (∼80%). Consequently, time of year not weevil sex or color morph had a consistent and significant effect on flight activity, weight loss, and survivorship rates. Flight activity was predominantly diurnal commencing around 5:00 a.m. and peaking between 9-11:00 a.m. before tapering off. The distribution of flight distances combined across season and sex was mesokurtic (i.e., normally distributed).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Hoddle
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521. Center for Invasive Species Research, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521.
| | - C D Hoddle
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - J R Faleiro
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Date Palm Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, PO Box 43, Al-Hassa 31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - H A F El-Shafie
- Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al Ahsaa-31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - D R Jeske
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - A A Sallam
- Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al Ahsaa-31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Paoli F, Dallai R, Cristofaro M, Arnone S, Francardi V, Roversi PF. Morphology of the male reproductive system, sperm ultrastructure and γ-irradiation of the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Oliv. (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae). Tissue Cell 2014; 46:274-85. [PMID: 25015762 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we describe the morphology of the male reproductive apparatus and sperm ultrastructure of the red palm weevil - an invasive pest of several palm tree species - as well as the most important steps of spermatogenesis. The reproductive apparatus consists of a pair of testes (each formed by two lobes) a long tube-like accessory gland, a prostate gland and a small accessory gland. Characteristic features of the sperm are 90-100 μm total length, 10 μm nucleus, two mitochondrial derivatives, two accessory bodies, one well-developed puff-like structure and a typical insect 9+9+2 flagellar axoneme. One of the methods used for the biological control of pests is the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), for the evaluation of which we make a preliminary comparison of the sperm ultrastructure of non-irradiated and irradiated weevils (at a dose of 80 Gray).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Paoli
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrobiologia e la Pedologia (CRA-ABP), via di Lanciola 12/a, Cascine del Riccio, 50125 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Romano Dallai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | | | - Silvia Arnone
- ENEA Casaccia, UTAGRI-ECO, via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy.
| | - Valeria Francardi
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrobiologia e la Pedologia (CRA-ABP), via di Lanciola 12/a, Cascine del Riccio, 50125 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Pio Federico Roversi
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrobiologia e la Pedologia (CRA-ABP), via di Lanciola 12/a, Cascine del Riccio, 50125 Firenze, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|