Synthesis of Amino Acid Derivatives of Neamine and 2-Deoxystreptamine to be used as Mutasynthons

Structural modifications of the neomycin class of aminoglycosides

This review encompasses comprehensive literature on synthetic modification and biological activities of clinically used neomycin-class aminoglycoside antibiotics to alleviate dose-related toxicity and pathogenic resistance.

A Short and Scalable Route to OrthogonallyO-Protected 2-Deoxystreptamine

A seven-step synthesis of orthogonally O-protected 2-deoxy-streptamine has been developed from readily available neomycin, with an overall yield of 28%. Key chemical transformations include a chemoselective glycosidic bond hydrolysis and two regioselective protective group manipulations involving acetylation and deacetylation. The synthetic route is amenable to scale-up for the production of multigram quantities of enantiopure and orthogonally O-protected 2-deoxystreptamine, a versatile scaffold for the generation of libraries of RNA-targeting ligands.

Synthesis of a library of stereo- and regiochemically diverse aminoglycoside derivatives

A library of forty modified aminoglycosides was prepared in which the configuration and regiochemistry of two or three rings was widely varied. The library was based around three core ring systems: the 2-deoxystreptamine ring system found in the natural products, and both enantiomers of (1R*,2R*,4R*,5R*)-2,5-diamino-cyclohexane-1,4-diol and (1R*,3R*,4R*,6R*)-4,6-diaminocyclohexane-1,3-diol. In each case, the core was modified by glycosylation with one or two sugar rings. The absolute configuration of the sugar substituents (d or l), the configuration of the anomeric centres (alpha or beta), and the regiochemical arrangement of the amine(s) were varied.

Novel 2,5-dideoxystreptamine derivatives targeting the ribosomal decoding site RNA

The ribosomal decoding site is the target of aminoglycoside antibiotics that specifically recognize an internal loop RNA structure. We synthesized RNA-targeted 2,5-dideoxystreptamine-4-amides in which a sugar moiety in natural aminoglycosides is replaced by heterocycles.

Sequence-specific recognition of the major groove of RNA by deoxystreptamine

Aminoglycoside antibiotics specifically interact with a variety of RNA sequences, and in particular with the decoding region of 16S ribosomal RNA in the aminoacyl tRNA acceptor site (A-site). Ring II of aminoglycosides (2-deoxystreptamine) is the most conserved element among aminoglycoside antibiotics that bind to the A-site. NMR structures of aminoglycoside-A-site RNA complexes suggested that the 2-deoxystreptamine core of aminoglycosides specifically recognizes (5')G-U(3') and potentially (5')G-G(3') or (5')U-G(3') steps in the major groove of RNA. Here, we show that isolated deoxystreptamine specifically interacts with G-U steps within the major groove of the A-site RNA. The bulge residue of A-site RNA is required to open the major groove for accommodation of deoxystreptamine. The chemical groups of deoxystreptamine presented to the RNA by the framework of the 6-carbon ring modulate RNA recognition.

Study of aminoglycoside-nucleic acid interactions by an HPLC method

The interactions of a number of aminoglycoside antibiotics with tRNA and DNA were studied by an HPLC method. based on tRNA and DNA peak size exclusion. Among the compounds studied (deoxystreptamine, neamine, neomycin B, kanamycin A, gentamicin A, netilmicin, streptomycin, and the synthetic neamine analogue BKN3), neomycin B and the synthetic analogue of neamine were proved to be the most potent binders.

Mass spectrometric studies on the fragmentation and structural characterization of aminoacyl derivatives of kanamycin A

Described herein are the fragmentation pathways of kanamycin A and its 6'-N- and 1-N-acyl derivatives, as well as the determination of their positional isomers by FABMS and ESIMS in combination with tandem mass spectrometry. The presence or absence of key ions and the difference in abundance of common ions are correlated with the position of the substitution.