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Suryanarayanan A. The Use of Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) Pharmaceutical Advertisements in Televised and Print Formats as a Teaching Tool in a Pharmacy Curriculum. PHARMACY 2021; 9:pharmacy9030149. [PMID: 34564556 PMCID: PMC8482131 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy9030149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall goal of this study was to employ direct-to-consumer advertisements (DTCAs) as a teaching tool in a Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) curriculum. The objectives of this pilot study were to investigate the following questions: 1. Do DTCAs generate student curiosity about the advertised drug and associated disease? 2. Can DTCAs help students understand and reinforce various pharmacological aspects of the drug? 3. How do students perceive DTCAs? A DTCA-based teaching tool was employed in a pharmacology course taken by P2 (second professional year) PharmD and final year (U4) Bachelor of Science (BS) in Pharmacology–Toxicology students. A voluntary online survey was administered to students to determine the effectiveness of this tool. Survey data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. 70–85% of responding students indicated that this teaching tool was an effective visual aid for learning pharmacology and correlating the drug to disease state, mechanism of action, and adverse effects. Moreover, themes identified from the qualitative analysis suggest that this teaching tool may be useful to enhance patient counseling skills in students. The initial implementation of this DTCA-based teaching tool proved to be successful, and a similar approach can be easily implemented in other pharmacotherapy and laboratory courses. Further studies are needed to determine if this approach can improve patient counseling skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Suryanarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Aikin KJ, Sullivan HW, Berktold J, Stein KL, Hoverman VJ. Consumers' experience with and attitudes toward direct-to-consumer prescription drug promotion: a nationally representative survey. Health Mark Q 2021; 38:1-11. [PMID: 34238134 DOI: 10.1080/07359683.2021.1947067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The way consumers get and seek health information reflects the current information landscape. To gather updated insights on consumer experiences with and attitudes towards direct-to-consumer (DTC) promotion of prescription drugs, we conducted a nationally representative survey of 1,744 US adults using a mail-push-to-web methodology with paper nonresponse follow-up. Results showed high exposure and indifferent attitudes to DTC promotion. Respondents reported DTC promotion has prompted action, particularly searches for more information, increased use of online resources, and some reported that they refused to take or stopped taking a prescription drug because they saw or heard about the drug's side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Aikin
- Office of Prescription Drug Promotion, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Helen W Sullivan
- Office of Prescription Drug Promotion, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Karen L Stein
- Social Policy & Economics, Westat, Inc, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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AlShammari M, Assiri G, bin Buraykan M, Almogbel Y, Arafah A, Bashatah A, AlRuthia Y. The Impact of Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertising on Public Knowledge of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Study on Over-the-Counter Proton Pump Inhibitors. Patient Prefer Adherence 2020; 14:635-642. [PMID: 32256054 PMCID: PMC7093092 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s245391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) to promote sales of over-the-counter (OTC) pharmaceuticals used to manage common medical conditions, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is increasing. However, the educational value of these advertisements as well as the public perceptions of this type of advertising remain largely unknown among non-English speaking populations. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the public perceptions and educational value of a short motion graphic video documenting the lifestyle of person with GERD and presenting a brief introduction to the role of proton pump Inhibitors (PPIs) in relieving the symptoms. METHODS This was a prospective quasi-experimental study in which a short mock advertising motion graphic video was shown to a sample of adult individuals in malls and shopping centers in different cities across Saudi Arabia. Participants were required to express their levels of agreement with six statements concerning their perceptions of DTCA of OTC drugs, and answer a quiz consisting of three questions and enquiries about their knowledge of GERD and the OTC drugs used in its treatment. RESULTS Two hundred and ninety-five participants were involved in this study, the majority of whom were female (55.30%). After watching the video, the percentages of participants who strongly agreed or agreed that DTCA is a credible source of information and encourages them to purchase the marketed drug have increased significantly (P<0.05). With regard to the quiz, the percentages of participants with correct answers regarding the definition of GERD, knowledge of OTC drugs for GERD, and awareness of the common side effects of PPIs increased from 81.69% to 95.93%, 69.83% to 96.27%, and 46.44% to 91.53%, respectively (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION DTCA of OTC drugs for GERD, particularly if the content complies with the regulatory requirements, can promote the public knowledge of the disease and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram AlShammari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadah Assiri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed bin Buraykan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Almogbel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azher Arafah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Bashatah
- Department of Nursing Education and Administration, College of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazed AlRuthia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacoeconomics Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Yazed AlRuthia Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaTel +996 114677483Fax +966 114677480 Email
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Yank V, Tribett E, Green L, Pettis J. Learning from marketing: Rapid development of medication messages that engage patients. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2015; 98:1025-1034. [PMID: 25913245 PMCID: PMC4684954 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To adapt marketing approaches in a health services environment. METHODS Researchers and advertising professionals partnered in developing advertising-style messages designed to activate patients pre-identified as having chronic kidney disease to ask providers about recommended medications. We assessed feasibility of the development process by evaluating partnership structure, costs, and timeframe. We tested messages with patients and providers using preliminary surveys to refine initial messages and subsequent focus groups to identify the most persuasive ones. RESULTS The partnership achieved an efficient structure, $14,550 total costs, and 4-month timeframe. The advertising team developed 11 initial messages. The research team conducted surveys and focus groups with a total of 13 patients and 8 providers to identify three messages as most activating. Focus group themes suggested the general approach of using advertising-style messages was acceptable if it supported patient-provider relationships and had a credible evidence base. Individual messages were more motivating if they elicited personal identification with imagery, particular emotions, active patient role, and message clarity. CONCLUSION We demonstrated feasibility of a research-advertising partnership and acceptability and likely impact of advertising-style messages on patient medication-seeking behavior. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Healthcare systems may want to replicate our adaptation of marketing approaches to patients with chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Yank
- General Medical Disciplines, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.
| | - Erika Tribett
- General Medical Disciplines, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | | | - Jasmine Pettis
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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Sullivan HW, Campbell M. Do Prescription Drug Ads Tell Consumers Enough About Benefits and Side Effects? Results From the Health Information National Trends Survey, Fourth Administration. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2015; 20:1391-1396. [PMID: 26120940 PMCID: PMC7289286 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2015.1018635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising (DTCA) is a major source of consumer information about prescription drugs. The present study updates 2002 U.S. Food and Drug Administration phone survey questions that found that 44% and 61% of consumers thought that DTCA did not include enough information about benefits and risks, respectively. The present study was administered by mail using a nationally representative sample, and provides a more in-depth understanding of how these beliefs relate to demographic and health characteristics. Data collected from 3,959 respondents to the National Cancer Institute's 2011 Health Information National Trends Survey find results similar to the 2002 survey: 46% and 52% of respondents thought that DCTA did not include enough information about benefits and risks, respectively. Respondents fell into four groups: 23% agreed that DTCA tells enough about drug benefits and risks, 41% disagreed, 18% expressed no opinion, and 18% had discordant beliefs. DTCA attitudes were negatively associated with education, income, and whether respondents purchase prescription drugs; attitudes were positively associated with whether respondents understand prescription drug information. This study confirms that a plurality of Americans believe that DTCA does not include enough information about benefits and risks, suggesting that the educational effect of DTCA could be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen W Sullivan
- a U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , Maryland , USA
| | - Miriam Campbell
- a U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , Maryland , USA
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Wood KS, Cronley ML. Then and Now: Examining How Consumer Communication and Attitudes of Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertising Have Changed in the Last Decade. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2014; 29:814-825. [PMID: 24228626 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2013.803437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study examines changes over a 10-year period in consumer reports of communication with health care providers about direct-to-consumer advertised (DTCA) medications. Two rounds of survey data were collected in 2003 and 2012 using repeated cross-sectional procedures to examine consumer willingness to discuss DTCA medications, content and tone of those conversations, and attitudes about the advertisements. In total, 472 surveys were analyzed. Generally, we found physician-patient conversations, attitudes, and behaviors regarding DTCA have changed. Consumers in 2012 reported talking significantly less about the names of the advertised drug, comparing the advertised drug with their current medication, and sharing general information than consumers in 2003. Attitudes toward the advertisements were significantly more negative in 2012 compared to 2003. Of those who specifically asked for a prescription, the proportion of patients who received the prescription was significantly lower in 2012, despite research suggesting increased rates of prescriptions. These results are interpreted in light of previous research about the lack of research examining the actual communication between physicians and patients on this topic. Limitations of the study are provided along with directions for future research about DTCA and physician-patient communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly S Wood
- a Department of Communication , Missouri State niversity
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Ball J, Mackert M. Pharmaceutical advertising practitioners' approach to trust and emotion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND HEALTHCARE MARKETING 2013. [DOI: 10.1108/ijphm-04-2013-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Al-Haddad MS, Hamam F, Al-Shakhshir SM. General public knowledge, perceptions and practice towards pharmaceutical drug advertisements in the Western region of KSA. Saudi Pharm J 2013; 22:119-26. [PMID: 24648823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to examine general public knowledge and behavior toward pharmaceutical advertisements in the Western part of KSA. A cross sectional convenience sampling technique was used in this study. A total of 1445 valid questionnaires were received and analyzed using SPSS version 16 at alpha value of 0.05. Majority of respondents were aware of different types of drugs to be advertised and drug advertisements should seek approval from the health authorities. Television and Internet showed the highest effect on consumers. Almost half of the participants preferred an advertised drug over non-advertised one. Most of the respondents indicated that the quality of frequently advertised drugs is not better than those prescribed by the doctors. Majority of participants had positive beliefs toward advertised drugs concerning their role in education and spreading of awareness among the public. Pharmaceutical advertisements harm the doctor-patient relationship as evidenced by one-third of the investigated sample. Moreover, majority of the participants mentioned that they would consult another doctor or even change the current doctor if he/she refused to prescribe an advertised medication. Results of this study could be used to develop awareness programs for the general public and try to enforce the regulations and policies to protect the general public and patients from the business oriented pharmaceutical companies and drug suppliers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud S Al-Haddad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayez Hamam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami M Al-Shakhshir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Limbu YB, Huhmann BA, Peterson RT. An examination of humor and endorser effects on consumers' responses to direct‐to‐consumer advertising. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND HEALTHCARE MARKETING 2012. [DOI: 10.1108/17506121211216888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Leader AE, Cashman R, Voytek CD, Baker JL, Brawner BM, Frank I. An exploratory study of adolescent female reactions to direct-to-consumer advertising: the case of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine. Health Mark Q 2011; 28:372-385. [PMID: 22054031 DOI: 10.1080/07359683.2011.630289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
When the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was approved in 2006, an extensive direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising campaign raised awareness and promoted vaccination. This study explores adolescents' exposure to and understanding of the messages in these advertisements. Sixty-seven African American females participated in a focus group about DTC advertising for the HPV vaccine. Virtually all adolescents had seen an HPV vaccine DTC advertisement, but most did not understand the health information contained in it. If DTC advertising is to be an effective source of health information for adolescents in the future, it must take into account the unique features of an adolescent audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Leader
- a Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania
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Handelsman Y, Jellinger PS. Overcoming Obstacles in Risk Factor Management in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2011; 13:613-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2011.00490.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
The direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) phenomenon has received attention because of its attempt to reach out to consumers by bypassing important gatekeepers such as physicians. The emergence of new information platforms and the introduction of genetic tests directly to the consumer have heightened the concern with DTCA and its potential consequences. These effects of DTCA are particularly important given the communication inequalities among social groups, with class, race and ethnicity influencing how people access, seek, process and act on information. This Science and Society article reviews the major issues regarding general and cancer-related DTCA and also offers data from a national survey in the United States as an example of the communication inequalities in genetic testing awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Z Kontos
- Lung Cancer Disparities Center, Harvard University, School of Public Health Department of Society, Human Development and Health, Boston MA 02215, USA
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Bell RA, Taylor LD, Kravitz RL. Do antidepressant advertisements educate consumers and promote communication between patients with depression and their physicians? PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2010; 81:245-250. [PMID: 20176456 PMCID: PMC2891933 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2010.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine how online depression support group members respond to direct-to-consumer (DTC) antidepressant advertising. METHODS Survey of 148 depression forum members, administered via an online questionnaire. RESULTS Chronicity was high, as 79.1% had received a diagnosis of depression 3 or more years earlier. Respondents reported seeing advertisements for an average of 4.3 of seven brands investigated. A majority rated the information quality of these advertisements as "poor" or "fair." Attitudes toward antidepressant advertisements were neutral (mean: 2.96 on a five-point scale). More than half (52.4%) visited official websites provided in these advertisements, 39.9% had talked with a doctor after seeing an advertisement, 20.3% made an advertisement-induced prescription request, and 25.7% said these advertisements reminded them to take their antidepressants. Amount of attention given to these advertisements correlated positively with belief in the brain chemical imbalance causal model, but belief in this model did not predict prescription requests. CONCLUSION Awareness of DTC antidepressant advertisements is high among individuals with depression, but so is skepticism. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Among members of an online support group, these advertisements encourage patient-doctor dialogue, prescription requests, and adherence, but might also reduce the acceptability of psychotherapy and encourage doctor switching in a small number of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Bell
- Department of Communication, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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