Korean Patient-Perceived Satisfaction Scale of Community-Based Case Management Services (Korean-PSCCM): Development and Psychometric Evaluation

Case Management Improves Satisfaction, Anxiety, and Depression of Patients with Pregnancy Loss after In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer

Objective

Pregnancy loss has negative impacts on both the physical and the mental health of expectant mothers, which calls for an in-depth investigation. In this study, we examined the effects of case management on patients with pregnancy loss after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET).

Methods

100 participants that had suffered pregnancy loss after IVF-ET-assisted pregnancy from January 2019 to March 2020 were divided into routine care and case management groups, each with 50 cases. For the routine care group, a doctor led the diagnostic and treatment processes and a nurse assisted with the treatment. For the case management group, a nurse led the patient diagnostic and treatment processes and a doctor controlled the diagnosis and treatment plan formulation. Case management models were established according to the comprehensive peripregnancy loss care of patients with pregnancy loss after IVF-ET-assisted pregnancy. The participants' outcomes (satisfaction, anxiety, and depression) were assessed at the time of pregnancy loss and 1 and 3 months after pregnancy loss during follow-up of the routine care and case management groups.

Results

There was no statistical difference between the patients in the two groups with regard to their general information statistics (P > 0.05) or their satisfaction, anxiety, and depression at the time of pregnancy loss (P > 0.05). One month after pregnancy loss, there was no statistical difference in anxiety between the two groups (P > 0.05), but satisfaction was greater and depression was significantly reduced in the case management group compared with the routine care group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Case management care can have a positive effect on improving the satisfaction, anxiety, and depression of patients that have had pregnancy loss after IVF-ET.

Validation and reliability of the Care Vulnerability Index: A study by interrater agreement and test-retest method

Aim

The aim of this study is to determine the validity and reliability of the Care Vulnerability Index (CVI) as a tool to estimate the need and competence of care.

Design

A cross‐sectional survey including a longitudinal component.

Methods

Content validity ratio (CVR) was calculated by interrater agreement of a group of 11 experts in two rounds. The test–retest analysis was measured in an urban population of Colombia with 96 participants through two statistical tests: Pearson's correlation coefficient and the difference in means.

Results

Care Vulnerability Index turned out to be valid with a CVR of 0.879. Reliability by Pearson correlation between test–retest was 0.912 (CI95: 0.872–0.941; p‐value <.01) and there was no significant mean difference between test and retest in global score and in clustered groups of variables. Validating CVI will make it possible to prioritize healthcare resources in the population and identify people susceptible to care problems.

Development and evaluation of the Directive and Nondirective Support Scale for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Objectives

This study aims to develop the Directive and Nondirective Support Scale for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (DNSS-T2DM) to measure diabetes-specific support and patients' preference as well as evaluate the construct validity and reliability of the DNSS-T2DM.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tongzhou District, Beijing, China from July to September 2015. A total of 474 participants who had been diagnosed as type 2 diabetes by physicians and completed the DNSS-T2DM were included. The original 11-item DNSS-T2DM contains five items on nondirective support (Items 1-5) and six items on directive support (Items 6-11). There were two parallel questions for each item with one to measure the preference for support (Preference part) and the other to measure the perception of support in reality (Reality part). The final DNSS-T2DM was determined based on the results of the exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The construct validity of the final DNSS-T2DM was evaluated by the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The reliability was evaluated by internal consistency with Cronbach's α coefficients.

Results

A final 7-item DNSS-T2DM loaded on 2 factors with four items representing nondirective support and three items representing directive support was determined based on the EFA. The CFA indicated a satisfactory construct validity. The internal consistency of the 7-item DNSS-T2DM as well as the nondirective support items was satisfactory with Cronbach's α ≥ 0.70.

Conclusions

Our study supported the validity and reliability of the 7-item DNSS-T2DM. Further studies on the application of the DNSS-T2DM in different settings and population are needed.

Factors Influencing Patient-Perceived Satisfaction With Community-Based Case Management Services

This study aimed to identify factors that significantly affect patient-perceived satisfaction with community-based case management services and provide practical strategies for improving patient-perceived quality of care. Secondary data analyses were performed in 2010, 2013, 2015, and 2016, which included Pearson's and Spearman's correlation, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests, and stepwise multiple regression. The response variable was measured by the Korean Patient-Perceived Satisfaction Scale of Community-Based Case Management Services (Korean-PSCCM; a 10-level Likert-type scale), whereas explanatory variables were derived from prior studies. Significant predictors of patient-perceived satisfaction with community-based case management services included "capacity to change," "patient-perceived time spent with a case manager," "support/advocacy," "working period," and "emotional connectedness."