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Ribeiro LR, Magalhães EP, Barroso Gomes ND, Cavalcante JW, Gomes Maia MM, Marinho MM, Dos Santos HS, Marinho ES, Sampaio TL, Costa Martins AM, Paula Pessoa Bezerra de Menezes RR. Elongation on aliphatic chain improves selectivity of 2-hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl chalcone on Trypanosoma cruzi. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:11-26. [PMID: 38084595 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Our objective was to investigate the trypanocidal effect of the chalcone (2E,4E)-1-(2-hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dien-1-one (CPNC). Material & methods: Cytotoxicity toward LLC-MK2 host cells was assessed by MTT assay, and the effect on Trypanosoma cruzi life forms (epimastigotes, trypomastigotes and amastigotes) was evaluated by counting. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to evaluate the possible mechanisms of action. Finally, molecular docking simulations were performed to evaluate interactions between CPNC and T. cruzi enzymes. Results: CPNC showed activity against epimastigote, trypomastigote and amastigote life forms, induced membrane damage, increased cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction on T. cruzi. Regarding molecular docking, CPNC interacted with both trypanothione reductase and TcCr enzymes. Conclusion: CPNC presented a trypanocidal effect, and its effect is related to oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyanna Rodrigues Ribeiro
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Paula Magalhães
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Márcia Machado Marinho
- State University of Vale do Acaraú, Center for Exact Sciences & Technology, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Hélcio Silva Dos Santos
- State University of Vale do Acaraú, Center for Exact Sciences & Technology, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Silva Marinho
- Theoretical & Eletrochemical Chemistry Research Group, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Tiago Lima Sampaio
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Alice Maria Costa Martins
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ramon Róseo Paula Pessoa Bezerra de Menezes
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Geysillene Castro Matos M, da Silva LP, Wagner Queiroz Almeida-Neto F, Machado Marinho E, Róseo Paula Pessoa Bezerra de Menezes R, Lima Sampaio T, Nunes da Rocha M, Rodrigues Ribeiro L, Paula Magalhaes E, Rodrigues Teixeira AM, Dos Santos HS, Marinho ES, de Lima-Neto P, Costa Martins AM, Monteiro NKV, Machado Marinho M. Quantum mechanical, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, ADMET and antiproliferative activity on Trypanosoma cruzi (Y strain) of chalcone ( E)-1-(2-hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one derived from a natural product. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:5052-5069. [PMID: 35144275 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04992e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a leading public health problem. More than 8 million people are affected by the disease, which is endemic in 21 countries in Latin America, generating an average annual cost of 7.2 billion dollars per year. The conventional treatment of Chagas disease is carried out by administering the drug benznidazole (BZN), which has caused numerous adverse reactions. Hence, the search for new, more efficient, and less toxic anti-chagasic agents is essential. Recently, chalcones have been researched to propose new therapies against neglected diseases, mainly Trypanosoma cruzi. The objective of this work was to evaluate for the first time the antiproliferative potential of chalcone derived from the natural product on T. cruzi strain Y. The molecular structure of the chalcone was confirmed by spectrometric data. The toxicity of chalcone in LLC-MK2 cells indicated that a concentration of 514.10 ± 62.40 μM was able to reduce cell viability by 50%. Regarding the effect of chalcone on epimastigote forms, an IC50 value of 46.57 ± 9.81 μM was observed; 45.92 ± 8.42 and 16.32 ± 3.41 μM at times of 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively. The chalcone was able to eliminate trypomastigote forms at all concentrations tested, except for 31.25 μM, with LC50 values of 117.90 ± 12.60 μM, lower than the reference drug BZN (161.40 ± 31. 80 μM). The mechanism of action may be related to the membrane damage provoked by reduction of the mitochondrial potential. The anti-T. cruzi effect can be assigned through some structural aspects of the chalcone as the nitro group (NO2) is present, which can be enzymatically reduced forming a nitro radical, and the presence of methoxyl groups in the A ring of the chalcone. In silico studies showed that the chalcone had a higher affinity for cruzain when compared to BZN and the co-crystallized inhibitor KB2, as it presented a more thermodynamically stable complex in the order of -6.9 kcal mol-1. The pharmacokinetic prediction showed a significant probability of antiprotozoal activity, a good volume of distribution after being absorbed in the intestine, and a low chance of activity in the central nervous system. Therefore, these results suggest that the chalcone can become a potential cruzain enzyme inhibitor with trypanocidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Geysillene Castro Matos
- State University of Ceará, Center for Science and Technology, Postgraduate Program in Natural Sciences, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Paes da Silva
- Federal University of Ceará, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Emanuelle Machado Marinho
- Federal University of Ceará, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago Lima Sampaio
- Federal University of Ceará, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Matheus Nunes da Rocha
- State University of Ceará, Faculty of Philosophy Dom Aureliano Matos, Limoeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Lyanna Rodrigues Ribeiro
- Federal University of Ceará, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Paula Magalhaes
- Federal University of Ceará, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Hélcio Silva Dos Santos
- State University of Ceará, Center for Science and Technology, Postgraduate Program in Natural Sciences, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. .,State University of Vale do Acaraú, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Sobral, CE, Brazil.,Regional University of Cariri, Department of Biological Chemistry, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Silva Marinho
- State University of Ceará, Faculty of Philosophy Dom Aureliano Matos, Limoeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil.,Regional University of Cariri, Department of Biological Chemistry, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Pedro de Lima-Neto
- Federal University of Ceará, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Alice Maria Costa Martins
- Federal University of Ceará, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Norberto K V Monteiro
- State University of Ceará, Center for Science and Technology, Postgraduate Program in Natural Sciences, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Márcia Machado Marinho
- Faculty of Education, Science and Letters of Iguatu, State University of Ceará, Iguatu, CE, Brazil
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