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Choudhury AA, Arumugam M, Ponnusamy N, Sivaraman D, Sertsemariam W, Thiruvengadam M, Pandiaraj S, Rahaman M, Devi Rajeswari V. Anti-diabetic drug discovery using the bioactive compounds of Momordica charantia by molecular docking and molecular dynamics analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38334124 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2313156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multifactorial life-threatening endocrine disease characterized by abnormalities in glucose metabolism. It is a chronic metabolic disease that involves multiple enzymes such as α-amylase and α-glucosidases. Inhibition of these enzymes has been identified as a promising method for managing diabetes, and researchers are currently focusing on discovering novel α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors for diabetes therapy. Hence, we have selected 12 bioactive compounds from the Momordica charantia (MC) plant and performed a virtual screening and molecular dynamics investigation to identify natural inhibitors of α-amylase and α-glucosidases. Our in silico result revealed that phytocompound Rutin showed the highest binding affinity against α-amylase (1HNY) enzymes at (-11.68 kcal/mol), followed by Karaviloside II (-9.39), Momordicoside F (-9.19), Campesterol (-9.11. While docking against α-glucosidases (4J5T), Rutin again showed the greatest binding affinity (-11.93 kcal/mol), followed by Momordicine (-9.89), and Campesterol (-8.99). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation research is currently the gold standard for drug design and discovery. Consequently, we conducted simulations of 100 nanoseconds (ns) to assess the stability of protein-ligand complexes based on parameters like RMSD, RMSF, RG, PCA, and FEL. The significance of our findings indicates that rutin from MC might serve as an effective natural therapeutic agent for diabetes management due to its strongest binding affinities with α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Further research in animals and humans is essential to validate the efficacy of these drug molecules.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Alam Choudhury
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, India
| | - Mohanapriya Arumugam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, India
| | - Nirmaladevi Ponnusamy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, India
| | | | - Woldie Sertsemariam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, India
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Saravanan Pandiaraj
- Department of Self-Development Skills, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafizur Rahaman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - V Devi Rajeswari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, India
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T FX, R S, A K FR, S B, R K, M A, S V, S P, S A, K S, M T. Phytochemical composition, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic effects of Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. leaves: in vitro and in silico assessments. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-27. [PMID: 38180058 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2300124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to screen the chemical components of Solanum elaeagnifolium leaves and assess their therapeutic attributes with regard to their antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic activities. The antidiabetic effects were explored to determine the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of the leaf extract. To identify the active antidiabetic drugs from the extracts, the GC-MS-screened molecules were docked with diabetes-related proteins using the glide module in the Schrodinger Tool. In addition, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed for 100 ns to evaluate the binding stability of the docked complex using the Desmond module. The ethyl acetate had a significant total phenolic content (TPC), with a value of 79.04 ± 0.98 mg/g GAE. The ethanol extract was tested for its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for its bacteriostatic properties. It suppressed the growth of B. subtilis, E. coli, P. vulgaris, R. equi and S. epidermis at a dosage of 118.75 µg/mL. Moreover, the IC50 values of the ethanol extract were determined to be 17.78 ± 2.38 in the α-amylase and and 27.90 ± 5.02 µg/mL in α-glucosidase. The in-silico investigation revealed that cyclolaudenol achieved docking scores of -7.94 kcal/mol for α-amylase. Likewise, the α-tocopherol achieved the docking scores of -7.41 kcal/mol for glycogen phosphorylase B and -7.21 kcal/mol for phosphorylase kinase. In the MD simulations, the cyclolaudenol and α-tocopherol complexes exhibited consistently stable affinities with diabetic proteins throughout the trajectory. Based on these findings, we conclude that this plant could be a good source for the development of novel antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic agents.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Xavier T
- Ethnopharmacological Research Unit, PG and Research Department of Botany, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sabitha R
- Ethnopharmacological Research Unit, PG and Research Department of Botany, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Freeda Rose A K
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balavivekananthan S
- Ethnopharmacological Research Unit, PG and Research Department of Botany, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kariyat R
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley, W University Dr, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Ayyanar M
- PG and Research Department of Botany, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Poondi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijayakumar S
- PG and Research Department of Botany, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Poondi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prabhu S
- Division of Phytochemistry and Drug Design, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Amalraj S
- Division of Phytochemistry and Drug Design, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Shine K
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thiruvengadam M
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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