Synthesis, structure elucidation, SC-XRD/DFT, molecular modelling simulations and DNA binding studies of 3,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole chalcones

Synthesis, In-Silico Biochemical Properties, and In-Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Some Farmazans-Sulfonamide Derivatives

The low effectiveness of currently available antibiotics is driving efforts worldwide to generate new antimicrobial drugs. So, we synthesized some new formazan derivatives containing sulfonamide moiety, and assessed their in-silico biochemical properties as well as in-vitro antibacterial activity against some pathogenic Gram-positive (B. subtilis and S. aureus) and Gram-negative (E. coli and S. thyphi) bacteria and fungi (C. albicans and A. niger). These formazan derivatives were synthesized by condensing sulphanilamide with benzaldehyde in the presence of glacial acetic acid and ethanol produced a Schiff base of sulfonamide (1). After this compound 1 was reacted with substituted benzene diazonium chlorides (2a-g) by condensation reaction yields formazan derivatives (3a-g). The structures of synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis analytical and spectral (IR, 1H-NMR, and mass) data. Agar diffusion method was utilized to assess the antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds by measuring the zone of inhibition against tested strains of bacteria and fungi. Ciprofloxacin and ketoconazole were used as reference drugs. The result exhibited that synthesized compounds have demonstrated satisfactory in-silico biochemical properties as well as significant level of antibacterial activity.

Identification of new potent NLRP3 inhibitors by multi-level in-silico approaches

Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP-3), is an intracellular sensor that is involved in inflammasome activation, and the aberrant expression of NLRP3 is responsible for diabetes mellitus, its complications, and many other inflammatory diseases. NLRP3 is considered a promising drug target for novel drug design. Here, a pharmacophore model was generated from the most potent inhibitor, and its validation was performed by the Gunner-Henry scoring method. The validated pharmacophore was used to screen selected compounds databases. As a result, 646 compounds were mapped on the pharmacophore model. After applying Lipinski's rule of five, 391 hits were obtained. All the hits were docked into the binding pocket of target protein. Based on docking scores and interactions with binding site residues, six compounds were selected potential hits. To check the stability of these compounds, 100 ns molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were performed. The RMSD, RMSF, DCCM and hydrogen bond analysis showed that all the six compounds formed stable complex with NLRP3. The binding free energy with the MM-PBSA approach suggested that electrostatic force, and van der Waals interactions, played a significant role in the binding pattern of these compounds. Thus, the outcomes of the current study could provide insights into the identification of new potential NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors against diabetes and its related disorders.