Investigation of treatment-time differences in colistin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation in kidney diseases: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential

The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is regulated by methylases, commonly referred to as "writers," and demethylases, known as "erasers," leading to a dynamic and reversible process. Changes in m6A levels have been implicated in a wide range of cellular processes, including nuclear RNA export, mRNA metabolism, protein translation, and RNA splicing, establishing a strong correlation with various diseases. Both physiologically and pathologically, m6A methylation plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of kidney disease. The methylation of m6A may also facilitate the early diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases, according to accumulating research. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential role and mechanism of m6A methylation in kidney diseases, as well as its potential application in the treatment of such diseases. There will be a thorough examination of m6A methylation mechanisms, paying particular attention to the interplay between m6A writers, m6A erasers, and m6A readers. Furthermore, this paper will elucidate the interplay between various kidney diseases and m6A methylation, summarize the expression patterns of m6A in pathological kidney tissues, and discuss the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting m6A in the context of kidney diseases.

N6-methyladenine RNA Methylation Epigenetic Modification and Kidney Diseases

RNA methylation modification is a rapidly developing field in epigenetics. N6-methyladensine (m⁶A) is the most common internal modification in eukaryotic mRNA. m⁶A group regulates RNA splicing, stability, translocation, and translation. Enzymes catalyzing this process were termed as writers, erasers, and readers. Recent studies have focused on exploring the role of RNA methylation in human diseases. RNA methylation modifications, particularly m⁶A, play important roles in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. In this review, we provide a brief description of m⁶A and summarize the impact of m⁶A on acute and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and possible future study directions for this research.

Chronopharmacology of the alpha-lipoic acid/nifedipine/glimepiride combination in the amelioration of retinopathy in rats

Time of drug administration affects both the kinetics and dynamics of medications. This study investigated diurnal efficacy of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), nifedipine, and glimepiride combination in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. The study design comprised seven groups of rats, with groups 1 and 2 serving as non-diabetic and diabetic controls, respectively, receiving 1 ml/kg distilled water. All other groups were diabetic, and received 10 mg/kg glimepiride at 20:00 h. Groups 4-7 also received 20 mg/kg nifedipine at 08:00 h. In addition, groups 5-7 received 100 mg/kg ALA at 08:00 h, 14:00 h, and 20:00 h, respectively. Oral drug administration was for 28 days during which fasting and random blood glucose sampling were done weekly at 07:30 h and 13:30 h, respectively. On the 29^th day, rats were euthanized; blood was collected via the jugular veins for determination of serum ocular markers like magnesium, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Furthermore, the eyes were excised and their relative organ/body weight ratios determined. The right eyes were persevered in phosphate buffer for homogenization and determination of retina antioxidant profile (MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH), while the left eyes were preserved in formalin for histological examination. Results showed that treatment with ALA and glimepiride at 20:00 h along with nifedipine at 08:00 h resulted in better prognosis than other treatment groups and with improved glycemic control. Also, all their serum markers for retinopathy, organ weight, and histology did not differ significantly from that of the non-diabetic rats. Findings imply that diurnal efficacy in alpha-lipoic acid, nifedipine and glimepiride combination ameliorates diabetic retinopathy in rats and may be beneficial in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.