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Kim H, Kim Y, Lee G, Choi JH, Yook V, Shin MH, Jeon HJ. Predictive Factors Associated With Methods of Suicide: The Korean National Investigations of Suicide Victims (The KNIGHTS Study). Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:651327. [PMID: 34054610 PMCID: PMC8149594 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.651327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Because the suicide mortality depends on the lethality of suicide methods, the identification and prediction of suicide methods are important for suicide prevention. Methods: Examination data of suicide decedents were collected based on police reports. Suicide decedents were divided into groups according to the suicide methods (hanging, gas poisoning, pesticide poisoning, jumping, drug poisoning, and drowning) they used. Predictive factors for each suicide method in comparison to other suicide methods were identified. Results: Among 23,647 subjects, hanging was the most common method of suicide. Regarding gas poisoning, the history of previous suicide attempt was a risk factor and being age of 65 or older was a protective factor. Being age of 65 or older showed a highly strong association with suicide by pesticide poisoning. Being age of 18 or younger and the presence of schizophrenia were associated with jumping. A history of psychiatric outpatient treatment was a risk factor for drug poisoning. Regarding suicide by drowning, schizophrenia was a risk factor, while being age of 65 or older was a protective factor. Limitations: Only eight out of a total of 17 regions in South Korea were examined and included in the data of this study. Also, the methods of suicide were defined as one method that directly caused the death, which could undermine other less fatal methods used. Conclusions: There were differences in predictive factors according to the method of suicide. Predicting the method of suicide in people at high risk for suicide stands to be an important strategy for suicide prevention in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yuwon Kim
- Department of Data Science, Evidnet, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Gusang Lee
- Korea Psychological Autopsy Center (KPAC), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Hwa Choi
- Korea Psychological Autopsy Center (KPAC), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Vidal Yook
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Shin
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hong Jin Jeon
- Korea Psychological Autopsy Center (KPAC), Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Department of Medical Device Management & Research, and Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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Radnic B, Bogdanovic M, Durmic T, Popovic V, Mihailovic Z, Soldatovic I, Atanasijevic T. Can blood alcohol concentration have a role in choosing high lethality method of suicide? AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2020.1757759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Radnic
- Institute of Forensic Medicine ‘Milovan Milovanovic’, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milenko Bogdanovic
- Institute of Forensic Medicine ‘Milovan Milovanovic’, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Durmic
- Institute of Forensic Medicine ‘Milovan Milovanovic’, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Popovic
- Institute of Forensic Medicine ‘Milovan Milovanovic’, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Mihailovic
- Institute of Forensic Medicine ‘Milovan Milovanovic’, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Soldatovic
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Atanasijevic
- Institute of Forensic Medicine ‘Milovan Milovanovic’, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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International comparison of civilian violent deaths: a public health approach to reduce gun-related deaths in US youth. Public Health 2019; 180:109-113. [PMID: 31881464 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The political controversy surrounding firearm fatalities in US youths (aged 15-24 years) continues. This study examines whether a public health approach could reduce gun-related deaths in the US. METHODS Based on the latest World Health Organization (WHO) data, current (2015) numbers and rates per million of US civilian violent deaths (CVDs) (including transport deaths, suicides and homicides) for both the general population and youths (aged 15-24 years) are examined. US CVD results are considered in a wider context by comparing the results with those of seven other major Western countries (MWCs). To demonstrate the effectiveness of a public health policy, transport deaths between 1979 and 2015 are analysed, which corresponds to a time period when government interventions based on technical improvements and behaviour change were implemented to improve road safety. The statistical significance of the comparison between road fatalities and suicide rates between 1979 and 2015 is determined by the chi-squared test. RESULTS In 2015, the total number of US CVDs was 101,456, consisting of 44,193 suicides and 17,588 homicides (of which 30,891 were likely to be gun-related deaths). Youth deaths totalled 17,432; 5491 suicides and 4732 homicides, including approximately 5112 gun-related deaths. US CVDs are substantially higher than the other MWCs for both the general population and youths. In 1979, US transport deaths were 57,577, which decreased to 39,675 in 2015. Every country's public health approach to reduce road deaths, when compared with suicides, was highly statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Government interventions have reduced transport deaths; thus, new policies may also reduce gun-related violence. The evidence points towards a public health approach, such as that used to reduce road deaths, which could help reduce US firearm-related deaths to levels comparable with other MWCs.
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Patterns of self-harm methods over time and the association with methods used at repeat episodes of non-fatal self-harm and suicide: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:250-264. [PMID: 30415124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of self-harm repetition and suicide may be influenced by self-harm method choice. However, there are mixed findings regarding whether there is a discernible pattern in self-harm methods over successive episodes of non-fatal self-harm, and if so, how these may be associated with self-harm repetition and/or suicide. METHODS A systematic review of five electronic databases was undertaken until 31 May 2018 to identify cohort studies on patterns of self-harm methods and their association with methods used either at repeat self-harm episodes and/or suicide. RESULTS 15 studies were included reporting data on of 127,371 participants. Over an average follow-up period of 2.8 years, one-third (33.3%) switched methods between episodes of self-harm, most commonly from self-injury to self-poisoning. For suicide, almost one-half (42.1%) switched methods over an average follow-up period of 11.2 years. LIMITATIONS Studies were characterised by a moderate study quality. Studies tended to group all methods into self-injury and/or self-poisoning with little consideration as to the diverse range of self-harm methods included within these broad categories and the likely differences in potential lethality between these methods. Few investigated the role of alcohol and/or drug dependence and mental illness on self-harm method choice. CONCLUSIONS Given the frequency of method switching observed, and the lack of discernible patterns over time, all patients should be routinely assessed for risk and needs irrespective of the method used at the index episode of non-fatal self-harm.
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Vigoya-Rubiano AR, Osorio-Barajas YS, Salamanca-Camargo Y. Caracterización del intento de suicidio en una ciudad colombiana (2012 – 2017). DUAZARY 2019. [DOI: 10.21676/2389783x.2545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Se trata de un estudio descriptivo cuyo objetivo fue analizar las características relacionadas con la conducta suicida de quienes fueron reportados por dicho evento en Tunja durante el periodo comprendido entre 2012 y 2017; a partir de 701 fichas de notificación de intento de suicidio del sistema nacional de vigilancia en salud pública (SIVIGILA); los resultados a partir del programa estadístico SPSS, versión 22, indican que el 51,5% se encontraban entre 16 y 25 años de edad, 53% de sexo femenino y 31% con ocupaciones agrícolas; en cuanto a características propias del intento de suicidio, se identifica mayor proporción por problemas de pareja (39,9%); el método más utilizado la intoxicación (62,4%) con al menos un diagnóstico de trastorno mental en el 37% de los casos registrados. Se concluye que los intentos de suicidio se presentaron en su mayoría en población joven, con cifras ligeramente superiores para el sexo femenino, predominio del área urbana y lugar del evento la vivienda, siendo las ocupaciones afines al campo las que presentaron mayor ocurrencia, corroborando la información obtenida a nivel nacional, con excepción al género.
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Abdullah M, Khalily MT, Ahmad I, Hallahan B. Psychological autopsy review on mental health crises and suicide among youth in Pakistan. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2018; 10:e12338. [PMID: 30280522 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ascertaining putative sociodemographic and clinical causes for death by probable suicide can potentially help implement region-specific strategies to reduce suicide rates. In this study, we wanted to investigate methods utilized and the psychosocial and mental health characteristics of youths (aged 12-26 y) who died by probable suicide. METHOD We examined data from mental health clinical files and forensic reports and performed qualitative psychological autopsy interview from more than multiple sources for each youth who died by probable suicide between 1 May and 31 December 2015 in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. RESULTS The two most common methods of probable suicide were by firearm use and self-poisoning utilizing pesticides that were significantly associated with male and female gender, respectively. The most common mental health difficulties were major depressive disorder and harmful use of psychoactive substances. Other clinical features particularly evident included thoughts of self-harm, irritability and aggression, low self-esteem, treatment nonadherence, family dispute, and financial distress. CONCLUSION Efforts to reduce the ease of access to firearms and pesticides may potentially have a beneficial effect in reducing the suicide rate in this region of Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassar Abdullah
- Department of Psychology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Psychology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Brian Hallahan
- Department of Psychiatry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Brausch AM, Williams AG, Cox EM. Examining Intent to Die and Methods for Nonsuicidal Self-Injury and Suicide Attempts. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2016; 46:737-744. [PMID: 27111869 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is linked to suicidal behavior and future suicide attempts, but the process of NSSI-to-suicide attempts remains unclear. Additionally, little is known about how having a history of NSSI may relate to reports of intent to die during a suicide attempt. The current study examined methods of NSSI and suicide attempts, as well as intent to die, in a sample of 1,232 young adults, 54 of whom reported at least one suicide attempt. Cutting and overdose were the predominant methods of NSSI and suicide attempts, respectively, with the two often co-occurring. Individuals with both NSSI and suicide attempt history were significantly more likely to report an intent to die than those with suicide attempt history only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Brausch
- Psychological Sciences, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - Amanda G Williams
- Psychological Sciences, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - Emily M Cox
- Psychological Sciences, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA
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Paraschakis A, Michopoulos I, Christodoulou C, Koutsaftis F, Douzenis A. Psychiatric Medication Intake in Suicide Victims: Gender Disparities and Implications for Suicide Prevention. J Forensic Sci 2016; 61:1660-1663. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Paraschakis
- Psychiatric Hospital of Attica “Dafni”; 95, Ioanninon Str Postal Code 166 74 Glyfada Attica Greece
| | - Ioannis Michopoulos
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry; “Attikon” General Hospital; Athens University Medical School; 1, Rimini Str Postal Code 124 62 Haidari Attica Greece
| | - Christos Christodoulou
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry; “Attikon” General Hospital; Athens University Medical School; 1, Rimini Str Postal Code 124 62 Haidari Attica Greece
| | - Filippos Koutsaftis
- Athens Department of Forensic Medicine; 10, Anapafseos Str Postal Code 116 36 Athens Attica Greece
| | - Athanassios Douzenis
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry; “Attikon” General Hospital; Athens University Medical School; 1, Rimini Str Postal Code 124 62 Haidari Attica Greece
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Rocos B, Chesser TJ. Injuries in jumpers - are there any patterns? World J Orthop 2016; 7:182-187. [PMID: 27004166 PMCID: PMC4794537 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v7.i3.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicide as a cause of death, affects every health system, and is a particular problem in heavily urbanised states and low and middle income countries (which account for 75% of suicide deaths). The World Health Organisation records that 800000 commit suicide each year, representing 1.4% of annual global deaths, and that suicide was the second leading cause of death in 15-29 year-olds across the world in 2012. In the United Kingdom, jumping from height accounts for 3%-5% of the 140000 suicide attempts annually is similar incidence to the rest of Europe. The Medline and EMBASE were interrogated for studies examining suicide caused by jumping from height. Manual screening of titles and abstracts was used to identify relevant works before data was extracted and systematically reviewed to identify the characteristics of a patient who jumps from height to commit suicide, delineate their patterns of injury and explore techniques that could be used to limit its occurrence. Emergency departments receiving patients who jump from a height need to have an understanding of the potential pathology that is likely to be encountered in order to deliver multidisciplinary, efficient and timely care in order that the impact of this devastating physical, psychological and social problem could modified to the benefit of the patients involved.
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