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Velez C, Williamson D, Cánovas ML, Giai LR, Rutland C, Pérez W, Barbeito CG. Changes in Immune Response during Pig Gestation with a Focus on Cytokines. Vet Sci 2024; 11:50. [PMID: 38275932 PMCID: PMC10819333 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pigs have the highest percentage of embryonic death not associated with specific diseases of all livestock species, at 20-45%. During gestation processes, a series of complex alterations can arise, including embryonic migration and elongation, maternal immunological recognition of pregnancy, and embryonic competition for implantation sites and subsequent nutrition requirements and development. Immune cells and cytokines act as mediators between other molecules in highly complex interactions between various cell types. However, other non-immune cells, such as trophoblast cells, are important in immune pregnancy regulation. Numerous studies have shed light on the crucial roles of several cytokines that regulate the inflammatory processes that characterize the interface between the fetus and the mother throughout normal porcine gestation, but most of these reports are limited to the implantational and peri-implantational periods. Increase in some proinflammatory cytokines have been found in other gestational periods, such as placental remodeling. Porcine immune changes during delivery have not been studied as deeply as in other species. This review details some of the immune system cells actively involved in the fetomaternal interface during porcine gestation, as well as the principal cells, cytokines, and molecules, such as antibodies, that play crucial roles in sow pregnancy, both in early and mid-to-late gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Velez
- Laboratory of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of La Pampa (UNLPam), Santa Rosa 6300, Argentina; (C.V.); (D.W.); (L.R.G.)
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires 2690, Argentina;
| | - Delia Williamson
- Laboratory of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of La Pampa (UNLPam), Santa Rosa 6300, Argentina; (C.V.); (D.W.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Mariela Lorena Cánovas
- Laboratory of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of La Pampa (UNLPam), Santa Rosa 6300, Argentina; (C.V.); (D.W.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Laura Romina Giai
- Laboratory of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of La Pampa (UNLPam), Santa Rosa 6300, Argentina; (C.V.); (D.W.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Catrin Rutland
- Sutton Bonington Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - William Pérez
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Montevideo, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Claudio Gustavo Barbeito
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires 2690, Argentina;
- Laboratory of Descriptive, Comparative and Experimental Histology and Embriology (LHYEDEC), Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
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Kiezun M, Dobrzyn K, Kiezun J, Kaminski T, Smolinska N. Chemerin affects the expression of angiogenesis-related factors in the porcine endometrium during early pregnancy and the oestrous cycle: an in vitro study. Reprod Fertil Dev 2023; 35:692-707. [PMID: 37955271 DOI: 10.1071/rd23148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The appropriate course of angiogenesis in the endometrium is crucial for pregnancy establishment and maintenance. Very little is known about the factors linking vessel formation and immune system functioning. AIMS We hypothesised that chemerin, an adipokine known for its involvement in the regulation of energy balance and immunological functions, may act as a potent regulator of endometrial angiogenesis during early pregnancy in pigs. METHODS Porcine endometrial tissue explants were obtained from pregnant pigs on days 10-11, 12-13, 15-16 and 27-28, and on days 10-12 of the oestrous cycle. The explants were in vitro cultured for 24h in the presence of chemerin (100, 200ng/mL) or in medium alone (control). We evaluated the in vitro effect of chemerin on the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factors A-D (VEGF-A-D), placental growth factor (PlGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and angiopoietin 1 and 2 (ANG-1, ANG-2) with the ELISA method. The protein abundance of angiogenesis-related factor receptors, VEGF receptors 1-3 (VEGFR1-3), FGF receptors 1 and 2 (FGFR1-2) and ANG receptor (TIE2) was evaluated with the Western blot (WB) method. We also analysed the influence of chemerin on the phosphorylation of AMPK using WB. KEY RESULTS We found that in the studied endometrial samples, chemerin up-regulated the secretion of VEGF-A, VEGF-B and PlGF, and protein expression of VEGFR3. The adipokine caused a decrease in VEGF-C, VEGF-D and ANG-1 release. Chemerin effect on bFGF and ANG-2 secretion, and protein content of VEGFR1, VEGFR2, FGFR1, FGFR2 and TIE2 were dependent on the stage of pregnancy. Chemerin was found to down-regulate AMPK phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS The obtained in vitro results suggest that chemerin could be an important factor in the early pregnant uterus by its influence on angiogenic factors' secretion and signalling. IMPLICATIONS The obtained results on the role of chemerin in the process of endometrial angiogenesis may, in the long term perspective, contribute to the elaboration of more effective methods of modifying reproductive processes and maintaining energy homeostasis in farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kiezun
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego St. 1A, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland
| | - Kamil Dobrzyn
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Street 5, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland
| | - Jacek Kiezun
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska St. 30, Olsztyn 10-082, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Kaminski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego St. 1A, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland
| | - Nina Smolinska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego St. 1A, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland
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3
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Parrilla I, Gil MA, Cuello C, Cambra JM, Gonzalez‐Plaza A, Lucas X, Vazquez JL, Vazquez JM, Rodriguez‐Martinez H, Martinez EA. Immunological uterine response to pig embryos before and during implantation. Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57 Suppl 5:4-13. [PMID: 35500162 PMCID: PMC9790529 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of a successful pregnancy can only occur through a concerted functioning of the entire female reproductive system, allowing for fertilization, subsequent embryo development and implantation of the conceptus. In this context, the uterine immunological responses responsible for rejection or tolerance of the conceptus are of critical importance. The aim of the present review is to summarize our current knowledge about those cellular and molecular immunological events occurring at the uterine level during pre-implantation and implantation stages of pregnancy in the pig. Advancing our understanding of the immune mechanisms involved in the success or failure of pregnancy will provide cues to develop novel strategies augmenting endometrial receptivity, finally increasing the efficiency of assisted reproductive technologies in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Parrilla
- Department of Medicine and Animal SurgeryFaculty of Veterinary MedicineInternational Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research “Campus Mare Nostrum”University of MurciaMurciaSpain,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB‐Arrixaca)El Palmar, MurciaSpain
| | - Maria Antonia Gil
- Department of Medicine and Animal SurgeryFaculty of Veterinary MedicineInternational Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research “Campus Mare Nostrum”University of MurciaMurciaSpain,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB‐Arrixaca)El Palmar, MurciaSpain
| | - Cristina Cuello
- Department of Medicine and Animal SurgeryFaculty of Veterinary MedicineInternational Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research “Campus Mare Nostrum”University of MurciaMurciaSpain,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB‐Arrixaca)El Palmar, MurciaSpain
| | - Josep M. Cambra
- Department of Medicine and Animal SurgeryFaculty of Veterinary MedicineInternational Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research “Campus Mare Nostrum”University of MurciaMurciaSpain,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB‐Arrixaca)El Palmar, MurciaSpain
| | - Alejandro Gonzalez‐Plaza
- Department of Medicine and Animal SurgeryFaculty of Veterinary MedicineInternational Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research “Campus Mare Nostrum”University of MurciaMurciaSpain,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB‐Arrixaca)El Palmar, MurciaSpain
| | - Xiomara Lucas
- Department of Medicine and Animal SurgeryFaculty of Veterinary MedicineInternational Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research “Campus Mare Nostrum”University of MurciaMurciaSpain,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB‐Arrixaca)El Palmar, MurciaSpain
| | - Jose L. Vazquez
- Department of Medicine and Animal SurgeryFaculty of Veterinary MedicineInternational Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research “Campus Mare Nostrum”University of MurciaMurciaSpain,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB‐Arrixaca)El Palmar, MurciaSpain
| | - Juan M. Vazquez
- Department of Medicine and Animal SurgeryFaculty of Veterinary MedicineInternational Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research “Campus Mare Nostrum”University of MurciaMurciaSpain,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB‐Arrixaca)El Palmar, MurciaSpain
| | | | - Emilio A. Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Animal SurgeryFaculty of Veterinary MedicineInternational Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research “Campus Mare Nostrum”University of MurciaMurciaSpain,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB‐Arrixaca)El Palmar, MurciaSpain
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4
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Martinez CA, Rodriguez‐Martinez H. Context is key: Maternal immune responses to pig allogeneic embryos. Mol Reprod Dev 2022. [PMCID: PMC9542102 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Successful establishment of pregnancy includes the achievement of a state of immune tolerance toward the embryos (and placenta), where the well‐coordinated maternal immune system is capable of recognizing conceptus antigens while maintaining maternal defense against pathogens. In physiological pregnancies, following natural mating or artificial insemination (AI), the maternal immune system is exposed to the presence of hemi‐allogeneic embryos, that is, embryos containing maternal self‐antigens and foreign antigens from the paternal side. In this scenario, the hemi‐allogeneic embryo is recognized by the mother, but the immune system is locally modified to facilitate embryo implantation and pregnancy progression. Pig allogeneic pregnancies (with embryos containing both paternal and maternal material foreign to the recipient female), occur during embryo transfer (ET), with conspicuously high rates of embryonic death. Mortality mainly occurs during the peri‐attachment phase, suggesting that immune responses to allogeneic embryos are more complex and less efficient, hindering the conceptuses to survive to term. Reaching a similar maternal tolerance as in conventional breeding would render ET successful. The present review critically summarizes mechanisms of maternal immune recognition of pregnancy and factors associated with impaired maternal immune response to the presence of allogeneic embryos in the porcine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina A. Martinez
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences (BKV), BKH/Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Heriberto Rodriguez‐Martinez
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences (BKV), BKH/Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Linköping University Linköping Sweden
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5
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Hua R, Liu Q, Lian W, Gao D, Huang C, Lei M. Transcriptome regulation of extracellular vesicles derived from porcine uterine flushing fluids during peri-implantation on endometrial epithelial cells and embryonic trophoblast cells. Gene 2022; 822:146337. [PMID: 35182676 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular vesicles (EVs) in uterine fluids play a vital role in embryo implantation by mediating intrauterine communication between conceptus and maternal endometrium in pigs. However, the regulatory mechanism of EVs in uterine fluids is largely unclear. In order to understand the effect of EVs in uterine flushing fluids (UFs) during embryo implantation on endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) and embryonic trophoblast cells (PTr2 cells). The UFs-EVs on day 13 of pregnancy (D13) were added to the culture medium of EECs and PTr2 cells. It was found that PKH-67 labeled UFs-EVs could be taken up in EECs and PTr2 cells. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that a total of 1793 and 6279 genes were differentially expressed in the EECs and PTr2 cells after the treatment of UFs-EVs on D13, respectively. Among these genes, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) results indicated that ID2, ITGA5, CXCL10 and CXCL11 genes were differentially expressed in both EECs and PTr2 cells after treatment. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the differentially expressed (DE) genes in EECs and PTr2 cells after treatment are involved in immune regulation, cell migration, cell adhesion and the secretion and uptake of EVs. Our research offers novel insight into the regulation mechanism of UFs-EVs on D13 in EECs and PTr2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwu Hua
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Center of Assisted Reproduction and Embryology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Qiaorui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Weisi Lian
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Dengying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Minggang Lei
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China; National Engineering Research Center for Livestock, Wuhan 430000, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, 430000 Wuhan, China.
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6
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Bidarimath M, Lingegowda H, Miller JE, Koti M, Tayade C. Insights Into Extracellular Vesicle/Exosome and miRNA Mediated Bi-Directional Communication During Porcine Pregnancy. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:654064. [PMID: 33937376 PMCID: PMC8081834 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.654064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous fetal loss is one of the most important challenges that commercial pig industry is still facing in North America. Research over the decade provided significant insights into some of the associated mechanisms including uterine capacity, placental efficiency, deficits in vasculature, and immune-inflammatory alterations at the maternal-fetal interface. Pigs have unique epitheliochorial placentation where maternal and fetal layers lay in opposition without any invasion. This has provided researchers opportunities to accurately tease out some of the mechanisms associated with maternal-fetal interface adaptations to the constantly evolving needs of a developing conceptus. Another unique feature of porcine pregnancy is the conceptus derived recruitment of immune cells during the window of conceptus attachment. These immune cells in turn participate in pregnancy associated vascular changes and contribute toward tolerance to the semi-allogeneic fetus. However, the precise mechanism of how maternal-fetal cells communicate during the critical times in gestation is not fully understood. Recently, it has been established that bi-directional communication between fetal trophoblasts and maternal cells/tissues is mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes. These EVs are detected in a variety of tissues and body fluids and their role has been described in modulating several physiological and pathological processes including vascularization, immune-modulation, and homeostasis. Recent literature also suggests that these EVs (exosomes) carry cargo (nucleic acids, protein, and lipids) as unique signatures associated with some of the pregnancy associated pathologies. In this review, we provide overview of important mechanisms in porcine pregnancy success and failure and summarize current knowledge about the unique cargo containing biomolecules in EVs. We also discuss how EVs (including exosomes) transfer their contents into other cells and regulate important biological pathways critical for pregnancy success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallikarjun Bidarimath
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | | | - Jessica E Miller
- Department Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Madhuri Koti
- Department Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Chandrakant Tayade
- Department Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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7
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Dobrzyn K, Kiezun M, Szeszko K, Gudelska M, Kisielewska K, Rytelewska E, Zaobidna E, Wyrebek J, Bors K, Kopij G, Kaminska B, Kaminski T, Smolinska N. The in vitro effect of orexin a on the porcine myometrial transcriptomic profile during the early-implantation period. Theriogenology 2019; 143:157-167. [PMID: 31875568 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In pigs, early gestation is the most critical period deciding about the reproduction success, and it depends on many processes, involving a significant number of genes and their products. Myometrium was found to be an important source of factors pivotal for a proper course of gestation. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of orexin A (OXA) on the porcine transcriptome, and the determination of relationships among differentially expressed genes (DEG) in the porcine myometrium during implantation using microarray technology. The analyses of gene ontology (GO), DEG assays, biological pathways and networks were performed. OXA affected the expression of 461 genes with fold-change values greater than 1.2 (p < 0.05). The expression of 260 genes were up-regulated and 201 down-regulated in the OXA-treated myometrium. Twelve genes were selected for qPCR validation of differential expression based on their known role in angiogenesis, immune processes, steroid hormone signaling and prostaglandins synthesis. The analysis of relationship between DEG indicated that OXA interacts with genes involved in the inflammatory response, cytokine binding, cytokine activity, interleukin production, leukocyte migration, angiogenesis and embryonic hemopoiesis. The presented results suggest that OXA may play a key role in ensuring optimal conditions for implanting embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Dobrzyn
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland.
| | - Marta Kiezun
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland.
| | - Karol Szeszko
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland.
| | - Marlena Gudelska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Kisielewska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland.
| | - Edyta Rytelewska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland.
| | - Ewa Zaobidna
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland.
| | - Joanna Wyrebek
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland.
| | - Kinga Bors
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Kopij
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland.
| | - Barbara Kaminska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland.
| | - Tadeusz Kaminski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland.
| | - Nina Smolinska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland.
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8
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Zeng S, Ulbrich SE, Bauersachs S. Spatial organization of endometrial gene expression at the onset of embryo attachment in pigs. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:895. [PMID: 31752681 PMCID: PMC6873571 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the preimplantation phase in the pig, the conceptus trophoblast elongates into a filamentous form and secretes estrogens, interleukin 1 beta 2, interferons, and other signaling molecules before attaching to the uterine epithelium. The processes in the uterine endometrium in response to conceptus signaling are complex. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize transcriptome changes in porcine endometrium during the time of conceptus attachment considering the specific localization in different endometrial cell types. RESULTS Low-input RNA-sequencing was conducted for the main endometrial compartments, luminal epithelium (LE), glandular epithelium (GE), blood vessels (BV), and stroma. Samples were isolated from endometria collected on Day 14 of pregnancy and the estrous cycle (each group n = 4) by laser capture microdissection. The expression of 12,000, 11,903, 11,094, and 11,933 genes was detectable in LE, GE, BV, and stroma, respectively. Differential expression analysis was performed between the pregnant and cyclic group for each cell type as well as for a corresponding dataset for complete endometrium tissue samples. The highest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was found for LE (1410) compared to GE, BV, and stroma (800, 1216, and 384). For the complete tissue, 3262 DEGs were obtained. The DEGs were assigned to Gene Ontology (GO) terms to find overrepresented functional categories and pathways specific for the individual endometrial compartments. GO classification revealed that DEGs in LE were involved in 'biosynthetic processes', 'related to ion transport', and 'apoptotic processes', whereas 'cell migration', 'cell growth', 'signaling', and 'metabolic/biosynthetic processes' categories were enriched for GE. For blood vessels, categories such as 'focal adhesion', 'actin cytoskeleton', 'cell junction', 'cell differentiation and development' were found as overrepresented, while for stromal samples, most DEGs were assigned to 'extracellular matrix', 'gap junction', and 'ER to Golgi vesicles'. CONCLUSIONS The localization of differential gene expression to different endometrial cell types provided a significantly improved view on the regulation of biological processes involved in conceptus implantation, such as the control of uterine fluid secretion, trophoblast attachment, growth regulation by Wnt signaling and other signaling pathways, as well as the modulation of the maternal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqin Zeng
- Genetics and Functional Genomics, Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Department for Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Eschikon 27 AgroVet-Strickhof, Zurich, Switzerland
- Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Lindau, ZH 8315 Switzerland
| | - Susanne E. Ulbrich
- Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Lindau, ZH 8315 Switzerland
| | - Stefan Bauersachs
- Genetics and Functional Genomics, Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Department for Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Eschikon 27 AgroVet-Strickhof, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Sanchis EG, Cristofolini AL, Fiorimanti MR, Barbeito CG, Merkis CI. Apoptosis and cell proliferation in porcine placental vascularization. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 184:20-28. [PMID: 28789824 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The placenta is a highly vascularized organ, indispensable tothe transfer of nutrients to the growing fetuses. During gestation, there exists an expansion of the placental vascular network through active angiogenesis. The aim of this research was to study cell proliferation and apoptosis through high resolution light microscopy (HRLM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) ultrastructure, immunohistochemistry for Ki67and caspase-3, determination of placental vascular area,and TUNEL assay. Crossbred sows placental tissues from approximately 30±2(n=5), 40±2(n=5), 60±2 (n=5), 80±2(n=5), 90±2(n=5) and 114±2(n=5) days of gestation were used. The evaluation of cell proliferation showed the highest%Ki67 values on days 30±2 and 80±2 of pregnancy. Caspase-3 expressed the highest value on day 30±2, while the highest apoptotic indexes were found on days30±2 and 90±2. The placental vascular area was higher on day 80±2 of pregnancy. According to our results, an active vascular cell remodeling by a caspase-3 dependent apoptosis seems to be present in early pregnancy. The increase in the vascular area on day 80±2 would be the result of the intense vascular cell proliferation detected with Ki67. Further studies are needed to understand the complex processes of angiogenesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis that interact in the placenta during porcine gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva G Sanchis
- Area of Electron Microscopy, School of Agronomy and Veterinary, National University of Río Cuarto, Route 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Andrea L Cristofolini
- Area of Electron Microscopy, School of Agronomy and Veterinary, National University of Río Cuarto, Route 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Argentina; CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council), Argentina
| | - Mariana R Fiorimanti
- Area of Electron Microscopy, School of Agronomy and Veterinary, National University of Río Cuarto, Route 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Claudio G Barbeito
- CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council), Argentina; Laboratory of Descriptive, Comparative and Experimental Histology and Embriology, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, 60 y 118, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Cecilia I Merkis
- Area of Electron Microscopy, School of Agronomy and Veterinary, National University of Río Cuarto, Route 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Argentina
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10
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Robertson SA, Zhang B, Chan H, Sharkey DJ, Barry SC, Fullston T, Schjenken JE. MicroRNA regulation of immune events at conception. Mol Reprod Dev 2017; 84:914-925. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Robertson
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical SchoolUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Bihong Zhang
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical SchoolUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Honyueng Chan
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical SchoolUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - David J. Sharkey
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical SchoolUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Simon C. Barry
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical SchoolUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Tod Fullston
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical SchoolUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - John E. Schjenken
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical SchoolUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
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11
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Marantidis A, Laliotis GP, Michailidis G, Avdi M. Study of Toll-Like Receptor and B-Defensins Genes Expression Pattern in Porcine Reproductive Organs. Anim Biotechnol 2015; 26:188-93. [DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2014.902849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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12
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Distinct microRNA expression in endometrial lymphocytes, endometrium, and trophoblast during spontaneous porcine fetal loss. J Reprod Immunol 2014; 107:64-79. [PMID: 25596873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial lymphocytes are recruited to the porcine maternal-fetal interface by conceptus-derived signals. The transiently recruited lymphocytes adopt a specialized phenotype in the endometrium that regulates various placental physiological processes, including angiogenesis. Small non-coding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as principal bio-molecules regulating the development of lymphocytes and their angiogenic functions. However, no information is available in the context of endometrial lymphocytes in pregnancy. We hypothesize that miRNAs are involved in the development of endometrial lymphocytes and their angiogenic functions at the porcine maternal-fetal interface. Using a targeted Q-PCR approach for selected miRNAs involved in immune cell development, angiogenesis, and anti-angiogenesis, we conducted a study to screen endometrial lymphocytes associated with healthy and spontaneously arresting conceptus attachment sites (CAS) at two well-defined periods of fetal loss. Comparisons were made with endometrium and trophoblasts associated with healthy and arresting CAS. In addition, levels of putative mRNA targets and subsequent functional clustering of genes were studied in order to predict the biological mechanisms affected. We found several significant differences for miRNAs involved in immune cell development and angiogenesis (miR-296-5P, miR-150, miR-17P-5P, miR-18a, and miR-19a) between endometrial lymphocytes associated with healthy and arresting CAS. Significant differences were also found in endometrium and trophoblasts for some miRNAs (miR-20b, miR-17-5P, miR-18a, miR-15b-5P, and miR-222). Finally, selected mRNA targets showed differential expression in all groups. Our data, although associative, are the first to unravel the selected miRNAs involved in immune cell development and provide insights into their possible regulation in abortive pregnancy.
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Uenishi H, Shinkai H, Morozumi T, Muneta Y. Genomic survey of polymorphisms in pattern recognition receptors and their possible relationship to infections in pigs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 148:69-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Miese-Looy G, VAN DEN Heuvel MJ, Edwards AK, Lamarre J, Tayade C. Expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family members in porcine pregnancy. J Reprod Dev 2011; 58:51-60. [PMID: 21685713 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.09-191k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal mortality is a prime concern for commercial swine industry in North America. Fetal losses occur throughout gestation but cluster in early (~day20) and mid (~day50) pregnancy. Adequate vascularization of the attachment site has emerged as a key factor contributing to fetal success. Since Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) family members regulate angiogenesis in addition to promoting fetal development and growth, we hypothesized that conceptus success is governed by members of the IGF family. Using quantitative real time PCR, we analyzed expression of IGF family members (IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF-I Receptor (IGF-IR), IGF-IIR and their binding proteins, IGFBPs) in matched maternal and fetal tissues of healthy and arresting conceptuses at gestation days (gd) 20 and 50. IGF-II transcripts were 100 fold increased in both maternal and fetal tissues compared to IGF-I, but receptor transcripts were found in similar abundance irrespective of health status and gestation point. IGFBP3 was the most abundantly transcribed of the binding proteins. Using immunohistochemistry we confirmed the expression of IGF family members in maternal luminal and glandular epithelial cells, the endothelium of blood vessels and some scattered stromal cells. Our results suggest that IGF-I and II and their receptors are differentially expressed at the maternal and fetal components of the attachment site.
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15
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Li X, Bazer FW, Johnson GA, Burghardt RC, Erikson DW, Frank JW, Spencer TE, Shinzato I, Wu G. Dietary supplementation with 0.8% L-arginine between days 0 and 25 of gestation reduces litter size in gilts. J Nutr 2010; 140:1111-6. [PMID: 20392885 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.121350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we determined the effects of L-arginine supplementation during early pregnancy on embryonic/fetal survival and growth in gilts. Gilts were housed individually in pens and fed twice daily 1 kg of a corn- and soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0.0, 0.4, or 0.8% L-arginine (wt:wt) between d 0 and 25 of gestation (10 gilts/treatment). The diets were made isonitrogenous by addition of appropriate amounts of L-alanine. At d 25 of gestation, gilts were fed L-alanine or L-arginine and hysterectomized 30 min later to obtain uteri and conceptuses (embryos and associated fetal membranes and fluids). Dietary supplementation with 0.4 or 0.8% L-arginine enhanced (P < 0.05) its concentrations in maternal plasma (64 and 98%, respectively) as well as the vascularity of chorionic and allantoic membranes, compared with the control group. Reproductive performance [numbers of corpora lutea (CL) and fetuses, placental and fetal weights, and embryonic mortality] did not differ between the 0.4% Arg and control groups. However, supplementation with 0.8% L-arginine decreased (P < 0.05) uterine weight (-20%), total number of fetuses (-24%), CL number (-17%), total fetal weight (-34%), total volume of allantoic and amniotic fluids (-34 to 42%), concentrations of progesterone in maternal plasma (-33%), as well as total amounts of progesterone (-35%), estrone (-40%), and estrone sulfate (-37%) in allantoic fluid, compared with the control group. These results indicate that dietary supplementation with 0.8% L-arginine between d 0 and 25 of gestation, while increasing placental vascularity, adversely affects the reproductive performance of gilts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilong Li
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Jarkovska K, Martinkova J, Liskova L, Halada P, Moos J, Rezabek K, Gadher SJ, Kovarova H. Proteome Mining of Human Follicular Fluid Reveals a Crucial Role of Complement Cascade and Key Biological Pathways in Women Undergoing in Vitro Fertilization. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:1289-301. [DOI: 10.1021/pr900802u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karla Jarkovska
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, v.v.i., Libechov, Czech Republic, Institute of Microbiology AS CR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic, Assisted Reproduction Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic, Sigma-Aldrich spol. s.r.o., Prague, Czech Republic, and Millipore Bioscience, 15 Research Park Drive, St. Charles, Missouri 63304
| | - Jirina Martinkova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, v.v.i., Libechov, Czech Republic, Institute of Microbiology AS CR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic, Assisted Reproduction Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic, Sigma-Aldrich spol. s.r.o., Prague, Czech Republic, and Millipore Bioscience, 15 Research Park Drive, St. Charles, Missouri 63304
| | - Lucie Liskova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, v.v.i., Libechov, Czech Republic, Institute of Microbiology AS CR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic, Assisted Reproduction Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic, Sigma-Aldrich spol. s.r.o., Prague, Czech Republic, and Millipore Bioscience, 15 Research Park Drive, St. Charles, Missouri 63304
| | - Petr Halada
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, v.v.i., Libechov, Czech Republic, Institute of Microbiology AS CR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic, Assisted Reproduction Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic, Sigma-Aldrich spol. s.r.o., Prague, Czech Republic, and Millipore Bioscience, 15 Research Park Drive, St. Charles, Missouri 63304
| | - Jiri Moos
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, v.v.i., Libechov, Czech Republic, Institute of Microbiology AS CR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic, Assisted Reproduction Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic, Sigma-Aldrich spol. s.r.o., Prague, Czech Republic, and Millipore Bioscience, 15 Research Park Drive, St. Charles, Missouri 63304
| | - Karel Rezabek
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, v.v.i., Libechov, Czech Republic, Institute of Microbiology AS CR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic, Assisted Reproduction Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic, Sigma-Aldrich spol. s.r.o., Prague, Czech Republic, and Millipore Bioscience, 15 Research Park Drive, St. Charles, Missouri 63304
| | - Suresh Jivan Gadher
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, v.v.i., Libechov, Czech Republic, Institute of Microbiology AS CR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic, Assisted Reproduction Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic, Sigma-Aldrich spol. s.r.o., Prague, Czech Republic, and Millipore Bioscience, 15 Research Park Drive, St. Charles, Missouri 63304
| | - Hana Kovarova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, v.v.i., Libechov, Czech Republic, Institute of Microbiology AS CR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic, Assisted Reproduction Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic, Sigma-Aldrich spol. s.r.o., Prague, Czech Republic, and Millipore Bioscience, 15 Research Park Drive, St. Charles, Missouri 63304
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Rittenhouse-Olson K. Letter from the Editor. Immunol Invest 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/08820131003723102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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Croy BA, Wessels J, Linton N, Tayade C. Comparison of immune cell recruitment and function in endometrium during development of epitheliochorial (pig) and hemochorial (mouse and human) placentas. Placenta 2008; 30 Suppl A:S26-31. [PMID: 19010536 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2008.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Revised: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of maternal immune cells in early implantation sites has received special attention from reproductive biologists because immune cells participate in tissue transplant rejection. During normal pregnancy, endometrial immune cells differ from those in blood by subset distribution and appear to be activated but non-destructive of conceptuses. The immune system evolved well before placental mammals. By comparing the regulation and functions of endometrial immune cells between species in two phylogenetic clades that model differently evolved placental types (pig (Sus scrofa) versus mouse (Mus musculus) and human (Homo sapiens)), we seek to understand how "non-self" trophoblast cells thrive in most pregnancies. Our studies suggest recruitment of specific immune cells to conceptus-associated endometrium and immune cell-promoted endometrial angiogenesis are of key importance for mammalian conceptus well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Croy
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
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