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Connelly C, Kim K, Liu Y, Zarit SH. Temporal Patterns of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia and Caregiver Distress: Associated Daily and Individual Factors. J Appl Gerontol 2023:7334648231216382. [PMID: 37987697 DOI: 10.1177/07334648231216382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined daily occurrences of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and whether caregivers' perceived distress towards BPSD varies throughout four phases of the day (i.e., morning, daytime, evening, and night). Family caregivers residing with relatives who were using adult day services (ADS) participated in an 8-day daily diary study (caregiver N = 173; caregiver-day N = 1,359). BPSD occurred most frequently in the evenings. ADS use, sleep disturbances, and dementia severity were significantly associated with BPSD occurrence for some phases of the day. Caregivers' distress towards BPSD occurrences increased throughout the day (i.e., most stressful at night). However, caregivers showed lower reactivity to BPSD at night on days when their relatives used ADS. Evidence of temporal patterns of BPSD in community-dwelling older adults and caregiver distress demonstrated the importance of ADS use for BPSD reactivity and identified potential target windows and associated contextual factors for individualized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Connelly
- Department of Gerontology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyungmin Kim
- Department of Child Development and Family Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Steven H Zarit
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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McDowell C, Rush J, Sukhawathanakul P. Does being defiant and irritable take a toll on physical health? Examining the covariation between symptoms of physical health and oppositional defiance across adolescence to young adulthood. Psychol Health 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37965947 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2023.2280168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. While oppositional defiance is often considered a childhood behavioural problem, the negative impact of symptoms on relationships and emotional wellbeing may endure well into young adulthood and can affect overall physical health. However, little is known about the co - occurrence of oppositional defiance symptoms (ODS) and changes in physical health functioning, particularly during the transition to young adulthood. This study examines the coupled change between ODS and physical health symptoms during this critical developmental period to inform the long - term somatic manifestations of ODS.Methods. Participants (N = 662; 52% female) from the Victoria Healthy Youth Survey (V-HYS) were assessed for ten years across six biennial occasions from ages 12-18 to ages 22-30. A multilevel time -varying covariation model, disaggregating within- and between - person variability, examined whether change in ODS was systematically associated with change in physical health symptoms.Results. On average, individuals with higher ODS reported more physical health symptoms. Moreover, ODS also shared a significant within - person time - varying association with physical health, suggesting that the two symptom domains fluctuated together within - individuals across time, irrespective of between - person differences.Conclusion. This study provides a novel within- and between - person demonstration of the link between ODS and physical health symptoms from youth to young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia McDowell
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Jonathan Rush
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Paweena Sukhawathanakul
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
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McDowell C, Tamburri N, Smith AP, Dujela C, Sheets DJ, MacDonald SWS. Exploring the impact of community-based choral participation on cognitive function and well-being for persons with dementia: evidence from the Voices in Motion project. Aging Ment Health 2022; 27:930-937. [PMID: 35731828 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2084508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Music-based interventions are postulated to mitigate cognitive decline in individuals with dementia. However, the mechanisms underlying why music-based interventions facilitate cognitive benefits remain unknown. The present study examines whether a choral intervention can modulate patterns of cognitive change in persons with dementia and whether within-person variation in affect is associated with this change. METHODS Thirty-three older adults with dementia engaged weekly in the Voices in Motion (ViM) study consisting of 3 choral seasons spanning 18-months. Performance on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule was assessed monthly within each choral season using a longitudinal intensive repeated-measures design. Three-level multilevel models were employed to disaggregate between- and within-person effects across short- (month-to-month) and long-term (season-to-season) intervals. RESULTS ViM participants exhibited an annual MMSE decline of 1.8 units, notably less than the clinically meaningful 3.3 units indicated by non-intervention literature. Further, variability in negative affect shared a within-person time-varying association with MMSE performance; decreases in negative affect, relative to one's personal average, were linked to corresponding improvements in cognitive function. CONCLUSION Engagement in the ViM choral intervention may attenuate cognitive decline for persons with dementia via a reduction of psychological comorbidities such as elevated negative affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia McDowell
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.,Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | | | - André P Smith
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.,Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Carren Dujela
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Debra J Sheets
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.,School of Nursing, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Stuart W S MacDonald
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.,Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
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Stenling A, Eriksson Sörman D, Lindwall M, Machado L. Bidirectional within- and between-person relations between physical activity and cognitive function. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 77:704-709. [PMID: 34940838 PMCID: PMC8974340 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine bidirectional within- and between-person relations between physical activity and cognitive function across 15 years. METHODS Participants (N = 1722, age range 40-85 years, 55% women) were drawn from the Betula prospective cohort study. We included four waves of data. Bivariate latent curve models with structured residuals were estimated to examine bidirectional within- and between-person relations between physical activity and cognitive function (episodic memory recall, verbal fluency, visuospatial ability). RESULTS We observed no statistically significant bidirectional within-person relations over time. Higher levels of physical activity at baseline were related to less decline in episodic memory recall. Positive occasion-specific within- and between-person relations were observed, with the most consistent being between physical activity and episodic memory recall. DISCUSSION The lack of bidirectional within-person relations indicate that shorter time lags may be needed to capture time-ordered within-person relations. The link between higher physical activity at baseline and less decline in episodic memory recall over time may indicate a protective effect of physical activity on episodic memory recall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stenling
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | | | - Magnus Lindwall
- Department of Psychology & AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liana Machado
- Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Research New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
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Wang S, Ma W, Wang SM, Yi X. Regular Physical Activities and Related Factors among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Jinan, China: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910362. [PMID: 34639662 PMCID: PMC8507899 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of regular physical activity (RPA) among middle-aged and older adults in urban communities in Jinan, China, and to identify the factors related to RPA. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among middle-aged and elderly urban residents. A total of 1406 participants were included in the final data analysis. The results of the four models consistently showed that the relevant factors of RPA were educational level, previously diagnosed hypertension (PDH) and depression. In terms of educational level, compared with illiteracy, from the first model to the fourth model, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of senior middle school were 2.072 (1.418, 3.026), 2.072 (1.418, 3.026), 1.905 (1.289, 2.816) and 1.926 (1.302, 2.848), respectively, and the ORs and 95% CIs of college or above were 2.364 (1.462, 3.823), 2.364 (1.462, 3.823), 2.001 (1.208, 3.312) and 2.054 (1.239, 3.405). In terms of PDH, compared with those with PDH, from the first model to the fourth model, ORs and 95% CIs of non-PDH were 1.259 (1.003, 1.580), 1.259 (1.003, 1.580), 1.263 (1.006, 1.585) and 1.261 (1.004, 1.584), respectively. For depression, compared with those without depression, also from the first model to the fourth model, ORs and 95% CIs of depression were 0.702 (0.517, 0.951), 0.702 (0.517, 0.951), 0.722 (0.532, 0.981) and 0.719 (0.529, 0.977), respectively. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that participation in RPA among middle-aged and older adults in Jinan urban communities was significantly associated with education level, PDH and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44, Wenhuaxi Street, Jinan 250012, China;
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, 12550, Erhuandong Street, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44, Wenhuaxi Street, Jinan 250012, China; (W.M.); (S.-M.W.)
| | - Shu-Mei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44, Wenhuaxi Street, Jinan 250012, China; (W.M.); (S.-M.W.)
| | - Xiangren Yi
- Department of Sport and Health, The College of Physical Education, Shandong University, 17923, Jingshi Street, Jinan 250061, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0531-88396626
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Fisher AN, Stinson DA, Wood JV, Holmes JG, Cameron JJ. Singlehood and Attunement of Self-Esteem to Friendships. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2021; 12:1326-1334. [PMID: 34394843 PMCID: PMC8358568 DOI: 10.1177/1948550620988460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Romantic relationships activate a process of psychological attunement whereby self-esteem becomes responsive to the romantic bond, thereby potentially benefitting relationship quality and bolstering self-esteem. Yet some people are romantically single, raising the question: Do single people also exhibit psychological attunement? In a 2-year longitudinal study of young adults (N = 279), we test whether singles psychologically attune to their friendships. Multilevel modeling revealed that within-person fluctuations in friendship quality predicted within-person fluctuations in self-esteem, and this association was stronger for singles than for partnered people. A cross-sectional mediation analysis also revealed that singles invested more in their friendships than partnered people, and greater friendship investment predicted greater friendship quality and self-esteem later on. Finally, singles maintain their friendship quality over time while partnered people experience declines. Taken together, these results suggest that singles are psychologically attuned to their friendships, and such attunement may benefit their belongingness and self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N Fisher
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Danu Anthony Stinson
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joanne V Wood
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - John G Holmes
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica J Cameron
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Stenling A, Sörman DE, Lindwall M, Hansson P, Körning Ljungberg J, Machado L. Physical activity and cognitive function: between-person and within-person associations and moderators. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2020; 28:392-417. [PMID: 32564660 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2020.1779646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we decomposed between- and within-person effects and examined moderators of the longitudinal physical activity-cognition association. Participants (N = 1722) were drawn from the Betula study and we included four waves of data across 15 years. Bayesian multilevel modeling showed that self-reported physical activity did not predict changes in cognitive function. Physical activity positively predicted cognitive performance at baseline, and the relations were stronger for more active (compared to less active) older adults. Physical activity had a positive within-person effect on cognitive function. The within-person effect of physical activity on episodic memory recall was stronger for participants who on average engaged in less physical activity. The within-person effect on verbal fluency was stronger for participants with more education. Our results suggest that preserving cognitive functioning in old age might be more a matter of what you do in old age than reflecting what you did earlier in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stenling
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University , Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago , Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Research New Zealand , Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Daniel Eriksson Sörman
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University , Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Human Work Science, Luleå University of Technology , Luleå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Lindwall
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden.,Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik Hansson
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University , Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jessica Körning Ljungberg
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University , Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Human Work Science, Luleå University of Technology , Luleå, Sweden
| | - Liana Machado
- Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago , Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Research New Zealand , Auckland, New Zealand
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