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Costa T, Bateson D, Woo YL. Enhancing equity in cervical screening - initiatives to increase screening participation. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2024; 36:345-352. [PMID: 39109609 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cervical cancer can be eliminated as a public health problem through a three-pillar approach including high coverage of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and HPV-based cervical screening, and treatment of precancers and invasive cancers. However, access inequities prevent many women and people with a cervix benefitting from these life-saving advances. This review focuses on evidence-based interventions that can improve equity and scale-up of cervical screening. RECENT FINDINGS The transition from conventional cytology to HPV screening provides multiple opportunities to address equity and a multipronged approach can be used to identify priority groups, understand barriers and develop tailored solutions. There are proven financing mechanisms, tools, technologies and screening delivery methods to overcome screening barriers in different settings. This includes self-sampling interventions, point-of-care testing, health service integration, consumer-led co-design processes and digital screening registries. SUMMARY To achieve cervical cancer elimination globally, cervical screening must be delivered in an inclusive, culturally safe and context-appropriate manner. There are multiple tools and strategies that can be implemented to improve participation of never- and under-screened groups, and to enhance equity in cervical screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Costa
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, NSW, Australia
| | - Deborah Bateson
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, NSW, Australia
| | - Yin Ling Woo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Mosquera I, Barajas CB, Theriault H, Benitez Majano S, Zhang L, Maza M, Luciani S, Carvalho AL, Basu P. Assessment of barriers to cancer screening and interventions implemented to overcome these barriers in 27 Latin American and Caribbean countries. Int J Cancer 2024; 155:719-730. [PMID: 38648380 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
There is a gap in the understanding of the barriers to cancer screening participation and complying with downstream management in the Community of Latin American and Caribbean states (CELAC). Our study aimed to assess barriers across the cancer screening pathway from the health system perspective, and interventions in place to improve screening in CELAC. A standardized tool was used to collect information on the barriers across the screening pathway through engagement with the health authorities of 27 member states of CELAC. Barriers were organized in a framework adapted from the Tanahashi conceptual model and consisted of the following dimensions: availability of services, access (covering accessibility and affordability), acceptability, user-provider interaction, and effectiveness of services (which includes governance, protocols and guidelines, information system, and quality assurance). The tool also collected information of interventions in place, categorized in user-directed interventions to increase demand, user-directed interventions to increase access, provider-directed interventions, and policy and system-level interventions. All countries prioritized barriers related to the information systems, such as the population register not being accurate or complete (N = 19; 70.4%). All countries implemented some kind of intervention to improve cancer screening, group education being the most reported (N = 23; 85.2%). Training on screening delivery was the most referred provider-directed intervention (N = 19; 70.4%). The study has identified several barriers to the implementation of cancer screening in the region and interventions in place to overcome some of the barriers. Further analysis is required to evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions in achieving their objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Mosquera
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Hannah Theriault
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Sara Benitez Majano
- Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA
- Inequalities in Cancer Outcomes Network, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Li Zhang
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mauricio Maza
- Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Andre L Carvalho
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Partha Basu
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Hanson S, Hardeman W. The Co-Production, Pilot and Qualitative Evaluation of a Cancer Prevention Programme With High-Risk Women Delivered on Group Walks by Cancer Champions: Shoulder to Shoulder, Walk and Talk. Health Expect 2024; 27:e14175. [PMID: 39114934 PMCID: PMC11306970 DOI: 10.1111/hex.14175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Women in the criminal justice system and women who have been subject to domestic abuse are at high risk of cancer but underrepresented in health promotion research. We aimed to co-produce, pilot and evaluate a health promoting programme delivered on group walks. DESIGN A programme co-produced by women, based on motivational interviewing, created the opportunity for supportive conversations about cancer prevention. METHODS Programme development in two workshops with women with lived experience using authentic vignettes to prompt help-seeking conversations. A small pilot and a qualitative evaluation was done using framework analysis. RESULTS The programme appeared acceptable to women and the walk leaders. Women felt included and found it a safe space for sensitive conversations. They appeared empowered and more confident to seek help. Walk leaders expressed confidence in delivering this informal programme, which used prompts rather than delivering didactic training. CONCLUSION Cancer prevention for high-risk groups can be delivered in a personalised and novel way by creating informal opportunities for supportive conversations about cancer prevention. Careful co-production of the programme of walks with women, using scenarios and quotes that were authentic vignettes, ensured that these came directly from the women's lived experience and enabled women to talk about change. Our findings indicate that this approach was practical, relevant and acceptable to them with some evidence of women feeling empowered to make informed decisions about their health. We recommend that future cancer prevention programmes for underrepresented groups take an asset-based approach by utilising pre-existing community organisations to increase reach and sustainability. PATIENT AND PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT Women with lived experience co-designed and tested the programme. Provisional findings were fed back to the women and the women's organisation that partnered with this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hanson
- School of Health SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - Wendy Hardeman
- School of Health SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
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Mulcahy Symmons S, Drury A, De Brún A. Overcoming barriers to cervical screening attendance among underrepresented populations in Europe. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2024; 42:100932. [PMID: 38800109 PMCID: PMC11126820 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2024.100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mulcahy Symmons
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Education, and Innovation in Health Systems (UCD IRIS Centre), School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Amanda Drury
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Glasnevin, Ireland
| | - Aoife De Brún
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Education, and Innovation in Health Systems (UCD IRIS Centre), School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Ireland
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Adebola A, Adaeze A, Adeyimika D, Lovoria WB, Gia MM. Experiences and Challenges of African American and Sub-Saharan African Immigrant Black Women in Completing Pap Screening: a Mixed Methods Study. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:1405-1417. [PMID: 37129785 PMCID: PMC10620103 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding Black women's Papanicolaou (Pap) screening experiences can inform efforts to reduce cancer disparities. This study examined experiences among both US-born US Black women and Sub-Saharan African immigrant women. METHOD Using a convergent parallel mixed methods design, Black women born in the USA and in Sub-Saharan Africa age 21-65 years were recruited to participate in focus groups and complete a 25-item survey about patient-centered communication and perceived racial discrimination. Qualitative and quantitative data were integrated to provide a fuller understanding of results. RESULTS Of the 37 participants, 14 were US-born and 23 were Sub-Saharan African-born Black women. The mean age was 40.0 ± 11.0, and 83.8% had received at least one Pap test. Five themes regarding factors that impact screening uptake emerged from the focus groups: (1) positive and negative experiences with providers; (2) provider communication and interaction; (3) individual barriers to screening uptake, (4) implicit bias, discrimination, and stereotypical views among providers, and (5) language barrier. Survey and focus group findings diverged on several points. While focus group themes captured both positive and negative experiences with provider communication, survey results indicated that most of both US-born and Sub-Saharan African-born women experienced positive patient-centered communication with health care providers. Additionally, during focus group sessions many participants described experiences of discrimination in health care settings, but less than a third reported this in the survey. CONCLUSION Black women's health care experiences affect Pap screening uptake. Poor communication and perceived discrimination during health care encounters highlight areas for needed service improvement to reduce cervical cancer disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adegboyega Adebola
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0232, USA.
| | - Aroh Adaeze
- College of Public Health, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA, USA
| | - Desmennu Adeyimika
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Williams B Lovoria
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0232, USA
| | - Mudd-Martin Gia
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0232, USA
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Mulcahy Symmons S, Drury A, De Brún A. Stakeholder perceptions of cervical screening accessibility and attendance in Ireland: a qualitative study. Health Promot Int 2024; 39:daae072. [PMID: 38943526 PMCID: PMC11214098 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daae072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Organized cervical screening programmes are commonplace in high-income countries. To provide an equitable cervical screening service, it is important to understand who is and is not attending screening and why. Promotion of screening and service improvement is not possible without recognition and identification of the barriers and needs of communities that are less engaged with screening. This study explored stakeholder perceptions of cervical screening attendance and accessibility in Ireland. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 healthcare professionals, policymakers and academics. Interviews were conducted online in 2022. Reflexive thematic analysis was used inductively to generate themes, supported by NVivo. Three themes were developed: (i) getting the right information out the right way, (ii) acceptability and accessibility of screening and (iii) trying to identify and reach the non-attenders. Participants felt public knowledge of cervical screening and human papilloma virus was low and communication strategies were not adequate. Individual, cultural, structural and service-level factors influenced the accessibility and acceptability of screening. Identifying and reaching non-attenders was considered challenging and community outreach could support those less likely to attend screening. Stakeholder perspectives were valuable in understanding the complexities of screening accessibility and attendance from individual to service-level factors. Cultural competency training, inclusive language and visual cues in waiting rooms would support engagement with some populations who may be hesitant to attend screening. Collaboration with community organizations has opportunities to promote screening and understand the needs of those less likely to attend screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mulcahy Symmons
- UCD Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Education, and Innovation in Health Systems (UCD IRIS), School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Health Sciences Centre, 4 Stillorgan Road, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Health Sciences Centre, 4 Stillorgan Road, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Amanda Drury
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Dublin City University, Collins Ave Ext, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Aoife De Brún
- UCD Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Education, and Innovation in Health Systems (UCD IRIS), School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Health Sciences Centre, 4 Stillorgan Road, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Health Sciences Centre, 4 Stillorgan Road, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Brar M, Mc Ardle R, Hagan A, Al-Oraibi A, Hanjari M, Stephan B, Brayne C, Lafortune L, Bains M, Qureshi N, Robinson L. Attitudes and Preferences Towards Screening for Dementia with a Focus on Ethnic Minority and Low Socio-Economic Groups: A Systematic Review of Research Studies Written in the English Language. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:1315-1331. [PMID: 39031361 PMCID: PMC11380224 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Background Increased understanding of dementia risk-reduction and early detection of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders has spurred interest in the identification of risks for dementia, underlying putative biologies, or dementia itself. Implementation of such approaches require acceptability to the public. Research prior to 2012 indicated limited acceptability for population dementia screening. The changing landscape of dementia prevention research may influence recent perceptions. Additionally, perspectives from underserved populations, such as ethnic minorities and low socio-economic groups, are lacking. Objective In this systematic review, we sought published studies since 2012 on attitudes and preferences of people with dementia, carers and the general public from ethnic minorities and low socio-economic groups regarding dementia screening. Methods This review was preregistered on PROSPERO (CRD42023384115) and followed PRISMA guidelines. Key search terms were entered into five databases. Articles were included if they focused on population or risk screening for dementia via primary/community care-based assessments, and which included majority ethnic minority or low socio-economic groups or discretely considered these groups in data analysis. Data were synthesized narratively. Results Seven studies reported perspectives of ethnic minorities regarding dementia screening; one study included people from low socio-economic groups. Results indicated that participants from ethnic minorities were willing to undergo dementia screening. Predictors of willingness included belief in benefits, desire to boost diversity, and to implement lifestyle changes. Unwillingness was associated with anxiety regarding results. Conclusions Although there seems to be high acceptability for screening in the studied groups, more research is necessary to explore the practical considerations for screening such as cultural and economic barriers, trust, and post-screening actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjot Brar
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ríona Mc Ardle
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alexander Hagan
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Amani Al-Oraibi
- PRISM Research Group, Lifespan and Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Development Centre for Population Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Matilda Hanjari
- PRISM Research Group, Lifespan and Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Allied Health Sciences Research, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Blossom Stephan
- Dementia Centre of Excellence, enAble Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
- Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Carol Brayne
- Cambridge Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Manpreet Bains
- PRISM Research Group, Lifespan and Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nadeem Qureshi
- PRISM Research Group, Lifespan and Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Louise Robinson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Bermúdez PC, Arrivillaga M, Torres Poveda K, Castrillón Libreros DM, Castillo Castillo LE, Neira Acevedo D. Barriers to adherence to cytology exam: a case study in low-income Colombian women. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:796. [PMID: 37491282 PMCID: PMC10369816 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cytology is essential for the early detection of cervical cancer. However, in Colombia, only 50% of women with subsidized health insurance were screened in 2019, compared to 100% of women with contributory insurance. This disparity highlights significant barriers that must be addressed. This study aimed to identify the factors that contribute to or hinder adherence to cervical cytology screening among low-income women with subsidized health insurance in a public primary care network in Cali, Colombia, from 2014 to 2018. METHODS In a qualitative case study, the experience of women and health care and administrative personnel was recovered. Forty-seven women participated in seven focus group discussions. Five other women using the program participated in in-depth interviews. Finally, we interviewed eight people from the healthcare area and the health services administration. The qualitative data collected underwent content analysis, guided by the theoretical framework of Social Determinants of Health. Within this framework, five interconnected dimensions that influence adherence were incorporated. RESULTS Adherence is a multifactorial phenomenon, and in relation to attendance at cervical cytology, the analysis delved into the mechanisms that affect it in a low-income context. Barriers to adherence were identified across multiple dimensions, including social and economic factors, health conditions, and patient-related factors, among both adherent and non-adherent women. Among adherent women, barriers and facilitators related to the healthcare team and system, as well as patient-related factors, were identified. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this research can be useful in developing personalized interventions and strategies to improve adherence and screening outcomes in low-income settings. It is necessary to increase the resources of health insurance entities to establish effective communication channels with women who attend the cervical cancer prevention program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula C Bermúdez
- Departamento de Salud Pública y Epidemiología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Marcela Arrivillaga
- Oficina de Investigación, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali, Cali, Colombia
| | - Kirvis Torres Poveda
- Chronic Infections and Cancer Division, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | | | | | - Daniela Neira Acevedo
- Hospital de Siloé Siglo XXI, Red de Salud Ladera Empresa Social del Estado, Cali, Colombia
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Khumalo PG, Carey M, Mackenzie L, Sanson-Fisher R. Non-adherence to cervical cancer screening recommendations among women in Eswatini: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:290. [PMID: 36755260 PMCID: PMC9909983 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2018, Eswatini had the world's highest age-standardised cervical cancer incidence rate. Cervical cancer screening reduces women's risk of invasive cervical cancer. Data on adherence to cervical cancer screening recommendations in Eswatini are scarce. The purpose of the current study was to determine Eswatini women's self-reported adherence to cervical cancer screening recommendations, attitudes toward screening, and factors associated with non-adherence. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of women (n = 377) aged 25 to 59 accessing primary healthcare clinics (n = 4) in Eswatini assessed screening participation, attitudes and knowledge regarding cervical cancer screening, and socio-demographic variables. Adjusted logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with non-adherence to Eswatini cervical cancer screening recommendations. RESULTS One hundred and sixty-six (44%) women were classified as adherent to cervical cancer screening recommendations. Attitudinal barriers endorsed by over one-third of participants included a perceived low risk of cervical cancer (n = 161, 43%) and a view that screening is likely to be painful (n = 146, 38%). Participants had higher odds of being classified as non-adherent if they: were single compared with married (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.05, 3.01, p = 0.03), perceived screening as likely painful (OR = 4.43, 95% CI: 2.62, 7.46, p < 0.001); and had not been advised by a doctor/ nurse to screen (OR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.71, 4.64, p < 0.001). Also, a 1-year increase in age was associated with an increase in the odds of being classified as non-adherent (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.39, 1.45, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Self-reported adherence was moderate among this group of women. Tailored interventions are needed to increase participation in cervical cancer screening, especially for those women with characteristics associated with being classified as non-adherent. Primary healthcare clinic nurses (and other health providers) may contribute toward improving participation in cervical cancer screening by advising eligible women to screen and providing health education addressing negative attitudes toward screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phinda G Khumalo
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Health Behaviour Research Collaborative College of Health The University of Newcastle, Medicine, and Wellbeing, NSW, 2308, Callaghan, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia.
- Health Behaviour Research Collaborative, The University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1, Kookaburra Cct, New Lambton Heights , NSW, 2305, Australia.
| | - Mariko Carey
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Centre for Women's Health Research College of Health The University of Newcastle, Medicine, and Wellbeing, NSW, 2308, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Lisa Mackenzie
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Health Behaviour Research Collaborative College of Health The University of Newcastle, Medicine, and Wellbeing, NSW, 2308, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Rob Sanson-Fisher
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Health Behaviour Research Collaborative College of Health The University of Newcastle, Medicine, and Wellbeing, NSW, 2308, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
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Ewing A, Alalwan M, Brown J, Adekunle T, Korley N, Nafiu T, Coughlin E, Parvanta C, Meade C, Gwede C, Best A. Physically fit with a higher cancer risk? Influences of cervical cancer screening among a sample of physically active women ages 21-49 living in the United States. Prev Med Rep 2022; 30:101978. [PMID: 36157713 PMCID: PMC9494240 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To achieve the lowest risk level for various cancers, individuals would engage in several healthy lifestyle behaviors and age-eligible cancer screenings as recommended. Nonetheless, research has largely omitted exploration of concurrent primary and secondary prevention behaviors. This study was designed to explore influences of cervical cancer screening among physically active women who reported participation in recreational sports. U.S. based women between the ages of 21-49, who had never been diagnosed with cancer, were eligible to complete a web-based survey. Logistic regression analyses were conducted using SAS 9.4. On average, women were 31 years of age (N = 394) and self-identified as Black (51.3 %). Although low overall (30.7 %), higher odds of cervical cancer screening were associated with age (OR = 1.06, 95 % CI = 1.03-1.10), employment (OR = 2.43, 95 % CI = 1.14-5.18), knowledge of cancer-related risk behaviors (OR = 4.04, 95 % CI = 1.33-12.28), routine doctor's visit (OR = 4.25, 95 % CI = 1.56-11.54), and team-based vs individual-based sport participation (OR = 1.95, 95 % CI = 1.13-3.34). Our study provides insight into the health profile of physically active women, ages 21-49, as it relates to risks for cervical cancer. Screening uptake among this diverse sample was much lower than the general population and national goals set by Healthy People 2030. Interventions should be tailored to increase knowledge of cancer-related risk behaviors, access to healthcare, and recommended cervical cancer screenings among even assumed-to-be healthy populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.P. Ewing
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology (APE, MAA, NDK, TCN), 1841 Neil Ave Building 293, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - M.A. Alalwan
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology (APE, MAA, NDK, TCN), 1841 Neil Ave Building 293, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - J.A. Brown
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health (JAB) CB # 7400 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill NC 27599, USA
| | - T.E. Adekunle
- School of Public Health and Information Sciences (SPHIS), University of Louisville (TEA) 485 E Gray St, Louisville KY 40202, USA
| | - N.D. Korley
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology (APE, MAA, NDK, TCN), 1841 Neil Ave Building 293, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - T.C. Nafiu
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology (APE, MAA, NDK, TCN), 1841 Neil Ave Building 293, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - E.C. Coughlin
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida (ECC, CPP, ALB) 13201 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - C.P. Parvanta
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida (ECC, CPP, ALB) 13201 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - C.D. Meade
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Population Science, Health Outcomes and Behavior (CDM, CKG) 4117 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - C.K. Gwede
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Population Science, Health Outcomes and Behavior (CDM, CKG) 4117 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - A.L. Best
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida (ECC, CPP, ALB) 13201 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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