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Tanikawa A, Fujihara T, Nakajima N, Maeda Y, Nogata Y, Yoshimura E, Okada Y, Chiba K, Kitano Y. Anti-Barnacle Activities of Isothiocyanates Derived from β-Citronellol and Their Structure-Activity Relationships. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200953. [PMID: 36567259 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Antifouling agents with low toxicity are in high demand for sustaining marine industries and the environment. This study aimed to synthesize 15 isothiocyanates derived from β-citronellol and evaluate their antifouling activities and toxicities against cypris larvae of the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite. The synthesized isothiocyanates exhibited effective antifouling activities (EC50 =0.10-3.33 μg mL-1 ) with high therapeutic ratios (LC50 /EC50 >30). Four isothiocyanates with an amide or isocyano group showed great potential as effective antifouling agents (EC50 =0.10-0.32 μg mL-1 , LC50 /EC50 =104-833). The enantiomers of the isothiocyanates only slightly differed in their antifouling activities. These results may serve as a basis for further research and development of β-citronellol-derived isothiocyanates as effective low-toxic antifouling agents. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the antifouling activities of isothiocyanates derived from accessible natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Tanikawa
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takaya Fujihara
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Natsumi Nakajima
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yuka Maeda
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nogata
- Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko-shi, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan
| | | | - Yohei Okada
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kitano
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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2
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Gallic acid derivatives as inhibitors of mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) larval settlement: Lead optimization, biological evaluation and use in antifouling coatings. Bioorg Chem 2022; 126:105911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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Massarotti A, Brunelli F, Aprile S, Giustiniano M, Tron GC. Medicinal Chemistry of Isocyanides. Chem Rev 2021; 121:10742-10788. [PMID: 34197077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In eons of evolution, isocyanides carved out a niche in the ecological systems probably thanks to their metal coordinating properties. In 1859 the first isocyanide was synthesized by humans and in 1950 the first natural isocyanide was discovered. Now, at the beginning of XXI century, hundreds of isocyanides have been isolated both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and thousands have been synthesized in the laboratory. For some of them their ecological role is known, and their potent biological activity as antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antifouling, and antitumoral compounds has been described. Notwithstanding, the isocyanides have not gained a good reputation among medicinal chemists who have erroneously considered them either too reactive or metabolically unstable, and this has restricted their main use to technical applications as ligands in coordination chemistry. The aim of this review is therefore to show the richness in biological activity of the isocyanide-containing molecules, to support the idea of using the isocyanide functional group as an unconventional pharmacophore especially useful as a metal coordinating warhead. The unhidden hope is to convince the skeptical medicinal chemists of the isocyanide potential in many areas of drug discovery and considering them in the design of future drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Massarotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Francesca Brunelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Silvio Aprile
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Giustiniano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Designing a Laboratory Bioassay for Evaluating the Efficacy of Antifouling Paints on Amphibalanus amphitrite Using a Flow-Through System. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of establishing a protocol for evaluating the efficacy of antifouling paints on different organisms, a flow-through laboratory test using triangular boxes was developed for cyprids of the barnacle Amphibalanus (=Balanus) amphitrite. Six different formulations of antifouling paints were prepared in increasing content (0 to 40 wt.%) of Cu2O, which is the most commonly used antifouling substance, and each formulation of paint was coated on one surface of each test plate. The test plates were aged for 45 days by rotating them at a speed of 10 knots inside a cylinder drum with continuously flowing seawater. The settlement behavior of 3-day-old cyprids released inside triangular boxes made from the test plates was observed. A decreasing number of juveniles settled on surfaces of test plates that were coated with paint containing more than 30 wt.% of Cu2O. Results of the laboratory bioassays were consistent with those from the field experiments.
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Inoue Y, Takashima S, Nogata Y, Yoshimura E, Chiba K, Kitano Y. Isocyanides Derived from α,α-Disubstituted Amino Acids: Synthesis and Antifouling Activity Assessment. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15:e1700571. [PMID: 29381256 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we contribute to the development of environmentally friendly antifoulants by synthesizing eighteen isocyanides derived from α,α-disubstituted amino acids and evaluating their antifouling activity/toxicity against the cypris larvae of the Balanus amphitrite barnacle. Almost all isocyanides showed good antifouling activity without significant toxicity and exhibited EC50 values of 0.07 - 7.30 μg/mL after 120-h exposure. The lowest EC50 values were observed for valine-, methionine-, and phenylalanine-derived isocyanides, which achieved > 95% cypris larvae settlement inhibition at concentrations of less than 30 μg/mL without exhibiting significant toxicity. Thus, the prepared isocyanides should be useful for further research focused on the development of environmentally friendly antifouling agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Inoue
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shuhei Takashima
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nogata
- Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko-shi, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kitano
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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6
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Fukuda T, Wagatsuma H, Kominami Y, Nogata Y, Yoshimura E, Chiba K, Kitano Y. Anti-barnacle Activity of Isocyanides Derived from Amino Acids. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:1502-1510. [PMID: 27449975 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Creation of new potent antifouling active compounds is important for the development of environmentally friendly antifouling agents. Fifteen isocyanide congeners derived from proteinogenic amino acids were synthesized, and the antifouling activity and toxicity of these compounds against cypris larvae of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite were investigated. All synthesized amino acid-isocyanides exhibited potent anti-barnacle activity with EC50 values of 0.07 - 10.34 μg/ml after 120 h exposure without significant toxicity. In addition, seven compounds showed more than 95% settlement inhibition of the cypris larvae at 10 μg/ml after 120 h exposure without any mortality observed. Considering their structure, these amino acid-isocyanides would eventually be biodegraded to their original nontoxic amino acids. These should be useful for further research focused on the development of environmentally friendly antifoulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Fukuda
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hideki Wagatsuma
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kominami
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nogata
- Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko-shi, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kitano
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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7
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Schnermann MJ, Shenvi RA. Syntheses and biological studies of marine terpenoids derived from inorganic cyanide. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:543-77. [PMID: 25514696 DOI: 10.1039/c4np00109e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Isocyanoterpenes (ICTs) are marine natural products biosynthesized through an unusual pathway that adorns terpene scaffolds with nitrogenous functionality derived from cyanide. The appendage of nitrogen functional groups - isonitriles in particular - onto stereochemically-rich carbocyclic ring systems provides enigmatic, bioactive molecules that have required innovative chemical syntheses. This review discusses the challenges inherent to the synthesis of this diverse family and details the development of the field. We also present recent progress in isolation and discuss key aspects of the remarkable biological activity of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Schnermann
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
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Umezawa T, Sato A, Ameda Y, Casalme LO, Matsuda F. Synthetic study on dolastatin 16: concise and scalable synthesis of two unusual amino acid units. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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9
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Li Y, Zhang F, Xu Y, Matsumura K, Han Z, Liu L, Lin W, Jia Y, Qian PY. Structural optimization and evaluation of butenolides as potent antifouling agents: modification of the side chain affects the biological activities of compounds. BIOFOULING 2012; 28:857-864. [PMID: 22920194 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2012.717071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A recent global ban on the use of organotin compounds as antifouling agents has increased the need for safe and effective antifouling compounds. In this study, a series of new butenolide derivatives with various amine side chains was synthesized and evaluated for their anti-larval settlement activities in the barnacle, Balanus amphitrite. Side chain modification of butenolide resulted in butenolides 3c-3d, which possessed desirable physico-chemical properties and demonstrated highly effective non-toxic anti-larval settlement efficacy. A structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that varying the alkyl side chain had a notable effect on anti-larval settlement activity and that seven to eight carbon alkyl side chains with a tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) substituent on an amine terminal were optimal in terms of bioactivity. Analysis of the physico-chemical profile of butenolide analogues indicated that lipophilicity is a very important physico-chemical parameter contributing to bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Li
- KAUST Global Collaborative Research, Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Hong Kong , PR China
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10
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Nishikawa K, Nakahara H, Shirokura Y, Nogata Y, Yoshimura E, Umezawa T, Okino T, Matsuda F. Total synthesis of 10-isocyano-4-cadinene and its stereoisomers and evaluations of antifouling activities. J Org Chem 2011; 76:6558-73. [PMID: 21755975 DOI: 10.1021/jo2008109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first enantioselective total synthesis of 10-isocyano-4-cadinene, a marine sesquiterpene isolated from nudibranchs of the family Phyllidiidae, and determination of its absolute stereochemistry were achieved. 10-Isocyano-4-cadinene is expected to be a novel nontoxic antifouling agent. In the synthesis, intermolecular Diels-Alder reaction and samarium diiodide induced Barbier-type cyclization were employed as key steps. The absolute configuration of 10-isocyano-4-cadinene was determined as (1S,6S,7R,10S) by comparison of the optical rotations between natural and synthetic samples. In addition, the authors successfully synthesized 10-epi- and di-1,6-epi-10-isocyano-4-cadinene through the same synthetic pathway. Antifouling activities against Balanus amphitrite with the cadinenes were also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nishikawa
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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11
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Kitano Y, Akima C, Yoshimura E, Nogata Y. Anti-barnacle activity of novel simple alkyl isocyanides derived from citronellol. BIOFOULING 2011; 27:201-205. [PMID: 21279869 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2011.553282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Twenty novel simple alkyl isocyanides derived from citronellol were synthesized and evaluated for their antifouling activity and toxicity against cypris larvae of the barnacle, Balanus amphitrite. The anti-barnacle activity of the synthesized isocyanides was in the EC(50) range of 0.08-1.49 μg ml(-1). Simple isocyanides containing a benzoate and chloro group showed the most potent anti-barnacle activity. In addition, none of the synthesized compounds showed significant toxicity and LC(50) values were <10 μg ml(-1). The LC(50)/EC(50) ratios of almost all of the synthesized compounds were >10(2). The results indicate that these simple isocyanides are promising low-toxicity antifouling agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Kitano
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan.
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12
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Nishikawa K, Nakahara H, Shirokura Y, Nogata Y, Yoshimura E, Umezawa T, Okino T, Matsuda F. Total Synthesis of 10-Isocyano-4-cadinene and Determination of Its Absolute Configuration. Org Lett 2010; 12:904-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol9027336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nishikawa
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan, Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan, and CERES, Inc., 1-6-1 Ogawa-cho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0052, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakahara
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan, Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan, and CERES, Inc., 1-6-1 Ogawa-cho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0052, Japan
| | - Yousuke Shirokura
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan, Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan, and CERES, Inc., 1-6-1 Ogawa-cho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0052, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nogata
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan, Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan, and CERES, Inc., 1-6-1 Ogawa-cho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0052, Japan
| | - Erina Yoshimura
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan, Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan, and CERES, Inc., 1-6-1 Ogawa-cho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0052, Japan
| | - Taiki Umezawa
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan, Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan, and CERES, Inc., 1-6-1 Ogawa-cho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0052, Japan
| | - Tatsufumi Okino
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan, Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan, and CERES, Inc., 1-6-1 Ogawa-cho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0052, Japan
| | - Fuyuhiko Matsuda
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan, Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan, and CERES, Inc., 1-6-1 Ogawa-cho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0052, Japan
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13
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Qian PY, Xu Y, Fusetani N. Natural products as antifouling compounds: recent progress and future perspectives. BIOFOULING 2010; 26:223-34. [PMID: 19960389 DOI: 10.1080/08927010903470815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Since early 2008, an increasing number of countries have ratified an international treaty to ban the application of antifouling (AF) coatings based on organotin compounds (eg tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin). As a result, the demand for environmentally friendly, non-toxic or low-toxicity AF compounds and technologies (green AF agents) has become an urgent reality. Marine coatings based on Cu2O and various other biocides have a negative impact on the environment and they must eventually be replaced by new, effective, and environmentally friendly AF compounds. This mini-review describes important AF compounds discovered from a variety of organisms from 2004 until mid 2009, and discusses recent and general trends in the discovery of AF compounds. Finally, a perspective on the future of AF compound development is presented. The discussion is aimed at updating scientists and engineers on the current challenges facing AF research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yuan Qian
- KAUST Global Partnership Program, Department of Biology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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14
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Lovern SB, Strickler JR, Klaper R. Behavioral and physiological changes in Daphnia magna when exposed to nanoparticle suspensions (titanium dioxide, nano-C60, and C60HxC70Hx). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2007; 41:4465-70. [PMID: 17626453 PMCID: PMC2556055 DOI: 10.1021/es062146p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Little is known aboutthe impact manufactured nanoparticles will have on aquatic organisms. Previously, we demonstrated that toxicity differs with nanoparticle type and preparation and observed behavioral changes upon exposure to the more lethal nanoparticle suspensions. In this experiment, we quantified these behavioral and physiological responses of Daphnia magna at sublethal nanoparticle concentrations. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and fullerenes (nano-C60) were chosen for their potential use in technology. Other studies suggest that addition of functional groups to particles can affect their toxicity to cell cultures, but it is unknown if the same is true at the whole organism level. Therefore, a fullerene derivative, C60HxC70Hx, was also used to examine how functional groups affect Daphnia response. Using a high-speed camera, we quantified several behavior and physiological parameters including hopping frequency, feeding appendage and postabdominal curling movement, and heart rate. Nano-C60 was the only suspension to cause a significant change in heart rate. Exposure to both nano-C60 and C60HxC70Hx suspensions caused hopping frequency and appendage movement to increase. These results are associated with increased risk of predation and reproductive decline. They indicate that certain nanoparticle types may have impacts on population and food web dynamics in aquatic systems.
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Kitano Y, Nogata Y, Matsumura K, Yoshimura E, Chiba K, Tada M, Sakaguchi I. Design and synthesis of anti-barnacle active fluorescence-labeled probe compounds and direct observation of the target region in barnacle cypris larvae for dimethyl-isocyanoalkyl compounds. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Nogata Y, Kitano Y, Yoshimura E, Shinshima K, Sakaguchi I. Antifouling activity of simple synthetic isocyanides against larvae of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite. BIOFOULING 2004; 20:87-91. [PMID: 15203962 DOI: 10.1080/08927010310001659440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Twelve simple linear isocyanides were synthesized and examined for antifouling activity and toxicity against cyprid larvae of the barnacle, Balanus amphitrite. Larval settlement was inhibited, with EC50 values of 0.046-1.90 microg ml(-1), and they were much less toxic (LD50 values ranging over 21.28 microg ml(-1)) than CuSO4 (EC50 0.30 microg ml(-1) and LD50 2.95 microg ml(-1)). The data indicate that simple linear isocyanides are promising non-toxic antifouling agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Nogata
- Abiko Research Laboratory Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry 1646 Abiko Abiko-shi Chiba-ken 270-1194 Japan.
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17
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Kitano Y, Nogata Y, Shinshima K, Yoshimura E, Chiba K, Tada M, Sakaguchi I. Synthesis and anti-barnacle activities of novel isocyanocyclohexane compounds containing an ester or an ether functional group. BIOFOULING 2004; 20:93-100. [PMID: 15203963 DOI: 10.1080/0892701042000205334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ten novel isocyanocyclohexane compounds that possess an oxygenic functional group at the 4-position were synthesized and evaluated for their antifouling activity against the larvae of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite with the aim of exploring the structure-activity relationships further. The anti-barnacle effect of the synthesized compounds was in the EC50 range of 0.0096-17.0 microg ml(-1). Some ester derivatives exhibited extremely high antifouling activities, and none of the synthesized isocyanocyclohexane compounds showed significant toxicity. The results suggest that the ester function is one of the important groups in the expression of potent antifouling activity in isocyano compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Kitano
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho Fuchu Tokyo 183-8509 Japan.
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