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Reise M, Kranz S, Heyder M, Beck J, Roth C, Guellmar A, von Eggeling F, Schubert U, Löffler B, Sigusch B. Salivary Pellicle Formed on Dental Composites Evaluated by Mass Spectrometry-An In Situ Study. Molecules 2023; 28:6804. [PMID: 37836647 PMCID: PMC10574692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: In the oral environment, sound enamel and dental restorative materials are immediately covered by a pellicle layer, which enables bacteria to attach. For the development of new materials with repellent surface functions, information on the formation and maturation of salivary pellicles is crucial. Therefore, the present in situ study aimed to investigate the proteomic profile of salivary pellicles formed on different dental composites. (2) Methods: Light-cured composite and bovine enamel samples (controls) were exposed to the oral cavity for 30, 90, and 120 min. All samples were subjected to optical and mechanical profilometry, as well as SEM surface evaluation. Acquired pellicles and unstimulated whole saliva samples were analyzed by SELDI-TOF-MS. The significance was determined by the generalized estimation equation and the post-hoc bonferroni adjustment. (3) Results: SEM revealed the formation of homogeneous pellicles on all test and control surfaces. Profilometry showed that composite surfaces tend to be of higher roughness compared to enamel. SELDI-TOF-MS detected up to 102 different proteins in the saliva samples and up to 46 proteins in the pellicle. Significant differences among 14 pellicle proteins were found between the composite materials and the controls. (4) Conclusions: Pellicle formation was material- and time-dependent. Proteins differed among the composites and to the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Reise
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (M.H.); (J.B.); (A.G.); (B.S.)
| | - Stefan Kranz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (M.H.); (J.B.); (A.G.); (B.S.)
| | - Markus Heyder
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (M.H.); (J.B.); (A.G.); (B.S.)
| | - Julius Beck
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (M.H.); (J.B.); (A.G.); (B.S.)
| | - Christian Roth
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (M.H.); (J.B.); (A.G.); (B.S.)
| | - André Guellmar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (M.H.); (J.B.); (A.G.); (B.S.)
| | - Ferdinand von Eggeling
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Ulrich Schubert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Bettina Löffler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Bernd Sigusch
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (M.H.); (J.B.); (A.G.); (B.S.)
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D'Ambrosio F, Santella B, Di Palo MP, Giordano F, Lo Giudice R. Characterization of the Oral Microbiome in Wearers of Fixed and Removable Implant or Non-Implant-Supported Prostheses in Healthy and Pathological Oral Conditions: A Narrative Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041041. [PMID: 37110463 PMCID: PMC10145620 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral commensal microorganisms perform very important functions such as contributing to the health of the host. However, the oral microbiota also plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of various oral and systemic diseases. The oral microbiome may be characterized by a higher prevalence of some microorganisms than others in subjects with removable or fixed prostheses, depending on oral health conditions, the prosthetic materials used, and any pathological conditions brought about by inadequate prosthetic manufacturing or poor oral hygiene. Both biotic and abiotic surfaces of removable and fixed prostheses can be easily colonized by bacteria, fungi, and viruses, which can become potential pathogens. The oral hygiene of denture wearers is often inadequate, and this can promote oral dysbiosis and the switch of microorganisms from commensal to pathogens. In light of what emerged from this review, fixed and removable dental prostheses on teeth and on implants are subject to bacterial colonization and can contribute to the formation of bacterial plaque. It is of fundamental importance to carry out the daily hygiene procedures of prosthetic products, to design the prosthesis to facilitate the patient's home oral hygiene practices, and to use products against plaque accumulation or capable of reducing oral dysbiosis to improve patients' home oral practices. Therefore, this review primarily aimed to analyze the oral microbiome composition in fixed and removable implant or non-implant-supported prostheses wearers in healthy and pathological oral conditions. Secondly, this review aims to point out related periodontal self-care recommendations for oral dysbiosis prevention and periodontal health maintenance in fixed and removable implant or non-implant-supported prostheses wearers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco D'Ambrosio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Biagio Santella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Di Palo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Francesco Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Roberto Lo Giudice
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi", University Hospital "G. Martino" of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98123 Messina, Italy
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Hu H, Burrow MF, Leung WK. Proteomic profile of in situ acquired pellicle on tooth and restorative material surfaces. J Dent 2023; 129:104389. [PMID: 36526084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate and compare the proteomic profile of acquired pellicle on smooth bovine tooth and tooth-coloured restorative materials, including resin composite (RC), glass ionomer cement (GIC), and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate modified GIC (CPP-ACP GIC). METHODS Two-hour in situ pellicles on tooth/materials specimens mounted in oral appliances worn by ten healthy adults were investigated. Pellicle proteins and corresponding unstimulated whole saliva were quantitatively analysed through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Significantly higher amounts of protein were adsorbed onto tooth surface than restorative materials tested (4.11 ± 0.69 vs. 2.54 ± 0.38/2.98 ± 0.80/3.01 ± 0.37 µg, RC/GIC/CPP-ACP GIC). From the ten participants, 1,444 (487-1,086/person), 1,454 (645-1,051/person), 1,731 (454-1,475/person), or 1,597 (423-1,261/person) pellicle proteins were detected at least once on bovine tooth, RC, GIC, or CPP-ACP GIC, respectively, and with 1,072 (304-793/person) salivary proteins identified. Comparative quantification revealed minor differences between tooth and restorative materials pellicle profiles. High inter-individual variations in pellicle protein composition were demonstrated. Compared to the salivary protein profile, 214/57 proteins showed significantly increased/decreased abundance in pellicle formed on at least one substrate (fold change > 3.325/fold change < 0.301). Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed some pellicle proteins detected with increased affinity to tooth/material surface were identified as being related to "calcium-dependent protein binding" or "cell-cell adhesion mediator activity". CONCLUSION Similar protein quantity and composition was observed in 2 h in situ pellicles formed on different smooth restorative material surfaces. The proteomic profile of pellicles appeared distinct from that of the corresponding unstimulated whole saliva. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Host backgrounds appeared more influential on the proteomic profile of the in situ acquired pellicle than the underlying substrate characteristics among systemically and orally healthy adults. Pellicle proteins preferentially adsorbed on tooth/materials were putatively associated with calcium ion homeostasis or host-microbiota interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Hu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Michael Francis Burrow
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Keung Leung
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Agorastos G, van Halsema E, Bast A, Klosse P. On the importance of saliva in mouthfeel sensations. Int J Gastron Food Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgfs.2023.100667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Redfern J, Tosheva L, Malic S, Butcher M, Ramage G, Verran J. The denture microbiome in health and disease: an exploration of a unique community. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:195-209. [PMID: 35634756 PMCID: PMC9546486 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The United Nations suggests the global population of denture wearers (an artificial device that acts as a replacement for teeth) is likely to rise significantly by the year 2050. Dentures become colonized by microbial biofilms, the composition of which is influenced by complex factors such as patient’s age and health, and the nature of the denture material. Since colonization (and subsequent biofilm formation) by some micro‐organisms can significantly impact the health of the denture wearer, the study of denture microbiology has long been of interest to researchers. The specific local and systemic health risks of denture plaque are different from those of dental plaque, particularly with respect to the presence of the opportunist pathogen Candida albicans and various other nonoral opportunists. Here, we reflect on advancements in our understanding of the relationship between micro‐organisms, dentures, and the host, and highlight how our growing knowledge of the microbiome, biofilms, and novel antimicrobial technologies may better inform diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of denture‐associated infections, thereby enhancing the quality and longevity of denture wearers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Redfern
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering Manchester Metropolitan University UK
| | - L Tosheva
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering Manchester Metropolitan University UK
| | - S Malic
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering Manchester Metropolitan University UK
| | - M Butcher
- Department of Oral Sciences, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing University of Glasgow UK
| | - G Ramage
- Department of Oral Sciences, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing University of Glasgow UK
| | - J Verran
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering Manchester Metropolitan University UK
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Trautmann S, Künzel N, Fecher‐Trost C, Barghash A, Dudek J, Flockerzi V, Helms V, Hannig M. Is the proteomic composition of the salivary pellicle dependent on the substrate material? Proteomics Clin Appl 2022; 16:e2100109. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.202100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Trautmann
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry University Hospital Saarland University Homburg Germany
| | - Nicolas Künzel
- Center for Bioinformatics Saarland Informatics Campus Saarland University Saarbruecken Germany
| | - Claudia Fecher‐Trost
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology PZMS Saarland University Homburg Germany
| | - Ahmad Barghash
- Center for Bioinformatics Saarland Informatics Campus Saarland University Saarbruecken Germany
- Department of Computer Science German Jordanian University Amman Jordan
| | - Johanna Dudek
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry University Hospital Saarland University Homburg Germany
| | - Veit Flockerzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology PZMS Saarland University Homburg Germany
| | - Volkhard Helms
- Center for Bioinformatics Saarland Informatics Campus Saarland University Saarbruecken Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry University Hospital Saarland University Homburg Germany
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The Impact of Early Saliva Interaction on Dental Implants and Biomaterials for Oral Regeneration: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042024. [PMID: 35216139 PMCID: PMC8875286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of saliva in the oral environment is relevant for several essential health processes. However, the noncontrolled early saliva interaction with biomaterials manufactured for oral rehabilitation may generate alterations in the superficial properties causing negative biological outcomes. Therefore, the present review aimed to provide a compilation of all possible physical-chemical-biological changes caused by the early saliva interaction in dental implants and materials for oral regeneration. Dental implants, bone substitutes and membranes in dentistry possess different properties focused on improving the healing process when in contact with oral tissues. The early saliva interaction was shown to impair some positive features present in biomaterials related to quick cellular adhesion and proliferation, such as surface hydrophilicity, cellular viability and antibacterial properties. Moreover, biomaterials that interacted with contaminated saliva containing specific bacteria demonstrated favorable conditions for increased bacterial metabolism. Additionally, the quantity of investigations associating biomaterials with early saliva interaction is still scarce in the current literature and requires clarification to prevent clinical failures. Therefore, clinically, controlling saliva exposure to sites involving the application of biomaterials must be prioritized in order to reduce impairment in important biomaterial properties developed for rapid healing.
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Fischer NG, Aparicio C. The salivary pellicle on dental biomaterials. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 200:111570. [PMID: 33460965 PMCID: PMC8005451 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The salivary pellicle, an adlayer formed by adsorption of salivary components on teeth and dental biomaterials, has direct consequences on basic outcomes of dentistry. Here, we provide an overview of salivary pellicle formation processes with a critical focus on dental biomaterials. We describe and critique the array of salivary pellicle measurement techniques. We also discuss factors that may affect salivary pellicle formation and the heterogeneity of the published literature describing salivary pellicle formation on dental biomaterials. Finally, we survey the many effects salivary pellicles have on dental biomaterials and highlight its implications on design criteria for dental biomaterials. Future investigations may lead to rationally designed dental biomaterials to control the salivary pellicle and enhance material function and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Fischer
- MDRCBB, Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - Conrado Aparicio
- MDRCBB, Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA.
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Barberi J, Spriano S. Titanium and Protein Adsorption: An Overview of Mechanisms and Effects of Surface Features. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1590. [PMID: 33805137 PMCID: PMC8037091 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Titanium and its alloys, specially Ti6Al4V, are among the most employed materials in orthopedic and dental implants. Cells response and osseointegration of implant devices are strongly dependent on the body-biomaterial interface zone. This interface is mainly defined by proteins: They adsorb immediately after implantation from blood and biological fluids, forming a layer on implant surfaces. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to understand which features of biomaterials surfaces influence formation of the protein layer and how to guide it. In this paper, relevant literature of the last 15 years about protein adsorption on titanium-based materials is reviewed. How the surface characteristics affect protein adsorption is investigated, aiming to provide an as comprehensive a picture as possible of adsorption mechanisms and type of chemical bonding with the surface, as well as of the characterization techniques effectively applied to model and real implant surfaces. Surface free energy, charge, microroughness, and hydroxylation degree have been found to be the main surface parameters to affect the amount of adsorbed proteins. On the other hand, the conformation of adsorbed proteins is mainly dictated by the protein structure, surface topography at the nano-scale, and exposed functional groups. Protein adsorption on titanium surfaces still needs further clarification, in particular concerning adsorption from complex protein solutions. In addition, characterization techniques to investigate and compare the different aspects of protein adsorption on different surfaces (in terms of roughness and chemistry) shall be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Barberi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy;
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Martínez‐Hernández M, Hannig M, García‐Pérez VI, Olivares‐Navarrete R, Fecher‐Trost C, Almaguer‐Flores A. Roughness and wettability of titanium implant surfaces modify the salivary pellicle composition. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:1017-1028. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miryam Martínez‐Hernández
- Facultad de Odontología, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México CDMX Mexico
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry University Hospital, Saarland University Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Victor I. García‐Pérez
- Facultad de Odontología, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México CDMX Mexico
| | - Rene Olivares‐Navarrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Claudia Fecher‐Trost
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Saarland University Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Argelia Almaguer‐Flores
- Facultad de Odontología, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México CDMX Mexico
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Costa RC, Souza JGS, Bertolini M, Retamal-Valdes B, Feres M, Barão VAR. Extracellular biofilm matrix leads to microbial dysbiosis and reduces biofilm susceptibility to antimicrobials on titanium biomaterial: An in vitro and in situ study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2020; 31:1173-1186. [PMID: 32894779 DOI: 10.1111/clr.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the role of exopolysaccharide (EPS) polymers matrix to modulate the composition/virulence of biofilms growing on titanium (Ti) surfaces, the effect on antibiotic susceptibility, and whether a dual-targeting therapy approach for disrupted EPS matrix could improve the antimicrobial effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS A microcosm biofilm model using human saliva as inoculum was used, and the microbial composition was assessed by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. EPS-enriched biofilms virulence was tested using fibroblast monolayer. Povidone-iodine (PI) was used as EPS-targeting agent followed by amoxicillin + metronidazole antibiotic to reduce bacterial biomass using an in situ model. RESULTS An EPS-enriched environment, obtained by sucrose exposure, promoted bacterial accumulation and led to a dysbiosis on biofilms, favoring the growth of Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, and Campylobacter species and even strict anaerobic species related to peri-implant infections, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia (~3-fold increase). EPS-enriched biofilm transitioned from a commensal aerobic to a pathogenic anaerobic profile. EPS increased biofilm virulence promoting higher host cell damage and reduced antimicrobial susceptibility, but the use of a dual-targeting approach with PI pre-treatment disrupted EPS matrix scaffold, increasing antibiotic effect on in situ biofilms. CONCLUSION Altogether, our data provide new insights of how EPS matrix creates an environment that favors putative pathogens growth and shed light to a promising approach that uses matrix disruption as initial step to potentially improve implant-related infections treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Cavalcante Costa
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - João Gabriel Silva Souza
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Martinna Bertolini
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut (UCONN), Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Belén Retamal-Valdes
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University (UnG), Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Magda Feres
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University (UnG), Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Valentim A R Barão
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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12
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Sarkar A, Xu F, Lee S. Human saliva and model saliva at bulk to adsorbed phases - similarities and differences. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 273:102034. [PMID: 31518820 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.102034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human saliva, a seemingly simple aqueous fluid, is, in fact, an extraordinarily complex biocolloid that is not fully understood, despite many decades of study. Salivary lubrication is widely believed to be a signature of good oral health and is also crucial for speech, food oral processing and swallowing. However, saliva has been often neglected in food colloid research, primarily due to its high intra- to inter-individual variability and altering material properties upon collection and storage, when used as an ex vivo research material. In the last few decades, colloid scientists have attempted designing model (i.e. 'saliva mimicking fluid') salivary formulations to understand saliva-food colloid interactions in an in vitro set up and its contribution on microstructural aspects, lubrication properties and sensory perception. In this Review, we critically examine the current state of knowledge on bulk and interfacial properties of model saliva in comparison to real human saliva and highlight how far such model salivary formulations can match the properties of real human saliva. Many, if not most, of these model saliva formulations share similarities with real human saliva in terms of biochemical compositions, including electrolytes, pH and concentrations of salivary proteins, such as α-amylase and highly glycosylated mucins. This, together with similarities between model and real saliva in terms of surface charge, has led to significant advancement in decoding various colloidal interactions (bridging, depletion) of charged emulsion droplets and associated sensory perception in the oral phase. However, model saliva represents significant dissimilarity to real saliva in terms of lubricating properties. Based on in-depth examination of properties of mucins derived from animal sources (e.g. pig gastric mucins (PGM) or bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM)), we can recommend that BSM is currently the most optimal commercially available mucin source when attempting to replicate saliva based on surface adsorption and lubrication properties. Even though purification via dialysis or chromatographic techniques may influence various physicochemical properties of BSM, such as structure and surface adsorption, the lubricating properties of model saliva formulations based on BSM are generally superior and more reliable than the PGM counterpart at orally relevant pH. Comparison of mucin-containing model saliva with ex vivo human salivary conditioning films suggests that mucin alone cannot replicate the lubricity of real human salivary pellicle. Mucin-based multi-layers containing mucin and oppositely charged polyelectrolytes may offer promising avenues in the future for engineering biomimetic salivary pellicle, however, this has not been explored in oral tribology experiments to date. Hence, there is a strong need for systematic studies with employment of model saliva formulations containing mucins with and without polycationic additives before a consensus on a standardized model salivary formulation can be achieved. Overall, this review provides the first comprehensive framework on simulating saliva for a particular bulk or surface property when doing food oral processing experiments.
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Souza JGS, Cury JA, Ricomini Filho AP, Feres M, Faveri MD, Barão VAR. Effect of sucrose on biofilm formed in situ on titanium material. J Periodontol 2018; 90:141-148. [PMID: 30070706 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because sucrose may change the composition of biofilms formed on dental surfaces, the aim of this study was to evaluate in situ the effect of this dietary sugar on biofilm formation on titanium surface. METHODS In this blind, crossover, in situ study, 10 volunteers wore, in 3 phases of 7 days each, a palatal appliance containing titanium specimens. In each phase, the specimens were treated extraorally with 20% sucrose solution at a frequency of 4 or 8 times per day. As control, no treatment was rendered (0×). At the end of each phase, the biofilms were collected for biochemical analysis of biofilm wet weight (biomass), protein concentration, soluble (S-EPS), and insoluble (I-EPS) extracellular polysaccharides and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS), and for microbiologic analysis by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization (for levels and proportions of 40 bacterial species). Biochemical data were analyzed by linear regression and microbiological findings by Friedman and Dunn tests (α = .05). RESULTS A positive significant linear relationship was found among sucrose exposure (0×, 4×, and 8×) and biomass, S-EPS, I-EPS and IPS (p < 0.05). The biofilms treated with sucrose (4× and/or 8×) presented higher mean total levels of the 40 bacterial species evaluated, higher proportions of red complex species and lower proportions of the host-compatible green complex species, in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The findings of the present study suggest that daily sucrose exposure has a harmful effect on the composition of biofilms formed on titanium surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- João G S Souza
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime A Cury
- Department of Physiological Science, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio P Ricomini Filho
- Department of Physiological Science, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Magda Feres
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University (UnG), Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Faveri
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University (UnG), Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valentim A R Barão
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Mutahar M, O’Toole S, Carpenter G, Bartlett D, Andiappan M, Moazzez R. Reduced statherin in acquired enamel pellicle on eroded teeth compared to healthy teeth in the same subjects: An in-vivo study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183660. [PMID: 28837608 PMCID: PMC5570300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this in-vivo study was to compare total protein and four key salivary proteins present in the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) on eroded and non-eroded surfaces in participants with erosive tooth wear. Participants with erosive tooth wear of dietary non-intrinsic origin, present on the occlusal surfaces of the lower first molars and an unaffected posterior occlusal surface in the same quadrant were recruited from restorative dental clinics at King's College London Dental Institute (n = 29, REC ref 14/EM/1171). Following removal of the salivary film, AEP samples were collected from the eroded occlusal surfaces (EP, n = 29) and the non-eroded occlusal surfaces (NP, n = 29) using 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) soaked filter papers. Total protein concentration was analysed using bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA). Protein fractions were separated using SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted against: mucin5b, albumin, carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) and statherin antibodies. Amounts were quantified using ImageLab software against purified protein standards of known concentration. ANOVA followed by paired t-test and Wilcoxon's matched-pair signed-rank test were used to test statistical significance. The difference was considered to be significant at a P value < 0.05. The total protein on eroded surfaces was significantly lower compared to the total protein on non-eroded surfaces [0.41mg/mL (0.04) and 0.61 mg/mL (0.11)] respectively (p< 0.05). The median (min, max) amount of statherin was also significantly lower on eroded occlusal surfaces [84.1 (20.0, 221.8) ng] compared to AEP from non-eroded teeth in the same subjects [97.1(30.0, 755.6) ng] (p = 0.002). No statistical differences were observed for mucin 5b, albumin or CA VI. The total protein and statherin in the in-vivo AEP were different between eroded and non-eroded tooth surfaces of the same patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Mutahar
- Mucosal and Salivary Biology, King's College London Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saoirse O’Toole
- Tissue engineering and Biophotonics, King's College London Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Carpenter
- Mucosal and Salivary Biology, King's College London Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Bartlett
- Tissue engineering and Biophotonics, King's College London Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manoharan Andiappan
- Biostatistics and Research Methods Centre, King's College London Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Moazzez
- Mucosal and Salivary Biology, King's College London Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Weber F, Barrantes A. Real-time formation of salivary films onto polymeric materials for dental applications: Differences between unstimulated and stimulated saliva. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 154:203-209. [PMID: 28343118 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The formation of salivary films onto oral prostheses materials is of central importance for understanding their performance and interaction with oral tissue and flora. The aim of this work was to study and compare the salivary films formed from unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva on two common polymeric materials, polycarbonate and poly(methyl methacrylate). Irradiating these materials with UV light is a simple way to modify their wettability, roughness and ζ-potential. Therefore, the effect of UV exposure of polycarbonate and poly(methyl methacrylate) on saliva adsorption was also investigated. For this purpose a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation and SDS-PAGE have been combined in order to associate the thicknesses and viscoelastic properties of the salivary films with their protein composition. SDS-PAGE results suggest that a larger diversity of proteins is involved in the formation of stimulated saliva pellicles. Furthermore, according to QCM-D, pellicles formed from stimulated saliva are thinner and stiffer than the ones formed from unstimulated saliva if the polymeric materials have not been exposed to UV light although both types of saliva form a biphasic layer. For UV-treated materials, the same is applied to polycarbonate but not to poly(methyl methacrylate) where stimulated saliva yields thicker and softer films than unstimulated saliva being the adsorption process of a multiphasic nature. These results highlight the importance of choosing the appropriate sample depending on the type of study to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Weber
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, P.O. box 1109 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway; Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Alejandro Barrantes
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, P.O. box 1109 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
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16
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Kamonwanon P, Hirose N, Yamaguchi S, Sasaki JI, Kitagawa H, Kitagawa R, Thaweboon S, Srikhirin T, Imazato S. SiO 2-nanocomposite film coating of CAD/CAM composite resin blocks improves surface hardness and reduces susceptibility to bacterial adhesion. Dent Mater J 2016; 36:88-94. [PMID: 27928105 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2016-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Composite resin blocks for computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) applications have recently become available. However, CAD/CAM composite resins have lower wear resistance and accumulate more plaque than CAD/CAM ceramic materials. We assessed the effects of SiO2-nanocomposite film coating of four types of CAD/CAM composite resin blocks: Cerasmart, Katana Avencia block, Lava Ultimate, and Block HC on surface hardness and bacterial attachment. All composite blocks with coating demonstrated significantly greater Vickers hardness, reduced surface roughness, and greater hydrophobicity than those without coating. Adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to the coated specimens was significantly less than those for the uncoated specimens. These reduced levels of bacterial adherence on the coated surface were still evident after treatment with saliva. Surface modification by SiO2-nanocomposite film coating has potential to improve wear resistance and susceptibility to plaque accumulation of CAD/CAM composite resin restorations.
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17
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18
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Aroonsang W, Sotres J, El-Schich Z, Arnebrant T, Lindh L. Influence of substratum hydrophobicity on salivary pellicles: organization or composition? BIOFOULING 2014; 30:1123-1132. [PMID: 25377485 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2014.974155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Different physico-chemical properties (eg adsorption kinetics, thickness, viscoelasticity, and mechanical stability) of adsorbed salivary pellicles depend on different factors, including the properties (eg charge, roughness, wettability, and surface chemistry) of the substratum. Whether these differences in the physico-chemical properties are a result of differences in the composition or in the organization of the pellicles is not known. In this work, the influence of substratum wettability on the composition of the pellicle was studied. For this purpose, pellicles eluted from substrata of different but well-characterized wettabilities were examined by means of sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The results showed that substratum hydrophobicity did not have a major impact on pellicle composition. In all substrata, the major pellicle components were found to be cystatins, amylases and large glycoproteins, presumably mucins. In turn, interpretation of previously reported data based on the present results suggests that variations in substratum wettability mostly affect the organization of the pellicle components.
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19
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Holmes A, Rodrigues E, van der Wielen P, Lyons K, Haigh B, Wheeler T, Dawes P, Cannon R. Adherence ofCandida albicansto silicone is promoted by the human salivary protein SPLUNC2/PSP/BPIFA2. Mol Oral Microbiol 2014; 29:90-8. [DOI: 10.1111/omi.12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.R. Holmes
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute; School of Dentistry; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - E. Rodrigues
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute; School of Dentistry; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - P. van der Wielen
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute; School of Dentistry; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - K.M. Lyons
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute; School of Dentistry; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - B.J. Haigh
- AgResearch Ltd; Ruakura Research Centre; Hamilton New Zealand
| | - T.T. Wheeler
- AgResearch Ltd; Ruakura Research Centre; Hamilton New Zealand
| | - P.J.D. Dawes
- Department of Surgical Sciences; Dunedin School of Medicine; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - R.D. Cannon
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute; School of Dentistry; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
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20
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Barrantes A, Arnebrant T, Lindh L. Characteristics of saliva films adsorbed onto different dental materials studied by QCM-D. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Sotres J, Barrantes A, Lindh L, Arnebrant T. Strategies for a direct characterization of phosphoproteins on hydroxyapatite surfaces. Caries Res 2013; 48:98-110. [PMID: 24296726 DOI: 10.1159/000351871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We show in this work how systems formed by phosphoproteins on calcium phosphate surfaces can be directly characterized, in real time, in liquid medium, without the need for elution or labeling. Specifically, we show how this is possible by applying three different techniques: ellipsometry, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, and atomic force microscopy-based friction force spectroscopy. We apply these techniques to study two different model systems, i.e. those formed upon the adsorption of two model phosphoproteins (κ- and β-casein) on hydroxyapatite (HA) surfaces. Information on the kinetics of adsorption, surface excess, viscoelasticity, water content, thickness of the layers, and protein-surface interaction is provided. Results indicate that both phosphoproteins form homogeneous elastic highly hydrated monolayers on the HA surfaces, the strength of β-casein layers being higher by approximately a factor of 4. Based on the experimental results, models for the conformation of κ- and β-casein molecules adsorbed on HA surfaces are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sotres
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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22
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Experimental Investigations of Biological Lubrication at the Nanoscale: The Cases of Synovial Joints and the Oral Cavity. LUBRICANTS 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/lubricants1040102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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23
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Schweikl H, Hiller KA, Carl U, Schweiger R, Eidt A, Ruhl S, Müller R, Schmalz G. Salivary protein adsorption and Streptococccus gordonii adhesion to dental material surfaces. Dent Mater 2013; 29:1080-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Sakuma Y, Washio J, Sasaki K, Takahashi N. A high-sensitive and non-radioisotopic fluorescence dye method for evaluating bacterial adhesion to denture materials. Dent Mater J 2013; 32:585-91. [PMID: 23903640 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2013-060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Oral bacteria adhered to dental material surfaces are known to cause various oral diseases. This study aimed to develop a highsensitive and non-radioisotopic fluorescence dye method for quantification of oral bacteria (Streptococcus, Actinomyces and Veillonella) adhered to denture material surfaces. The amount of adhered bacteria was estimated from the fluorescence intensity derived from resazurin, which is reduced by bacterial metabolic reactions. The addition of bacterial metabolic substrates (glucose for Streptococcus and Actinomyces and sodium lactate for Veillonella) to the reaction mixture increased the fluorescence intensity by 2.3-110 times, subsequently improved the sensitivity. Furthermore, an experimental device having silicon wells containing test material was carefully designed for accurate quantification of bacteria adhered to test materials. The improved resazurin method using a new experimental device successfully enabled the quantification of bacterial adhesion to polymethyl methacrylate and other three conventional denture materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Sakuma
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575 Japan
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25
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Masson N, Domingues RR, Cury JA, Paes Leme AF. Acidulated phosphate fluoride application changes the protein composition of human acquired enamel pellicle. Caries Res 2013; 47:251-8. [PMID: 23343843 DOI: 10.1159/000346280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated, by proteomic analysis, whether the chemical changes provoked on enamel by acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) application alter the protein composition of acquired enamel pellicle. Enamel slabs, pretreated with distilled water (negative control), phosphoric acid (active control) or APF solution, were immersed in human saliva for pellicle formation. The adsorbed proteins were extracted and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Fifty-six proteins were identified, 12 exclusive to APF and 11 to phosphoric acid. APF decreased the concentration of histatin-1, but increased the concentration of S100-A9, which is confirmed by immunoblotting. The findings suggest that APF application changes the acquired enamel pellicle composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Masson
- Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
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26
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AFM-Based Friction Force Spectroscopy: A Novel Methodology for the Study of the Strength and Lateral Diffusion of Proteinaceous Films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2012-1120.ch006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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27
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Sotres J, Pettersson T, Lindh L, Arnebrant T. NanoWear of Salivary Films vs. Substratum Wettability. J Dent Res 2012; 91:973-8. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034512456704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pellicle serves as a multifunctional protective layer, providing, e.g., lubrication and remineralization and also acting as a diffusion barrier. In addition, since the formation of the pellicle precedes the adhesion of micro-organisms, it is also important as a conditioning film. We present a novel approach to study the influence of the water wettability of solid surfaces on the strength of adsorbed salivary films. It is based on studying the wear resistance of the films with an atomic force microscope operated in the friction force spectroscopy mode. This methodology provides the strength of the films in terms of the forces needed for breaking and removing them. Our results indicate that these forces are highly dependent on the water wettability of the underlying substrata, decreasing with increasing hydrophobicity. Thus, this study provides valuable information for the design of materials exposed in the oral cavity, i.e., materials that will minimize plaque formation and be easy to clean.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Sotres
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 20506 Malmö, Sweden
| | - T. Pettersson
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L. Lindh
- Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, 20506 Malmö, Sweden
| | - T. Arnebrant
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 20506 Malmö, Sweden
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28
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Sotres J, Lindh L, Arnebrant T. Friction force spectroscopy as a tool to study the strength and structure of salivary films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:13692-13700. [PMID: 21942307 DOI: 10.1021/la202870c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we employ atomic force microscopy based friction force spectroscopy to study the strength and structure of salivary films. Specifically, films formed on model hydrophobic (methylated silica) and hydrophilic (clean silica) substrata have been studied in water at pHs in the range 3.3-7. Results reveal that films formed on both types of substrata can be described in terms of two different fractions, with only one of them being able to diffuse along the underlying substrata. We also show how the protective function of the films is reduced when the pH of the surrounding medium is lowered. Specifically, lowering of pH causes desorption of some components of the films formed on hydrophobic methylated surfaces, leading to weaker layers. In contrast, at low pHs, saliva no longer forms a layer on hydrophilic silica surfaces. Instead, an inhomogeneous distribution of amorphous aggregates is observed. Our data also suggest that hydrophobic materials in the oral cavity might be more easily cleaned from adsorbed salivary films. Finally, reproducible differences are observed in results from experiments on films from different individuals, validating the technique as a tool for clinical diagnosis of the resistance to erosion of salivary films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sotres
- Biomedical Laboratory Science and Technology, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmoe University, 20506 Malmoe, Sweden.
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29
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Santos O, Svendsen IE, Lindh L, Arnebrant T. Adsorption of HSA, IgG and laminin-1 on model titania surfaces--effects of glow discharge treatment on competitively adsorbed film composition. BIOFOULING 2011; 27:1003-1015. [PMID: 22004177 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2011.622440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of glow discharge treatment of titania surfaces on plasma protein adsorption, by means of ellipsometry and mechanically assisted SDS elution. The adsorption and film elution of three plasma proteins, viz. human serum albumin (HSA), human immunoglobulin G (IgG) and laminin-1, as well as competitive adsorption from a mixture of the three proteins, showed that the adsorbed amount of the individual proteins after 1 h increased in the order HSA <IgG <laminin-1 ≤ protein mixture. Film elutability showed that 30 min of SDS interaction resulted in almost complete removal of adsorbed films. No difference in the total adsorbed amounts of individual proteins, or from the mixture, was observed between untreated and glow discharge treated titania surfaces. However, the composition of the adsorbed films from the mixture differed between the untreated and glow discharge treated substrata. On glow discharge-treated titania the fraction of HSA increased, the fraction of laminin-1 decreased and the fraction of IgG was unchanged compared to the adsorption on the untreated titania, which was attributed to protein-protein interactions and competitive/associative adsorption behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Santos
- Biomedical Laboratory Science and Technology, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
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30
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Eichler M, Katzur V, Scheideler L, Haupt M, Geis-Gerstorfer J, Schmalz G, Ruhl S, Müller R, Rupp F. The impact of dendrimer-grafted modifications to model silicon surfaces on protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion. Biomaterials 2011; 32:9168-79. [PMID: 21906807 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In the oral cavity, omnipresent salivary protein films (pellicle) mediate bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on natural tissues as well as on artificial implant surfaces, which may cause serious infectious diseases like periimplantitis. The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the adsorption/desorption behaviour of human saliva on model surfaces grafted with polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer molecules compared to self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) exhibiting the same terminal functions (-NH(2), -COOH) by two complementary analytical methods. Furthermore, the role of saliva conditioning of PAMAM and analogous SAM modifications on the adhesion of Streptococcus gordonii DL1, an early oral colonizer, was investigated. In contrast to SAMs, PAMAM-grafted surfaces showed reduced streptococcal adherence in the absence of pre-adsorbed saliva similar to the level obtained for poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) coatings. Moreover, coatings of PAMAM-NH(2) maintained their bacteria-repellent behaviour even after saliva-conditioning. As a general outcome, it was found that lower amounts of protein adsorbed on PAMAM coatings than on analogous SAMs. Since this study demonstrates that covalently bound PAMAM dendrimers can modulate the oral bacterial response, this approach has significant potential for the development of anti-adhesive biomaterial surfaces that are conditioned with proteinaceous films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Eichler
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Section Medical Materials and Technology, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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31
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Santos O, Lindh L, Halthur T, Arnebrant T. Adsorption from saliva to silica and hydroxyapatite surfaces and elution of salivary films by SDS and delmopinol. BIOFOULING 2010; 26:697-710. [PMID: 20672200 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2010.506609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of proteins from human whole saliva (HWS) onto silica and hydroxyapatite surfaces (HA) was followed by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and ellipsometry. The influence of different surface properties and adsorption media (water and PBS) on the adsorption from saliva was studied. The viscoelastic properties of the salivary films formed on the solid surfaces were estimated by the use of the Voigt-based viscoelastic film model. Furthermore, the efficiency of SDS and delmopinol to elute the adsorbed salivary film from the surfaces was investigated at different surfactant concentrations. A biphasic kinetic regime for the adsorption from saliva on the silica and HA surfaces was observed, indicating the formation of a rigidly coupled first layer corresponding to an initial adsorption of small proteins and a more loosely bound second layer. The results further showed a higher adsorption from HWS onto the HA surfaces compared to the silica surfaces in both adsorption media (PBS and water). The adsorption in PBS led to higher adsorbed amounts on both surfaces as compared to water. SDS was found to be more efficient in removing the salivary film from both surfaces than delmopinol. The salivary film was found to be less tightly bound onto the silica surfaces since more of the salivary film could be removed with both SDS and delmopinol compared to that from the HA surface. When adsorption took place from PBS the salivary layer formed at both surfaces seemed to have a similar structure, with a high energy dissipation implying that a softer salivary layer is built up in PBS as opposed to that in water. Furthermore, the salivary layers adsorbed from water solutions onto the HA were found to be softer than those on silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Santos
- Biomedical Laboratory Science & Biomedical Technology, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmo University, Malmo, Sweden.
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