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Widmayer F, Neidlinger-Wilke C, Witz F, Jansen JU, Ignatius A, Haffner-Luntzer M, Teixeira GQ. Oestrogen and Vibration Improve Intervertebral Disc Cell Viability and Decrease Catabolism in Bovine Organ Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076143. [PMID: 37047116 PMCID: PMC10094023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal women are at an increased risk for intervertebral disc degeneration, possibly due to the decrease in oestrogen levels. Low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) is applied as a therapeutic approach for postmenopausal osteoporosis; however, less is known regarding possible effects on the intervertebral disc (IVD) and whether these may be oestrogen-dependent. The present study investigated the effect of 17β-oestradiol (E2) and LMHFV in an IVD organ culture model. Bovine IVDs (n = 6 IVDs/group) were treated with either (i) E2, (ii) LMHFV or (iii) the combination of E2 + LMHFV for 2 or 14 days. Minor changes in gene expression, cellularity and matrix metabolism were observed after E2 treatment, except for a significant increase in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and interleukin (IL)-6 production. Interestingly, LMHFV alone induced cell loss and increased IL-6 production compared to the control. The combination of E2 + LMHFV induced a protective effect against cell loss and decreased IL-6 production compared to the LMHFV group. This indicates possible benefits of oestrogen therapy for the IVDs of postmenopausal women undergoing LMHFV exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Widmayer
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Fiona Witz
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan U Jansen
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Graciosa Q Teixeira
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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2
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Zhang L, Cui X, Huang H. Identification of common pathway and hub genes in the degeneration of both annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus in intervertebral disc. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2023; 31:10225536231167705. [PMID: 36972403 DOI: 10.1177/10225536231167705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to identify the common pathways and hub genes related to oxidative stress (OS) and autophagy of both annulus fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP) in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) based on the data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. METHODS The Gene expression data for human intervertebral discs was obtained from the GEO database, including the AF and NP of both non-degenerated disc and degenerated disc. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the limma package in R language. DEGs related to OS and autophagy were obtained using Gene Ontology (GO) database. Analyses of the GO, signaling pathways, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, and hub genes were performed using AnnotationDbi package, DAVID, GSEA, STRING database, and Cytoscape software, respectively. Finally, the online tool of NetworkAnalyst and the Drug Signatures database (DSigDB) were used to screen for transcriptional factors and potential drugs of the hub genes. RESULTS There were 908 genes associated with OS and autophagy found. A total of 52 DEGs were identified, included five upregulated and 47 downregulated genes. These DEGs were mainly involved in mTOR signaling pathway and the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. The top 10 hub genes were CAT, GAPDH, PRDX1, PRDX4, TLR4, GPX7, GPX8, MSRA, RPTOR, GABARAPL1. Besides, FOXC1, PPARG, RUNX2, JUN, and YY1 were identified as the key regulatory factors of hub genes. L-cysteine, oleanolic acid, and berberine were potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of IDD. CONCLUSIONS Common hub genes, signaling pathways, transcription factors, and potential drugs associated with OS and autophagy were identified, which provides significant basis for further mechanism research and drug screening of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haohan Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, 639328Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
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3
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Liu M, Zhang L, Zang W, Zhang K, Li H, Gao Y. Pharmacological Effects of Resveratrol in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: A Literature Review. Orthop Surg 2022; 14:3141-3149. [PMID: 36303427 PMCID: PMC9732612 DOI: 10.1111/os.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a high incidence disease of musculoskeletal system that often leads to stenosis, instability, pain and even deformity of the spinal segments. IDD is an important cause of discogenic lower back pain and often leads to large economic burden to families and society. Currently, the treatment of IDD is aimed at alleviating symptoms rather than blocking or reversing pathological progression of the damaged intervertebral disc. Resveratrol (RSV) is a polyphenol phytoalexin first extracted from the Veratrum grandiflflorum O. Loes and can be found in various plants and red wine. Owing to the in-depth study of pharmacological mechanisms, the therapeutic potential of RSV in various diseases such as osteoarthritis, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes have attracted the attention of many researchers. RSV has anti-apoptotic, anti-senescent, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anabolic activities, which can prevent further degeneration of intervertebral disc cells and enhance their regeneration. With high safety and various biological functions, RSV might be a promising candidate for the treatment of IDD. This review summarizes the biological functions of RSV in the treatment of IDD and to facilitate further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐yang Liu
- Present address:
Henan Province Intelligent Orthopedic Technology Innovation and Transformation International Joint Laboratory, Henan Key Laboratory for Intelligent Precision Orthopedics, Department of Surgery of Spine and Spinal Cord, Henan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Liang Zhang
- Present address:
Henan Province Intelligent Orthopedic Technology Innovation and Transformation International Joint Laboratory, Henan Key Laboratory for Intelligent Precision Orthopedics, Department of Surgery of Spine and Spinal Cord, Henan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Wei‐dong Zang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Kai‐guang Zhang
- Present address:
Henan Province Intelligent Orthopedic Technology Innovation and Transformation International Joint Laboratory, Henan Key Laboratory for Intelligent Precision Orthopedics, Department of Surgery of Spine and Spinal Cord, Henan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Hai‐jun Li
- Department of Immunity, Institute of Translational MedicineThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityJilinChina
| | - Yan‐zheng Gao
- Present address:
Henan Province Intelligent Orthopedic Technology Innovation and Transformation International Joint Laboratory, Henan Key Laboratory for Intelligent Precision Orthopedics, Department of Surgery of Spine and Spinal Cord, Henan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan UniversityZhengzhouChina
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4
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Chen H, Zhou J, Zhang G, Luo Z, Li L, Kang X. Emerging role and therapeutic implication of mTOR signalling in intervertebral disc degeneration. Cell Prolif 2022; 56:e13338. [PMID: 36193577 PMCID: PMC9816935 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), an important cause of chronic low back pain (LBP), is considered the pathological basis for various spinal degenerative diseases. A series of factors, including inflammatory response, oxidative stress, autophagy, abnormal mechanical stress, nutritional deficiency, and genetics, lead to reduced extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis by intervertebral disc (IVD) cells and accelerate IDD progression. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase that plays a vital role in diverse degenerative diseases. Recent studies have shown that mTOR signalling is involved in the regulation of autophagy, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, ECM homeostasis, cellular senescence, and apoptosis in IVD cells. Accordingly, we reviewed the mechanism of mTOR signalling in the pathogenesis of IDD to provide innovative ideas for future research and IDD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐Wei Chen
- Department of OrthopaedicsLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouGansuPeople's Republic of China,The Second Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jian‐Wei Zhou
- Department of OrthopaedicsLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouGansuPeople's Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu ProvinceLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouGansu ProvincePeople's Republic of China
| | - Guang‐Zhi Zhang
- Department of OrthopaedicsLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouGansuPeople's Republic of China,The Second Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhang‐Bin Luo
- Department of OrthopaedicsLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouGansuPeople's Republic of China,The Second Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of OrthopaedicsLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouGansuPeople's Republic of China,The Second Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xue‐Wen Kang
- Department of OrthopaedicsLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouGansuPeople's Republic of China,The Second Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuPeople's Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu ProvinceLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouGansu ProvincePeople's Republic of China
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Bahroudi Z, Shoorei H, Hussen BM, Talebi SF, Baig SG, Taheri M, Ayatollahi SA. Disease-associated regulation of gene expression by resveratrol: Special focus on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:298. [PMID: 36180892 PMCID: PMC9524725 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a natural phenol that is present in the skin of the grape, blueberry, raspberry, mulberry, and peanut. This substance is synthesized in these plants following injury or exposure to pathogens. Resveratrol is used as a dietary supplement for a long time and its effects have been assessed in animal models of human disorders. It has potential beneficial effects in diverse pathological conditions such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, neoplastic conditions, Alzheimer's disease, and cardiovascular disorders. Notably, resveratrol has been found to affect the expression of several genes including cytokine coding genes, caspases, matrix metalloproteinases, adhesion molecules, and growth factors. Moreover, it can modulate the activity of several signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT, Wnt, NF-κB, and Notch pathways. In the current review, we summarize the results of studies that reported modulatory effects of resveratrol on the expression of genes and the activity of signaling pathways. We explain these results in two distinct sections of non-neoplastic and neoplastic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahroudi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.,Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Seyedeh Fahimeh Talebi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Sadia Ghousia Baig
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany. .,Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Recent Advances in Managing Spinal Intervertebral Discs Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126460. [PMID: 35742903 PMCID: PMC9223374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) represents a frequent and debilitating condition affecting a large part of the global population and posing a worldwide health and economic burden. The major cause of LBP is intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), a complex disease that can further aggravate and give rise to severe spine problems. As most of the current treatments for IDD either only alleviate the associated symptoms or expose patients to the risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications, there is a pressing need to develop better therapeutic strategies. In this respect, the present paper first describes the pathogenesis and etiology of IDD to set the framework for what has to be combated to restore the normal state of intervertebral discs (IVDs), then further elaborates on the recent advances in managing IDD. Specifically, there are reviewed bioactive compounds and growth factors that have shown promising potential against underlying factors of IDD, cell-based therapies for IVD regeneration, biomimetic artificial IVDs, and several other emerging IDD therapeutic options (e.g., exosomes, RNA approaches, and artificial intelligence).
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7
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Correlation Analysis between Tamoxifen and Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: A Retrospective Case-Control Study. Pain Res Manag 2022; 2022:3330260. [PMID: 35685675 PMCID: PMC9173976 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3330260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the correlation between tamoxifen (TAM) and lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD). Methods The patients who visited the department of spine surgery from January 2015 to December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Those with a history of breast cancer surgery were identified and their data were collected. These data included patients' age, body mass index (BMI), menstrual history, postoperative history, drug treatment plan, and imaging data. The participants were divided into the TAM group and the non-TAM group. Lumbar IVDD was assessed by lumbar lordosis (LL), vertebral CT density, lumbar disc height index (DHI), Modic changes, and modified Pfirrmann grading score. SPSS 20 was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 75 patients were included in this study, 46 patients in the TAM group and 29 patients in the non-TAM group. No significant differences were present in age, BMI, postoperative history, LL, and vertebral CT density between the two groups. The DHI of L1/2 and L2/3 in the TAM group was lower compared to the non-TAM group (P=0.038 and P=0.034, respectively), while comparisons regarding the DHI of L3/4, L4/5, and L5/S1, and the average DHI between TAM and non-TAM groups were not significant. The modified Pfirrmann grading scores of the L1/2 and L2/3 IVDs in the TAM group were higher than those in the non-TAM group (P=0.004 and P=0.025, respectively). Comparisons of L3/4, L4/5, and L5/S1 between the two groups were not significant. The comparisons regarding the occurrence of Modic changes did not show a significant difference between the TAM and non-TAM groups. Conclusions This study indicates that there might be some positive correlation between TAM use and lumbar IVDD. In particular, the degeneration of L1/2 and L2/3 has shown a correlation with TAM use.
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8
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Ravalli S, Musumeci G. Facing Back Pain with Wine and Physical Activity. J INVEST SURG 2022; 35:1034-1035. [PMID: 35085464 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2021.1991531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) refers to degenerative processes of the spine resulting in reduced shock-absorbing ability, which may ultimately lead to disc herniation and spinal cord compression. Back pain is associated with this condition, representing the clinical feature mostly frequently referred by the patients. In this contribution, we analysed a recent review published in the Journal of Investigative Surgery, which discusses the mechanisms of the ROS production in IVDD with respect to resveratrol activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ravalli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Research Center on Motor Activities (CRAM), University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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9
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Khezri MR, Varzandeh R, Ghasemnejad-Berenji M. The probable role and therapeutic potential of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in SARS-CoV-2 induced coagulopathy. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:6. [PMID: 35016612 PMCID: PMC8751460 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00308-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is associated with a high mortality rate. The majority of deaths in this disease are caused by ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) followed by cytokine storm and coagulation complications. Although alterations in the level of the number of coagulation factors have been detected in samples from COVID-19 patients, the direct molecular mechanism which has been involved in this pathologic process has not been explored yet. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is an intracellular pathway which plays a central role in cell survival. Also, in recent years the association between this pathway and coagulopathies has been well clarified. Therefore, based on the evidence on over-activity of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in SARS-CoV-2 infection, in the current review, the probable role of this cellular pathway as a therapeutic target for the prevention of coagulation complications in patients with COVID-19 is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafi Khezri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Sero Road, 5715799313, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Reza Varzandeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Sero Road, 5715799313, Urmia, Iran
| | - Morteza Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Sero Road, 5715799313, Urmia, Iran. .,Research Center for Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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10
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Huo Y, Yang D, Lai K, Tu J, Zhu Y, Ding W, Yang S. Antioxidant Effects of Resveratrol in Intervertebral Disk. J INVEST SURG 2021; 35:1135-1144. [PMID: 34670455 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2021.1988771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) can cause various spinal degenerative diseases. Cumulative evidence has indicated that IVDD can result from inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, biomechanical changes and other factors. Currently, lack of conservative treatment for degenerative spinal diseases leads to an urgent demand for clinically applicable medication to ameliorate the progression of IVDD. Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a polyphenol compound extracted from red wine or grapes, has shown protective effects on IVD, alleviating the progression of IVDD. Resveratrol has been demonstrated as a scavenger of free radicals both in vivo and in vitro. The antioxidant effects of resveratrol are likely attributed to its regulation on mitochondrial dysfunction or the elimination of reactive oxygen species. This review will summarize the mechanisms of the reactive oxygen species production and elaborate the mechanisms of resveratrol in retarding IVDD progression, providing a comprehensive understanding of the antioxidant effects of resveratrol in IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachong Huo
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China.,Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Dalong Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Kaitao Lai
- ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ji Tu
- Spine Labs, St. George & Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yibo Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wenyuan Ding
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Sidong Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China.,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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11
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Programmed NP Cell Death Induced by Mitochondrial ROS in a One-Strike Loading Disc Degeneration Organ Culture Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5608133. [PMID: 34512867 PMCID: PMC8426058 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5608133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has indicated that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) play critical roles in mechanical stress-induced lumbar degenerative disc disease (DDD). However, the detailed underlying pathological mechanism needs further investigation. In this study, we utilized a one-strike loading disc degeneration organ culture model to explore the responses of intervertebral discs (IVDs) to mechanical stress. IVDs were subjected to a strain of 40% of the disc height for one second and then cultured under physiological loading. Mitoquinone mesylate (MitoQ) or other inhibitors were injected into the IVDs. IVDs subjected to only physiological loading culture were used as controls. Mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly depressed immediately after mechanical stress (P < 0.01). The percentage of ROS-positive cells significantly increased in the first 12 hours after mechanical stress and then declined to a low level by 48 hours. Pretreatment with MitoQ or rotenone significantly decreased the proportion of ROS-positive cells (P < 0.01). Nucleus pulposus (NP) cell viability was sharply reduced at 12 hours after mechanical stress and reached a stable status by 48 hours. While the levels of necroptosis- and apoptosis-related markers were significantly increased at 12 hours after mechanical stress, no significant changes were observed at day 7. Pretreatment with MitoQ increased NP cell viability and alleviated the marker changes by 12 hours after mechanical stress. Elevated mitochondrial ROS levels were also related to extracellular matrix (ECM) degeneration signs, including catabolic marker upregulation, anabolic marker downregulation, increased glycosaminoglycan (GAG) loss, IVD dynamic compressive stiffness reduction, and morphological degradation changes at the early time points after mechanical stress. Pretreatment with MitoQ alleviated some of these degenerative changes by 12 hours after mechanical stress. These changes were eliminated by day 7. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that mitochondrial ROS act as important regulators of programmed NP cell death and ECM degeneration in IVDs at early time points after mechanical stress.
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12
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Roh EJ, Darai A, Kyung JW, Choi H, Kwon SY, Bhujel B, Kim KT, Han I. Genetic Therapy for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041579. [PMID: 33557287 PMCID: PMC7914740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration can cause chronic lower back pain (LBP), leading to disability. Despite significant advances in the treatment of discogenic LBP, the limitations of current treatments have sparked interest in biological approaches, including growth factor and stem cell injection, as new treatment options for patients with chronic LBP due to IVD degeneration (IVDD). Gene therapy represents exciting new possibilities for IVDD treatment, but treatment is still in its infancy. Literature searches were conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar to provide an overview of the principles and current state of gene therapy for IVDD. Gene transfer to degenerated disc cells in vitro and in animal models is reviewed. In addition, this review describes the use of gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) and gene editing by the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system, as well as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in vitro and in animal models. Significant technological advances in recent years have opened the door to a new generation of intradiscal gene therapy for the treatment of chronic discogenic LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Roh
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam-si 13496, Korea; (E.J.R.); (A.D.); (J.W.K.); (H.C.); (S.Y.K.); (B.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam-si 13496, Korea
| | - Anjani Darai
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam-si 13496, Korea; (E.J.R.); (A.D.); (J.W.K.); (H.C.); (S.Y.K.); (B.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam-si 13496, Korea
| | - Jae Won Kyung
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam-si 13496, Korea; (E.J.R.); (A.D.); (J.W.K.); (H.C.); (S.Y.K.); (B.B.)
| | - Hyemin Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam-si 13496, Korea; (E.J.R.); (A.D.); (J.W.K.); (H.C.); (S.Y.K.); (B.B.)
| | - Su Yeon Kwon
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam-si 13496, Korea; (E.J.R.); (A.D.); (J.W.K.); (H.C.); (S.Y.K.); (B.B.)
| | - Basanta Bhujel
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam-si 13496, Korea; (E.J.R.); (A.D.); (J.W.K.); (H.C.); (S.Y.K.); (B.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam-si 13496, Korea
| | - Kyoung Tae Kim
- School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Inbo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam-si 13496, Korea; (E.J.R.); (A.D.); (J.W.K.); (H.C.); (S.Y.K.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ravalli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Research Center on Motor Activities (CRAM), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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