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Pleizier NK, Brauner CJ. Causes and consequences of gas bubble trauma on fish gill function. J Comp Physiol B 2024:10.1007/s00360-024-01538-4. [PMID: 38453727 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-024-01538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Total dissolved gas supersaturation (TDGS) occurs when air mixes with water under pressure, which can be caused by features such as hydroelectric dams and waterfalls. Total dissolved gas supersaturation can cause harmful bubbles to grow in the tissues of aquatic animals, a condition known as gas bubble trauma (GBT). As gills are the primary gas exchange surface for most fish, it is through the gills that elevated total dissolved gases enter the blood and tissues of a fish. We describe the role of the gills in admitting TDGS into the body and discuss potential effects of bubbles in the gills on blood oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion, blood ion and pH homeostasis, and nitrogenous waste excretion, as well as downstream effects on aerobic swimming performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi K Pleizier
- School of Environmental Science, Simon Fraser University, Technology and Science Complex 2 Suite 8900, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
| | - Colin J Brauner
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Linh NV, Khongcharoen N, Nguyen DH, Dien LT, Rungrueng N, Jhunkeaw C, Sangpo P, Senapin S, Uttarotai T, Panphut W, St-Hilaire S, Van Doan H, Dong HT. Effects of hyperoxia during oxygen nanobubble treatment on innate immunity, growth performance, gill histology, and gut microbiome in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 143:109191. [PMID: 37890736 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen nanobubble (NB-O2) technology has been introduced to the aquaculture industry in recent years. This treatment usually results in a tremendously high level of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the water. However, little is known about the possible negative effects of hyperoxia due to NB-O2 treatment (hyper-NB-O2) on farmed fish. Here, we investigated i) the effect of short-term hyper-NB-O2 exposure (single treatment) on the innate immunity in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, and ii) the effect of long-term hyper-NB-O2 exposure (26-day treatments) on survival, growth performance, gill histology, and gut microbiome in Nile tilapia. A single treatment with NB-O2 for 10 min in 50 L of water resulted in 24.2 ± 0.04 mg/L DO (approximately 2-3 × 107 nanoscale oxygen bubbles/mL). This treatment did not result in differences in expression of several immune-related genes (e.g., TNF-α, LYZ and HPS70) in various tissues (e.g., gill, head kidney, and spleen) compared to the non-treated control. Over a 26-day period of exposure, no significant differences were observed in survival and growth performance of the fish, but minor histological changes were occasionally noted on the gills. Analysis of the gut microbiome revealed a significant increase in the genera Bosea, Exiguobacterium, Hyphomicrobium, and Singulisphaera in the group receiving NB-O2. Moreover, no signs of "gas bubble disease" were observed in the fish throughout the duration of the experiment. Overall, these results suggest that both short- and long-term hyper-NB-O2 exposure appears to be benign and has no obvious adverse effects on fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Vu Linh
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Functional Feed Innovation Center (FuncFeed), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nareerat Khongcharoen
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand
| | - Dinh-Hung Nguyen
- Center of Excellence in Fish Infectious Diseases (CE FID), Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Le Thanh Dien
- Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Vietnam
| | - Naruporn Rungrueng
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand
| | - Chayuda Jhunkeaw
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand
| | - Pattiya Sangpo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand
| | - Saengchan Senapin
- Fish Health Platform, Centex of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Toungporn Uttarotai
- Department of Highland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wattana Panphut
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand
| | - Sophie St-Hilaire
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Functional Feed Innovation Center (FuncFeed), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Ha Thanh Dong
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand; Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources Management Program, Department of Food, Agriculture and Biore-sources (AARM/FAB), School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
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Vergneau-Grosset C, Larrat S. Evidence-Based Advances in Aquatic Animal Medicine. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2017; 20:839-856. [PMID: 28781036 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fish and aquatic invertebrates deserve evidence-based medicine. Pharmacologic information is available; most pharmacokinetic studies are derived from the aquaculture industry and extrapolated to ornamental fish. Conversely, advanced diagnostics and information regarding diseases affecting only ornamental fish and invertebrates require more peer-reviewed experimental studies; the examples of carp edema virus, sea star wasting disease, seahorse nutrition, and gas bubble disease of fish under human care are discussed. Antinociception is also a controversial topic of growing interest in aquatic animal medicine. This article summarizes information regarding new topics of interest in companion fish and invertebrates and highlights some future avenues for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Vergneau-Grosset
- Zoological Medicine Service, Aquarium du Québec, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Sylvain Larrat
- Clinique Vétérinaire Benjamin Franklin, 38 Rue Du Danemark Za Porte Océane 2, Brech/Auray 56400, France.
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