1
|
Yu X, Zhang C, Chen K, Liu Y, Deng Y, Liu W, Zhang D, Jiang G, Li X, Giri SS, Park SC, Chi C. Dietary T-2 toxin induces transcriptomic changes in hepatopancreas of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) via nutrition metabolism and apoptosis-related pathways. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 249:114397. [PMID: 36527851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Long-term feed route exposure to T-2 toxin was proved to elicit growth retarding effects and induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). However, no study with a holistic perspective has been conducted to date to further describe the in-depth toxicological mechanism of T-2 toxin in E.sinensis. In this study, an RNA-Sequencing (RNA-seq) was used in this study to investigate the effects of feed supplementation with 0 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg T-2 toxin on the hepatopancreas transcriptome of E.sinensis and establish a hepatopancreas transcriptome library of T-2 toxin chronically exposed crabs after five weeks, where 14 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out across antioxidant, apoptosis, autophagy, glucolipid metabolism and protein synthesis. The actual expression of all the DEGs (Caspase, ATG4, PERK, ACSL, CAT, BIRC2, HADHA, HADHB, ACOX, PFK, eEFe1, eIF4ɑ, RPL13Ae) was also analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). It was demonstrated that long-term intake of large amounts of T-2 toxin could impair antioxidant enzyme activity, promote apoptosis and protective autophagy, disrupt lipid metabolism and inhibit protein synthesis in the hepatopancreas of E.sinensis. In conclusion, this study explored the toxicity mechanism of T-2 toxin on the hepatopancreas of E.sinensis at the mRNA level, which lays the foundation for further investigation of the molecular toxicity mechanism of T-2 toxin in aquatic crustaceans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiawei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Caiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Keke Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Deng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Cheng Chi
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang X, Huang Z, Sun L, Qiu M, Deng Q, Fang Z, Wang Y. Protective mechanisms of three antioxidants against T-2 toxin-induced muscle protein deterioration in shrimp. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:4883-4891. [PMID: 35244220 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quercetin (Q), tea polyphenols (TP), and rutin (R) are widely used plant-derived active ingredients. They possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties, and can reduce the muscle damage caused by mycotoxins. However, few studies have examined the protective mechanisms of quercetin, tea polyphenols, and rutin on muscle quality. To elucidate their protective mechanisms, shrimp were exposed to both T-2 toxin and these three antioxidants for 20 days in a dose-escalating trial. The changes in the protein composition of shrimp muscle were measured. The target proteins associated with T-2 and antioxidants were screened and identified by non-labeled quantitative proteomics. RESULTS The T-2 toxin induced abnormal expression of 21 target proteins, leading to the deterioration of muscle proteins in shrimp. The three antioxidants ameliorated the T-2 toxin-induced damage to muscle proteins by increasing the sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein content and decreasing the alkali-soluble protein content. Quercetin had the strongest protective effect. The protective processes of these antioxidants involved the upregulation of target proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism (enolase, malate dehydrogenase), protein translation (elongation factor 1-alpha and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha), and cytoskeleton component (actin 2, fast-type skeletal muscle actin 1). Quercetin regulated the largest number of target proteins, making it the best protective agent against T-2 toxin. CONCLUSION The T-2 toxin (4.80-24.30 mg/kg feed) induced changes in target proteins and muscle composition of shrimp, leading to a deterioration in muscle proteins. Quercetin (2.00-32.00 g/kg feed) had significant protective effects against this deterioration in muscle protein in shrimp. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhanrui Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mei Qiu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qi Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhijia Fang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Garibay-Valdez E, Cicala F, Martinez-Porchas M, Gómez-Reyes R, Vargas-Albores F, Gollas-Galván T, Martínez-Córdova LR, Calderón K. Longitudinal variations in the gastrointestinal microbiome of the white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11827. [PMID: 34414030 PMCID: PMC8340905 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The shrimp gut is a long digestive structure that includes the Foregut (stomach), Midgut (hepatopancreas) and Hindgut (intestine). Each component has different structural, immunity and digestion roles. Given these three gut digestive tract components' significance, we examined the bacterial compositions of the Foregut, Hindgut, and Midgut digestive fractions. Those bacterial communities' structures were evaluated by sequencing the V3 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene, while the functions were predicted by PICRUSt2 bioinformatics workflow. Also, to avoid contamination with environmental bacteria, shrimp were maintained under strictly controlled conditions. The pairwise differential abundance analysis revealed differences among digestive tract fractions. The families Rhodobacteraceae and Rubritalaceae registered higher abundances in the Foregut fraction, while in the Midgut, the families with a higher proportion were Aeromonadaceae, Beijerinckiaceae and Propionibacteriaceae. Finally, the Cellulomonadaceae family resulted in a higher proportion in the Hindgut. Regarding the predicted functions, amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism pathways were the primary functions registered for Foregut microbiota; conversely, pathways associated with the metabolism of lipids, terpenoids and polyketides, were detected in the Midgut fraction. In the Hindgut, pathways like the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins along with energy metabolism were enriched. Structural changes were followed by significant alterations in functional capabilities, suggesting that each fraction's bacteria communities may carry out specific metabolic functions. Results indicate that white shrimp's gut microbiota is widely related to the fraction analyzed across the digestive tract. Overall, our results suggest a role for the dominant bacteria in each digestive tract fraction, contributing with a novel insight into the bacterial community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Garibay-Valdez
- Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Francesco Cicala
- Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Marcel Martinez-Porchas
- Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | | | - Francisco Vargas-Albores
- Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Teresa Gollas-Galván
- Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Luis Rafael Martínez-Córdova
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de la Universidad de Sonora, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Kadiya Calderón
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de la Universidad de Sonora, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ye L, Liu J, Wang Y, Sun L, Fang Z, Deng Q, Qiu M, Zhao J. Development of a three-compartment toxicokinetic model for T-2 toxin in shrimp by blindfold particle swarm optimization algorithm. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 208:111698. [PMID: 33396029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tricothecenes-2 toxin (T-2) is a major mycotoxin that is widely distributed in aquatic feeds and poses a huge challenge to the aquatic industry, but there is scant information on the toxicokinetics of T-2 in aquatic animals. Here, we describe the development of a three-compartment toxicokinetic model for the absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME) of T-2 in shrimp. The three compartments were central (the hemolymph), slow metabolizing and fast metabolizing compartments to account for the varying ADME rates of T-2 in different shrimp organs. The toxicokinetic model was solved by the blindfold particle swarm optimization algorithm, and the values for the model equation parameters were obtained by applying the experimental data of T-2 concentrations in shrimp. The model had a good fit with the experimental data. It was revealed through the model that after i.m. administration, T-2 was rapidly absorbed into the hemolymph and distributed into shrimp organs. The hepatopancreas and intestine belonged to the fast and muscle to the slow metabolizing compartments, respectively, while the hemolymph had no capacity to metabolize T-2. The T-2 elimination rates in the hepatopancreas and intestine were similar and quite high while that in the muscle was very low. The methods used in developing and solving the model could be used for similar toxicokinetic and pharmacokinetic studies of other animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ye
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Jiacun Liu
- Faculty of Electrics and Information Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Yaling Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhijia Fang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Qi Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Mei Qiu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu Q, Qin Z, Kuca K, You L, Zhao Y, Liu A, Musilek K, Chrienova Z, Nepovimova E, Oleksak P, Wu W, Wang X. An update on T-2 toxin and its modified forms: metabolism, immunotoxicity mechanism, and human exposure assessment. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3645-69. [PMID: 32910237 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02899-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is the most toxic trichothecene mycotoxin, and it exerts potent toxic effects, including immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity. Recently, several novel metabolites, including 3',4'-dihydroxy-T-2 toxin and 4',4'-dihydroxy-T-2 toxin, have been uncovered. The enzymes CYP3A4 and carboxylesterase contribute to T-2 toxin metabolism, with 3'-hydroxy-T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin as the corresponding primary products. Modified forms of T-2 toxin, including T-2-3-glucoside, exert their immunotoxic effects by signaling through JAK/STAT but not MAPK. T-2-3-glucoside results from hydrolyzation of the corresponding parent mycotoxin and other metabolites by the intestinal microbiota, which leads to enhanced toxicity. Increasing evidence has shown that autophagy, hypoxia-inducible factors, and exosomes are involved in T-2 toxin-induced immunotoxicity. Autophagy promotes the immunosuppression induced by T-2 toxin, and a complex crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy exists. Very recently, "immune evasion" activity was reported to be associated with this toxin; this activity is initiated inside cells and allows pathogens to escape the host immune response. Moreover, T-2 toxin has the potential to trigger hypoxia in cells, which is related to activation of hypoxia-inducible factor and the release of exosomes, leading to immunotoxicity. Based on the data from a series of human exposure studies, free T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, and HT-2-4-glucuronide should be considered human T-2 toxin biomarkers in the urine. The present review focuses on novel findings related to the metabolism, immunotoxicity, and human exposure assessment of T-2 toxin and its modified forms. In particular, the immunotoxicity mechanisms of T-2 toxin and the toxicity mechanism of its modified form, as well as human T-2 toxin biomarkers, are discussed. This work will contribute to an improved understanding of the immunotoxicity mechanism of T-2 toxin and its modified forms.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ren Z, He H, Zuo Z, Xu Z, Wei Z, Deng J. ROS: Trichothecenes’ handy weapon? Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 142:111438. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
7
|
Wang C, Wang X, Xiao S, Bu X, Lin Z, Qi C, Qin JG, Chen L. T-2 toxin in the diet suppresses growth and induces immunotoxicity in juvenile Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 97:593-601. [PMID: 31891810 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The T-2 toxin is a trichothecene mycotoxin and is highly toxic to aquatic animals, but little is known on its toxic effect in crustaceans. In the present study, the crab juveniles were fed with diets containing four levels of T-2 toxin: 0 (control), 0.6 (T1), 2.5 (T2) and 5.0 (T3) mg/kg diet for 56 days to evaluate its impact on the juvenile of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). The crabs fed the T-2 toxin diets had significantly lower weight gain and specific growth rate than those fed the control diet. Moreover, crab survival in T3 group was obviously lower than that in the control. Oxidative stress occurred in all the treatment groups as indicated by higher activities of total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity than those in the control. The total hemocyte count, respiratory burst, phenoloxidase in the hemolymph, and phenoloxidase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in the hepatopancreas of crabs fed T-2 toxin were significantly lower than those in the control. The transcriptional expressions of lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha factor, relish, and the apoptosis genes in the hepatopancreas were induced by dietary T-2 toxin. The genes related to detoxication including cytochrome P450 gene superfamily and glutathione S transferase were induced in low concentration, then decreased in high concentration. Dietary T-2 toxin damaged the hepatopancreas structure, especially as seen in the detached basal membrane of hepatopancreatic tubules. This study indicates that dietary T-2 toxin can reduce growth performance, deteriorate health status and cause hepatopancreas dysfunction in crabs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Wang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Shusheng Xiao
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xianyong Bu
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhideng Lin
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Changle Qi
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jian G Qin
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Liqiao Chen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang Z, Wang Y, Sun L, Wang X, Lu P, Liang G, Pang H, Wu Q, Gooneratne R, Zhao J. Effects of T-2 toxin on the muscle proteins of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) - a proteomics study. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:119-128. [PMID: 31441054 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-2 toxin (T-2) is a potent mycotoxin and a common contaminant of aquatic animal feed, posing a serious risk to health and aquatic animals. We investigated the effect of T-2 on shrimp muscle proteins using proteomics and conventional biochemical methods. Shrimp were fed a diet containing T-2 at 0-12.2 mg kg-1 for 20 days, and changes to the muscle protein composition, ATPase activities, and the sulfhydryl (SH) content and hydrophobicity of actomyosin (AM) were determined. A proteomics study of the proteins was conducted with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization - time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS). RESULTS Exposure to T-2 markedly affected the muscle protein composition of shrimp in a concentration-responsive manner that displayed a diphasic effect. At a low T-2 concentration (1.2 mg kg-1 ), the levels of three major muscle proteins (myofibrillar, sarcoplasmic, and stroma) increased but at higher concentrations they declined progressively. T-2 exposure also led to a breakdown of muscle proteins as evidenced by increases in alkali-soluble protein and the surface hydrophobicity (SoANS) of AM. Thirty differentially expressed proteins were detected, 12 of which showed a concentration-response relationship with T-2 exposure. Among them, 11 homologous proteins were identified by mass spectrometry (MS), with several being key enzymes in energy metabolism. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that T-2 exposure at medium to high concentrations could significantly affect the protein composition and quality of shrimp muscle, and potentially some of its key metabolisms. One of the arginine kinases (spot 27) was particularly responsive to T-2 and could potentially be used as a biomarker protein for T-2 intoxication by shrimp. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanrui Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Pengli Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guangming Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Huanying Pang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Jian Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cen J, Cui L, Duan Y, Zhang H, Lin Y, Zheng J, Lu S. Effects of palytoxins extracted from Ostreopsis ovata on the oxidative stress and immune responses in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 95:670-678. [PMID: 31689553 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Palytoxins (PLTXs) are a group of complex and poisonous marine natural products that are toxic to marine life and even human beings. In the present study, the oxidative stress and immune response in the hepatopancreas and gills of Litopenaeus vannamei were assessed for 72 h after injection with PLTX extracts. Chemical and physiological parameters, e.g., the respiratory burst (O2-), activities of antioxidant enzymes, oxidative damage to lipids, carbonylation of proteins, and immune gene mRNA expression levels, were analysed. The results showed that the PLTX extract was not fatal to the shrimp but could reduce their mobility. The O2- levels in the gills gradually increased after exposure to PLTX extracts and were significantly higher than those in the control from 6 to 72 h. The malondialdehyde content, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl levels, and total antioxidant capacity in the gills all peaked at 12 h. At the same time, the gills were loosely connected, there was a clear disintegration of the epithelial tissue, and the stratum corneum disappeared after 12 h. In addition, compared to those in the control group, the PLTX extract treatment increased the O2- content, malondialdehyde content, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonyl levels from 12 to 72 h, 24-48 h, 12-24 h, and 12-72 h after injection in the hepatopancreas of the shrimp, respectively. Both the Crustin and Toll gene expression levels significantly increased in the hepatopancreas compared to those in the control 6-72 h after injection of the toxin. In parallel, the expression levels of the manganese superoxide dismutase gene gradually decreased from 6 to 48 h and returned to normal levels after 72 h. Interestingly, the total antioxidant capacity also significantly increased compared to that in the control from 6 to 72 h. Our results indicate that although PLTX extracts cause lipid peroxidation and carbonylation of proteins in hepatopancreatic cells, leading to their damage, they did not cause a decrease in the total antioxidant capacity of the hepatopancreas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Cen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algae Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Lei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algae Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Yafei Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algae Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Yarou Lin
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algae Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Jiping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algae Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Songhui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algae Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang Z, Wang Y, Qiu M, Sun L, Deng Y, Wang X, Bi S, Gooneratne R, Zhao J. Effects of T-2 toxin on digestive enzyme activity, intestinal histopathology and growth in shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13175. [PMID: 31511616 PMCID: PMC6739391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
T-2 toxin (T-2), a naturally occurring mycotoxin that often accumulates in aquatic animals via contaminated feed, is toxic to animals, including humans. In this study, six groups of shrimp (n = 30 shrimps/group) were given T-2 in feed at concentrations of 0–12.2 mg/kg for 20 days. T-2 accumulation, intestinal histopathology, digestive enzyme activities and subsequent effects on shrimp are reported. Compared to the control, T-2 significantly reduced weight gain, specific growth rate, and survival. The histopathology of shrimp intestine showed concentration-dependent degenerative and necrotic changes in response to dietary T-2. Progressive damage to the microstructures of shrimp intestine occurred with increasing dietary T-2 concentrations, with initial inflammation of the mucosal tissue at T-2 concentrations of 0.5 and 1.2 mg/kg, progressing to disappearance of intestinal villi and degeneration and necrosis of the submucosa at 12.2 mg/kg. Intestinal amylase and protease activities increased at low T-2 concentrations but showed significant inhibition at high concentrations; however, the opposite trend occurred for lipase activity. Collectively, these results indicate that digestive enzyme activities and mucosal structures are markedly affected by exposure to T-2, and these may have contributed to the lower survival rate of shrimp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanrui Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Mei Qiu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yijia Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Siyuan Bi
- Ski Teaching and Training Base Post-doctoral Research Station of Harbin Sport University, Harbin, 150008, China
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Jian Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bi S, Huang Z, Wang Y, Nie F, Wang X, Sun L, Zhu Z, Gooneratne R. Effects of T-2 toxin on histopathology, fatty acid and water distribution of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) muscle. J Environ Sci Health B 2019; 54:416-423. [PMID: 30777787 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1574172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
T-2 toxin (T-2), one of the naturally occurring mycotoxins, often accumulates in aquatic animals from contaminated feed. Shrimp (n = 30 per group) were fed with different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.5, 4.5 and 13.5 mg kg-1) of T-2 for 20 days. Changes in histopathology, fatty acid and water distribution of shrimp muscle were analyzed. Histopathology of shrimp muscle showed dose-dependent marked degenerative and necrotic changes on exposure to dietary T-2. The T-2 significantly (P < 0.05) affected the muscle fatty acid composition. ∑SFA, ∑MUFA and ∑PUFA initially decreased and then increased slowly in the high-dosed groups. C16:0, C18:1n-9 and C18:2n-6 were the main saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), respectively. Also, T-2 significantly affected water distribution in shrimp muscle. High doses of T-2 reduced free water content, resulting in a reduction in the water holding capacity and hence changes to the shrimp muscle quality. Collectively, these results illustrated that T-2 significantly affects the fatty acid and water distribution, and also muscle histopathology, all of which would result in a reduction in the quality and nutritional value of shrimp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Bi
- a Ski Teaching and Training Base Post-doctoral Research Station of Harbin Sport University , Harbin , China
- b College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution , Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Zhanrui Huang
- b College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution , Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Yaling Wang
- b College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution , Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Fanghong Nie
- b College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution , Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- b College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution , Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Lijun Sun
- b College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution , Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhu
- a Ski Teaching and Training Base Post-doctoral Research Station of Harbin Sport University , Harbin , China
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- c Department of Wine Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences , Lincoln University , Lincoln, Canterbury , New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fang Z, Zhou L, Wang Y, Sun L, Gooneratne R. Evaluation the effect of mycotoxins on shrimp (
Litopenaeus vannamei
) muscle and their limited exposure dose for preserving the shrimp quality. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, College of Food Science and Technology Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang China
| | - Langhua Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, College of Food Science and Technology Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang China
| | - Yaling Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, College of Food Science and Technology Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, College of Food Science and Technology Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang China
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- Centre for Food Research and Innovation Centre for Food Research and Innovations Lincoln University Lincoln New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu Q, Wang X, Nepovimova E, Wang Y, Yang H, Li L, Zhang X, Kuca K. Antioxidant agents against trichothecenes: new hints for oxidative stress treatment. Oncotarget 2017; 8:110708-110726. [PMID: 29299181 PMCID: PMC5746416 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichothecenes are a group of mycotoxins mainly produced by fungi of genus Fusarium. Due to high toxicity and widespread dissemination, T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (DON) are considered to be the most important compounds of this class. Trichothecenes generate free radicals, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce lipid peroxidation, decrease levels of antioxidant enzymes, and ultimately lead to apoptosis. Consequently, oxidative stress is an active area of research on the toxic mechanisms of trichothecenes, and identification of antioxidant agents that could be used against trichothecenes is crucial for human health. Numerous natural compounds have been analyzed and have shown to function very effectively as antioxidants against trichothecenes. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying oxidative stress induced by these compounds, and discuss current knowledge regarding such antioxidant agents as vitamins, quercetin, selenium, glucomannan, nucleotides, antimicrobial peptides, bacteria, polyunsaturated fatty acids, oligosaccharides, and plant extracts. These products inhibit trichothecene-induced oxidative stress by (1) inhibiting ROS generation and induced DNA damage and lipid peroxidation; (2) increasing antioxidant enzyme activity; (3) blocking the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways; (4) inhibiting caspase activity and apoptosis; (5) protecting mitochondria; and (6) regulating anti-inflammatory actions. Finally, we summarize some decontamination methods, including bacterial and yeast biotransformation and degradation, as well as mycotoxin-binding agents. This review provides a comprehensive overview of antioxidant agents against trichothecenes and casts new light on the attenuation of oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Yun Wang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Hualin Yang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu Q, Wang X, Nepovimova E, Miron A, Liu Q, Wang Y, Su D, Yang H, Li L, Kuca K. Trichothecenes: immunomodulatory effects, mechanisms, and anti-cancer potential. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:3737-3785. [PMID: 29152681 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Paradoxically, trichothecenes have both immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory effects. The underlying mechanisms have not been fully explored. Early studies show that dose, exposure timing, and the time at which immune function is assessed influence whether trichothecenes act in an immunosuppressive or immunostimulatory fashion. Recent studies suggest that the immunomodulatory function of trichothecenes is also actively shaped by competing cell-survival and death-signaling pathways. Autophagy may also promote trichothecene immunosuppression, although the mechanism may be complicated. Moreover, trichothecenes may generate an "immune evasion" milieu that allows pathogens to escape host and vaccine immune defenses. Some trichothecenes, especially macrocyclic trichothecenes, also potently kill cancer cells. T-2 toxin conjugated with anti-cancer monoclonal antibodies significantly suppresses the growth of thymoma EL-4 cells and colon cancer cells. The type B trichothecene diacetoxyscirpenol specifically inhibits the tumor-promoting factor HIF-1 in cancer cells under hypoxic conditions. Trichothecin markedly inhibits the growth of multiple cancer cells with constitutively activated NF-κB. The type D macrocyclic toxin Verrucarin A is also a promising therapeutic candidate for leukemia, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and pancreatic cancer. The anti-cancer activities of trichothecenes have not been comprehensively summarized. Here, we first summarize the data on the immunomodulatory effects of trichothecenes and discuss recent studies that shed light on the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. These mechanisms include autophagy and major signaling pathways and their crosstalk. Second, the anti-cancer potential of trichothecenes and the underlying mechanisms will be discussed. We hope that this review will show how trichothecene bioactivities can be exploited to generate therapies against pathogens and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Anca Miron
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, Iasi, Romania
| | - Qianying Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yun Wang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Dongxiao Su
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Hualin Yang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|