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Son H, Jung YJ, Park SC, Kim IR, Park JH, Jang MK, Lee JR. Functional Characterization of an Arabidopsis Profilin Protein as a Molecular Chaperone under Heat Shock Stress. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185771. [PMID: 36144503 PMCID: PMC9504416 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Profilins (PFNs) are actin monomer-binding proteins that function as antimicrobial agents in plant phloem sap. Although the roles of Arabidopsis thaliana profilin protein isoforms (AtPFNs) in regulating actin polymerization have already been described, their biochemical and molecular functions remain to be elucidated. Interestingly, a previous study indicated that AtPFN2 with high molecular weight (HMW) complexes showed lower antifungal activity than AtPFN1 with low molecular weight (LMW). These were bacterially expressed and purified to characterize the unknown functions of AtPFNs with different structures. In this study, we found that AtPFN1 and AtPFN2 proteins have LMW and HMW structures, respectively, but only AtPFN2 has a potential function as a molecular chaperone, which has never been reported elsewhere. AtPFN2 has better protein stability than AtPFN1 due to its higher molecular weight under heat shock conditions. The function of AtPFN2 as a holdase chaperone predominated in the HMW complexes, whereas the chaperone function of AtPFN1 was not observed in the LMW forms. These results suggest that AtPFN2 plays a critical role in plant tolerance by increasing hydrophobicity due to external heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosuk Son
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 38286, Korea
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea
| | - Young Jun Jung
- National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon 33657, Korea
| | - Seong-Cheol Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 38286, Korea
| | - Il Ryong Kim
- National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon 33657, Korea
| | - Joung Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+) and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyeong Jang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 38286, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-K.J.); (J.R.L.); Tel.: +82-62-750-3567 (M.-K.J.); +82-41-950-5820 (J.R.L.)
| | - Jung Ro Lee
- National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon 33657, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-K.J.); (J.R.L.); Tel.: +82-62-750-3567 (M.-K.J.); +82-41-950-5820 (J.R.L.)
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Tomato Allergy: The Characterization of the Selected Allergens and Antioxidants of Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum)-A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040644. [PMID: 35453329 PMCID: PMC9031248 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomatoes are one of the most broadly produced and consumed crop plants. They are the source of health-promoting nutrients such as antioxidants, including ascorbic acid, polyphenols, or carotenoids. Despite the beneficial role of tomatoes in the daily diet, they have been confirmed as one of the most prevalent allergenic vegetables. Food allergies can cause many clinical symptoms, e.g., in the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and lungs, as well as anaphylactic shock. A huge amount of clinical research has been carried out to improve the understanding of the immunological mechanisms that lead to the lack of tolerance of food antigens, which can result in either immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated reactions or non-IgE-mediated reactions. Lifestyle and diet play an important role in triggering food allergies. Allergy to tomatoes is also linked to other allergies, such as grass pollen and latex allergy. Numerous attempts have been made to identify and characterize tomato allergens; however, the data available on the subject are not sufficient.
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Singh B, Ahanathapillai V, Sharma NR, Jan S, Roy A, Upadhyay AK. Structural insights into the amino acid usage variations in the profilin gene family. Amino Acids 2022; 54:411-419. [PMID: 35192061 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Profilin protein is present ubiquitously in all forms of life and is allied with allergic responses among atopic individuals. In addition to this, profilins from various food sources are also associated with IgE cross-reactivity and are thus classified as pan-allergens. The present study unravels the physicochemical basis of differential amino acid usage patterns observed in the profilin gene family. Correspondence analysis based on amino acid usage of allergen and non-allergen profilins revealed discrete clusters among them, signifying differential patterns of amino acid usage. The amino acids, namely methionine, proline, histidine, glutamine, glutamic acid, tryptophan and glycine were found to be more frequently utilised by the allergen profilins compared to the non-allergens. Correlation analysis revealed that physicochemical features like protein disorder, trypsin digestion and solubility differed significantly among the allergen and non-allergen profilins, thus supporting the observations from correspondence analysis. In addition, comprehensive sequence analysis revealed that the allergen profilins possess conserved motifs which may correlate with their distinct physicochemical features. An in-depth structural analysis revealed that the over-represented amino acids in allergen profilins have a propensity of being exposed on the surface, which may be attributed to their distinct allergenic characteristics. The distinguished physicochemical features observed among allergens and non-allergens can be employed as descriptors to develop machine learning-based allergenicity prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupender Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144001, India.
| | - Vijayalakshmi Ahanathapillai
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, Seacole Building, 32 Westbourne Road, Birmingham, B15 3TN, UK
| | - Neeta Raj Sharma
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - Sadaf Jan
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - Ayan Roy
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144001, India. .,Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University, New York, 10032, USA.
| | - Atul Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
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Abstract
This review searched for published evidence that could explain how different physicochemical properties impact on the allergenicity of food proteins and if their effects would follow specific patterns among distinct protein families. Owing to the amount and complexity of the collected information, this literature overview was divided in two articles, the current one dedicated to protein families of plant allergens and a second one focused on animal allergens. Our extensive analysis of the available literature revealed that physicochemical characteristics had consistent effects on protein allergenicity for allergens belonging to the same protein family. For example, protein aggregation contributes to increased allergenicity of 2S albumins, while for legumins and cereal prolamins, the same phenomenon leads to a reduction. Molecular stability, related to structural resistance to heat and proteolysis, was identified as the most common feature promoting plant protein allergenicity, although it fails to explain the potency of some unstable allergens (e.g. pollen-related food allergens). Furthermore, data on physicochemical characteristics translating into clinical effects are limited, mainly because most studies are focused on in vitro IgE binding. Clinical data assessing how these parameters affect the development and clinical manifestation of allergies is minimal, with only few reports evaluating the sensitising capacity of modified proteins (addressing different physicochemical properties) in murine allergy models. In vivo testing of modified pure proteins by SPT or DBPCFC is scarce. At this stage, a systematic approach to link the physicochemical properties with clinical plant allergenicity in real-life scenarios is still missing.
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Dong X, Wang J, Raghavan V. Critical reviews and recent advances of novel non-thermal processing techniques on the modification of food allergens. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:196-210. [PMID: 32048519 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1722942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the increasing prevalence of food allergy has become a public concern related to human health worldwide. Thus, it is imperative and necessary to provide some efficient methods for the management of food allergy. Some conventional processing methods (e.g., boiling and steaming) have been applied in the reduction of food immunoreactivity, while these treatments significantly destroy nutritional components present in food sources. Several studies have shown that novel processing techniques generally have better performance in retaining original characteristics of food and improving the efficiency of eliminating allergens. This review has focused on the recent advances of novel non-thermal processing techniques including high-pressure processing, ultrasound, pulsed light, cold plasma, fermentation, pulsed electric field, enzymatic hydrolysis, and the combination processing of them. Meanwhile, general information on global food allergy prevalence and food allergy pathology are also described. Hopefully, these findings regarding the modifications on the food allergens through various novel food processing techniques can provide an in-depth understanding in the mechanism of food allergy, which in turn possibly provides a strategy to adapt in the reduction of food immunoreactivity for the food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dong
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vijaya Raghavan
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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Park SC, Kim IR, Kim JY, Lee Y, Kim EJ, Jung JH, Jung YJ, Jang MK, Lee JR. Molecular mechanism of Arabidopsis thaliana profilins as antifungal proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2545-2554. [PMID: 30056100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains an open question whether plant phloem sap proteins are functionally involved in plant defense mechanisms. METHODS The antifungal effects of two profilin proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana, AtPFN1 and AtPFN2, were tested against 11 molds and 4 yeast fungal strains. Fluorescence profiling, biophysical, and biochemical analyses were employed to investigate their antifungal mechanism. RESULTS Recombinant AtPFN1 and AtPFN2 proteins, expressed in Escherichia coli, inhibited the cell growth of various pathogenic fungal strains at concentrations ranging from 10 to 160 μg/mL. The proteins showed significant intracellular accumulation and cell-binding affinity for fungal cells. Interestingly, the AtPFN proteins could penetrate the fungal cell wall and membrane and act as inhibitors of fungal growth via generation of cellular reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide. This triggered the AtPFN variant-induced cell apoptosis, resulting in morphological changes in the cells. CONCLUSION PFNs may play a critical role as antifungal proteins in the Arabidopsis defense system against fungal pathogen attacks. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The present study indicates that two profilin proteins, AtPFN1 and AtPFN2, can act as natural antimicrobial agents in the plant defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Cheol Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Ryong Kim
- National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon, Choongnam 33657, Republic of Korea; Division of Applied Life Science and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjae Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Goseong Agricultural Development/Technology Center, Goseong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do 52930, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Jung
- Division of Applied Life Science and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Young Jun Jung
- National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon, Choongnam 33657, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyeong Jang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Ro Lee
- National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon, Choongnam 33657, Republic of Korea.
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