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Guryanova SV, Finkina EI, Melnikova DN, Bogdanov IV, Bohle B, Ovchinnikova TV. How Do Pollen Allergens Sensitize? Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:900533. [PMID: 35782860 PMCID: PMC9245541 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.900533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant pollen is one of the main sources of allergens causing allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis and asthma. Several allergens in plant pollen are panallergens which are also present in other allergen sources. As a result, sensitized individuals may also experience food allergies. The mechanism of sensitization and development of allergic inflammation is a consequence of the interaction of allergens with a large number of molecular factors that often are acting in a complex with other compounds, for example low-molecular-mass ligands, which contribute to the induction a type 2-driven response of immune system. In this review, special attention is paid not only to properties of allergens but also to an important role of their interaction with lipids and other hydrophobic molecules in pollen sensitization. The reactions of epithelial cells lining the nasal and bronchial mucosa and of other immunocompetent cells will also be considered, in particular the mechanisms of the activation of B and T lymphocytes and the formation of allergen-specific antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V. Guryanova
- Science-Educational Center, M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, The Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I. Finkina
- Science-Educational Center, M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria N. Melnikova
- Science-Educational Center, M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Bogdanov
- Science-Educational Center, M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatiana V. Ovchinnikova
- Science-Educational Center, M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Tatiana V. Ovchinnikova,
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Sur LM, Armat I, Duca E, Sur G, Lupan I, Sur D, Samasca G, Lazea C, Lazar C. Food Allergy a Constant Concern to the Medical World and Healthcare Providers: Practical Aspects. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111204. [PMID: 34833080 PMCID: PMC8620930 DOI: 10.3390/life11111204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Food allergy (FA) is a condition with a growing incidence and is a constant concern for the medical world and healthcare providers. With potential symptoms including anaphylaxis, in the event of an allergic reaction the patient’s life may well be endangered. The diagnosis of FA is a continuous challenge because mild cases tend to be ignored or diagnosed late and young children with allergies are cared for by parents, who are not always able to accurately interpret symptoms. It is very important to be able to differentiate FAs from food intolerance and toxic reactions to food. An accurate diagnosis is required to provide personalized management of an FA. More sophisticated and accurate diagnostic tests, including component diagnosis and epitope reactivity, allow the provision of a directed diagnosis, a more accurate therapeutic approach, and a useful prognostic evaluation. Tests used in current practice include the specific search for serum IgE, elimination diets, oral food challenges, single, blind, and double-blind (DBPCFC) tests, as well as skin tests. The risk of anaphylaxis can be assessed by molecular diagnostics/component-resolved diagnosis (CRD) and by conducting a basophilic activation test (BAT). These tests allow a planned, personalized treatment based on molecular and clinical profiles. CRD can determine the individual profile of allergic molecular reactivity and enable the formulation of a prognostic judgment. Our article highlights the importance of knowing the immune mechanisms, diagnostics, and immunotherapies in FAs. Starting from observing exposure to food allergens, to identifying allergic reactions, analysing the severity of clinical manifestations, noting the possibilities of diagnosis, and illustrating adequate management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia M. Sur
- Department of Pediatric I, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.M.S.); (C.L.); (C.L.)
- Children Emergency Clinical Hospital, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.A.); (E.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Ionel Armat
- Children Emergency Clinical Hospital, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.A.); (E.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Emanuela Duca
- Children Emergency Clinical Hospital, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.A.); (E.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Genel Sur
- Children Emergency Clinical Hospital, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.A.); (E.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Iulia Lupan
- Molecular Biology Department, Babes Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Daniel Sur
- The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Gabriel Samasca
- Children Emergency Clinical Hospital, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.A.); (E.D.); (G.S.)
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Cecilia Lazea
- Department of Pediatric I, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.M.S.); (C.L.); (C.L.)
- Children Emergency Clinical Hospital, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.A.); (E.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Calin Lazar
- Department of Pediatric I, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.M.S.); (C.L.); (C.L.)
- Children Emergency Clinical Hospital, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.A.); (E.D.); (G.S.)
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Čelakovská J, Bukač J, Vaňková R, Krejsek J, Andrýs C. Food allergy to apple, peach and celery in atopic dermatitis patients, analysis of sensitisation to molecular components. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2021.1911957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Čelakovská
- Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - J. Bukač
- Medical Faculty of Charles University, Department of Medical Biophysic, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - R. Vaňková
- Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - J. Krejsek
- Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - C. Andrýs
- Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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