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Adams M, Gong C, Heinze JE. Firearm ownership and storage among US college students: results from the healthy minds study, 2021-2022. J Behav Med 2024:10.1007/s10865-024-00467-5. [PMID: 38460062 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-024-00467-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to address a significant gap in knowledge on firearm ownership rates and storage characteristics in a national sample of college students. We used 2021-2022 survey data from the Healthy Minds Study, which included approximately 88,500 students at over 100 US colleges and universities. We conducted analyses using descriptive statistics and two-sample proportion tests. About 4% of respondents reported having a firearm on or around campus. Among firearm owners, 68.8% reported storing firearms at their permanent address within an hour's drive from campus, and 43.1% reported storing their firearms unloaded and locked. Firearm ownership rates were significantly higher for respondents who were positive for specific risk factors (i.e., in a relationship, suicide ideation, recent binge drinking, and having been physically assaulted) versus those who were negative. These findings support the need for targeted messaging and firearm safety training for college students to reduce firearm-related risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Adams
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Catherine Gong
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Justin E Heinze
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Aluh DO, Aigbogun O, Ukoha-Kalu BO, Silva M, Grigaitė U, Pedrosa B, Santos-Dias M, Cardoso G, Caldas-de-Almeida JM. Beyond Patient Characteristics: A Narrative Review of Contextual Factors Influencing Involuntary Admissions in Mental Health Care. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1986. [PMID: 37510426 PMCID: PMC10379438 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11141986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Variations in the rates of involuntary admission (IA) reflect the influence of unexplained contextual variables that are typically too heterogeneous to be included in systematic reviews. This paper attempts to gather and analyze factors unrelated to the patients that have been linked to IA. The articles included in this review were selected by iteratively searching four electronic databases (PubMed, PsychINFO, EMBASE, and Web of Science). A total of 54 studies from 19 different countries and regions, including 14 European countries, the United States, Canada, China, Vietnam, and Taiwan, were selected. The factors were categorized as service-related factors, impactful events, seasonal and temporal factors, mental health legislation, staff factors, and public attitudes. The factors rarely act in isolation but rather interact and reinforce each other, causing a greater influence on IA. This paper explains how these factors present opportunities for robust and sustainable interventions to reduce IAs. The paper also identifies future directions for research, such as examining the effects of economic recessions. Enhancing global reporting standards is essential to validate future research and support further in-depth studies. The complexity of the factors influencing IA and the implicit role of society suggest that resolving it will require social change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Oyine Aluh
- Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health (LIGMH), NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka 410105, Nigeria
| | - Osaro Aigbogun
- Department of Management, Marketing and Digital Business, Curtin University, Miri 98009, Malaysia
| | | | - Manuela Silva
- Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health (LIGMH), NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ugnė Grigaitė
- Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health (LIGMH), NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Barbara Pedrosa
- Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health (LIGMH), NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida Santos-Dias
- Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health (LIGMH), NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Graça Cardoso
- Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health (LIGMH), NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Miguel Caldas-de-Almeida
- Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health (LIGMH), NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
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